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Hyperandrogenism represents a prevalent yet diagnostically challenging endocrine condition in adolescents, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and androgen-secreting tumors constituting the most common etiologies. The physiological overlap with normal pubertal development creates significant diagnostic complexity, necessitating evidence-based approaches tailored to this unique population. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from a comprehensive literature search (PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science/EMBASE/Cochrane, 2000-2025) evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for adolescent hyperandrogenism. We prioritized clinical practice guidelines (including 2023 international PCOS guidelines), randomized controlled trials, and large cohort studies (n ≥ 50), excluding conference abstracts and non-peer-reviewed sources. Data extraction focused on diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, safety profiles, and quality-of-life outcomes across 122 included studies. Current diagnostic frameworks demonstrate critical limitations in adolescent populations, particularly regarding age-specific biochemical cutoffs (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone) and imaging interpretation. While combined oral contraceptives remain first-line therapy, emerging data highlight both metabolic risks (particularly with long-term use) and the potential of insulin sensitizers such as myo-inositol. Psychological comorbidities (anxiety, depression) are prevalent (38%-45% prevalence) yet are frequently under-addressed in clinical management. Key knowledge gaps persist regarding optimal (1) diagnostic thresholds for diverse ethnic groups; (2) longitudinal safety of hormonal therapies; and (3) integrated mental health interventions. Adolescent hyperandrogenism demands multidisciplinary management involving endocrinologic, gynecologic, dermatologic, and psychological expertise. Future research must prioritize (1) validated age- and puberty-stage-specific diagnostic criteria; (2) safety/efficacy data for emerging therapies; and (3) standardized protocols for mental health screening. This synthesis provides a framework for evidence-based, individualized care while highlighting urgent research priorities.

<h3>Background</h3> Understanding cellular mechanisms driving heart failure (HF) progression requires characterisation of cardiomyocyte mechanics under varying loading conditions. While traditional isometric experiments offer limited insight into the dynamic cardiac function, work-loops models provide a more physiologically relevant framework for studying cardiac mechanics <i>in-vitro</i>. We employ a work-loop technique to examine myocyte mechanics under both physiological and pathological load, investigating the Frank-Starling relationship at a cellular level and the impact of high mechanical stress on cardiomyocyte function and structure. <h3>Methods</h3> Isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (n=15) were attached to a piezo-translator and force transducer (IonOptix, Milton, USA) and subjected to both isometric and workloop contractions at increasing sarcomere lengths (preload) at 1 Hz. Work-loops were configured with a preload of 10% and afterload of 50% of developed isometric force. Developed force and stroke work were averaged from ten stable traces. A high-preload protocol (paced at 3 Hz) was used to simulate volume overloaded conditions. Stroke work (area within the work-loop) was continuously monitored. Isometric force and cell morphology were measured pre- and post-experiment. Bathing solution was carefully replaced without disrupting cell position to assess for potential recovery. <h3>Results</h3> Myocytes exhibited exponential force augmentation with stretch, with a mean 3.45-fold (±0.58 SD) increase, but stretching beyond 2.2µM led to cell instability and death (figure&nbsp;1A). Similarly, stroke work increased significantly from 1.7µm to 2.15µM, with a 5.42-fold (±0.96SD) rise from baseline (figure&nbsp;1B). However, stable workloops could not be maintained at 2.2µM due to pro-arrhythmic behaviour or cell detachment from vigorous force-length changes. No optimal length plateau was demonstrated, unlike multicellular or in-vivo preparations. Under sustained high-preload conditions, significant mechanical deterioration was observed (30.3% force reduction. p=0.0012) within 8–10 minutes of stressed work-loops, accompanied by membrane blebbing and cellular distortion (figure&nbsp;2). Buffer replacement or cell rest did not restore cellular function, indicating irreversible damage under pathologically high preload conditions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that isolated cardiomyocytes, devoid of their natural extracellular matrix support, become vulnerable to irreversible damage when stretched beyond 2.2µM sarcomeric length. The mechanical vulnerability to brief periods of excessive preload supports the notion that sustained myocyte overdistension in volume-overloaded hearts can lead to irreversible cellular damage, potentially contributing to irreversible heart failure and replacement fibrosis. These results emphasize the importance of early intervention to reverse pathologically high stress to enhance the possibility of myocardial reverse remodelling and potential recovery.

The main task of the State Border Guard is to ensure the inviolability of the state border, including the prevention of illegal crossing of the state border. Modern technical means and innovative technologies for monitoring and controlling the state border and the border strip play an important role in the successful and efficient performance of the mentioned task. The purpose of the study: to evaluate innovative area surveillance and movement detection systems, their integration possibilities in a single platform, the possibilities of creating technically and technologically developed infrastructure and compatibility with technical means, the possibilities of information visualization and processing in the context of the implementation of border surveillance measures. The study aims to analyze the current state of the technical monitoring system of Latvia's external land border, to study its development directions, and to identify future perspectives, considering both national and international security threats. This work will examine both technological and organizational aspects related to border surveillance, as well as possible improvements and innovations that could increase the system's efficiency in the future.

Dans le prolongement des réflexions entamées par les mouvements #MeToo et leurs dénonciations du caractère systémique des violences sexuelles, les critiques de l’hétérosexualité se sont multipliées dans les sphères médiatiques et politiques. Les relations hétérosexuelles y sont souvent décrites comme des lieux de « dysfonctionnements » ou de reproduction des rapports de domination, invitant le couple hétérosexuel à s’extraire des rapports de domination et de subordination de genre qui le car...

Abstract Authenticated Key Exchange ( $${\textsf {AKE}}$$ AKE ) can be used in client-server applications for mutual authentication and key establishment. In scenarios where client authentication is neither feasible nor desirable, One-Sided AKE ( $${\textsf {OS-AKE}}$$ OS - AKE ) allows both parties to establish a key while only the server authenticates to the client. Thus, $${\textsf {OS-AKE}}$$ OS - AKE provides client anonymity with respect to the server, but does not allow the server to enforce any form of access control—that is, the server simply establishes a key with any client. In this paper, we introduce Anonymous AKE ( $${\textsf {A-AKE}}$$ A - AKE ) to strike a balance between classical client authentication of $${\textsf {AKE}}$$ AKE and client anonymity of $${\textsf {OS-AKE}}$$ OS - AKE . In a nutshell $${\textsf {A-AKE}}$$ A - AKE is an $${\textsf {AKE}}$$ AKE protocol where (i) the server authenticates to the client, (ii) the server can enforce access control by deciding which clients are authorized to run the key-establishment protocol, (iii) a key is established between the server and the client only if the latter is one of the authorized clients as defined by the server, and (iv) the authorized client remains anonymous (within the set of all authorized clients) with respect to the server. We introduce a security model for $${\textsf {A-AKE}}$$ A - AKE that extends popular $${\textsf {AKE}}$$ AKE models and design a general framework for instantiating $${\textsf {A-AKE}}$$ A - AKE protocols based on well-established cryptographic primitives. Finally, we instantiate several $${\textsf {AKE}}$$ AKE protocols aiming at strong security guarantees in the classical and post-quantum settings. We implement a prototype of each instantiation and provide an experimental comparison of their performance.

El presente artículo examina el efecto suspensivo de los recursos en contra de sentencias condenatorias, en el que resalta su impacto en la protección de derechos fundamentales como la presunción de inocencia.Se analiza la necesidad de suspender la ejecución de la sentencia hasta su firmeza y se exploran medidas para evitar dilaciones indebidas. Además, se analiza el alcance del efecto suspensivo en cuanto al objeto penal y civil, destacando las diferencias y desafíos en su implementación.En conclusión, el artículo proporciona un análisis crítico y detallado sobre la regulación del efecto suspensivo en el proceso penal, y enfatiza la necesidad del respeto de los derechos fundamentales.

El acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC constituye una tipología delictiva que causa gran alarma social, y cuyo incremento se ha visto favorecido por el auge y uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación por parte de los menores de edad. Distintos estudios científicos han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la antisocialidad para explicar las causas de los delitos sexuales contra los menores. El presente estudio se ha propuesto comparar la historia y reincidencia criminal en delitos no sexuales, en tanto muestra de comportamientos antisociales. de una muestra de detenidos por delitos de acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC (child grooming), con otras dos muestras de detenidos por delitos de pornografía infantil y abuso sexual de menores, para evaluar si son más parecidos en dicha historia criminal a unos que a los otros, una vez se considera que los primeros están mucho mejor socializados que los segundos. Los resultados han mostrado que los acosadores sexuales de menores tienen una historia criminal, nivel de agresión en sus delitos y perfil criminógeno que revela una elevada antisocialidad, muy próxima a la de los abusadores sexuales físicos, y muy alejada de los meros consumidores de material sexual infantil.

The premise that lifestyle modification through exercise training could improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and reduce medicine use is encouraging from the individual and public health perspective. PURPOSE: To assess if long-term exercise training, could restrain the worsening of MetS and the increased medicine use that normally occurs with aging in these patients. METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals with MetS were tested on three occasions during eight years. Participants were stratified in blocks by age, number of MetS factors, and body mass index (BMI) and randomized to the exercise training (TRAIN; n=34) or standard care (STD CARE; n=34) groups. All participants were under the supervision of their primary care physician and continued their routine medication. Additionally, the TRAIN group underwent supervised high-intensity interval cycling (HIIT) three times per week for 16 weeks (end of November to early April) during 8 consecutive years. RESULTS: MetS Z-score was similarly reduced over time in both groups (p=0.561 for group*time interaction). Conversely, after 8 years, the medicine use score, a score accounting for increases in dose and number of medicines, increased by 136% in the STD CARE group (p<0.001) while did not significantly change (19%, p=1.00) in the TRAIN group (p=0.015 for group*time interaction). VO2MAX increased from baseline to eight-year in TRAIN (10%; 2.53; 95% CI 0.11 to 4.96 mL·kg-1·min-1; P=0.04) and tended to decrease in STD CARE (-7%; -1.53; 95% CI -3.85 to 0.79 mL·Kg·min-1; P=0.32). A significant group*time interaction was found for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, assessed by VO2max; p=0.013). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that yearly exercise training prevents the doubling of medication use that otherwise occurs during 8 years as MetS progresses. Although both, exercise training and medication, are equally effective in improving MetS (i.e., Z-score), the medicine therapy entails increased expenses and unwanted side effects. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05120778 PID2020-116159RB- IOO

Objetivo: Facilitar la difusión del conocimiento en las organizaciones, fortaleciendo la traslación de la investigación a la práctica. Metodología: Desarrollada en varias fases: planificación de áreas de interés y necesidades; creación y desarrollo de espacios y herramientas para difusión de conocimientos; planificación y desarrollo de oferta formativa y evaluación (estudio descriptivo de impacto). Resultados principales: Estrategia para trasladar conocimiento a la acción, visibilizando cuidados y buenas prácticas. Se realizan sesiones de buenas prácticas y de fomento de la investigación (grabadas) con abordaje multidisciplinar con 300-400 personas por sesión. El impacto en satisfacción y aplicación al puesto es alto. Esta estrategia se une a otras como el proyecto BPSO, Sumamos Excelencia, Flebitis Zero o el proyecto Nursing Reserch Challenge, observándose impacto en salud y en actividad investigadora. Conclusión principal: El conocimiento es preciso movilizarlo para ser integrado y que transforme la práctica. Esta estrategia fortalece que el conocimiento generado sea compartido, actualizado y, sobre todo, sea utilizado.

Abstract Poison and other indiscriminate means are used illegally for wildlife control worldwide. This pervasive phenomenon can significantly damage ecosystems overall and be particularly harmful to certain species (endangered or otherwise) that are susceptible to poisoned baits. Poisoning (and co‐occurring poaching) jeopardizes public administration efforts to reintroduce or support the populations of certain species, while the favored toxic substances used pose a major threat not only to the biodiversity of habitats but also to human health. Both alleged and actual harm to crops and hunting resources are the main driver of illegal vermin and predator control. Previous studies on poisons and other nonselective methods of wildlife elimination have focused on the means used and the species affected. We have instead taken a global empirical approach, also analyzing contextual aspects, what motivates perpetrators and, eventually, the characteristics of the poisoners and users of various indiscriminate means for illegal wildlife control in Spain. This analysis is derived from a thorough examination of incidents based on the investigation of perpetrator by police and judicial records. Furthermore, this work provides a methodological framework that serves as first approach to this issue, gaining insight into the formulation of preventive policies and improving decision taking by law enforcement agencies.