Guarulhos University

To investigate the impact of living in a war zone on acceleration of skeletal maturation and development of permanent teeth. A total of 272 Israeli children and adolescents aged 9-15 years participated in this study. The Gaza group included 106 participants from the Gaza envelope area (within 7 km of the Gaza Strip border), while the central group consisted of 166 participants from central Israel. Skeletal maturation and dental development were assessed using lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, respectively. Significant differences were observed in all maturation variables, including skeletal maturation as well as maturation of the upper and lower second molars (right and left) and upper canines. The Gaza envelope group exhibited more advanced and accelerated maturation than the central group (P < .0005). Positive correlations were identified among tooth maturation, chronological age, and skeletal development (0.519 < r < 0.599). Linear regression analysis revealed that the maturation of the lower left second molar accounted for 47.8% of variance in skeletal maturation. In this study, we confirm that children living under the stress of a conflict zone exhibited earlier skeletal maturation and accelerated eruption of permanent second molars and upper canines than their peers. The early eruption of second molars and canines, particularly the lower left second molar, may serve as a predictive marker for pubertal progression.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media pembelajaran Talking Stick berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPAS di kelas III SDN 1 Alasmalang pada tahun akademik 2024/2025. Masalah hasil belajar yang buruk siswa adalah latar belakang penelitian ini. Ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya variasi dalam pembelajaran, gaya ceramah yang dominan, dan kurangnya aktifitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dan desain quasi eksperimental menggunakan kelompok kontrol yang tidak sebanding. Studi ini melibatkan semua siswa yang berada di kelas III di SDN 1 Alasmalang, yang berjumlah 34 orang. Selain itu, 17 siswa dari kelas IIIA digunakan sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan 17 siswa dari kelas IIIB digunakan sebagai kelas kontrol. teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Data diuji dengan uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi homogen dan normal. Uji t menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa dalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (di bawah 0,05). Dengan demikian, penggunaan Talking Stick sebagai media pembelajaran di SDN 1 Alasmalang meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPAS kelas III. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Talking Stick, Hasil Belajar, IPAS

The aim of this study is to determine whether the timing of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) administration, relative to scaling and root planing (SRP), influences the clinical and microbiological outcomes of periodontal treatment. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, subjects with stage III/IV periodontitis were assigned to receive SRP over 14 days with either (1) MTZ+AMX three times a day (TID) during SRP followed by placebo (early antibiotic group) or (2) placebo during SRP followed by MTZ + AMX TID immediately after SRP (late antibiotic group). Clinical parameters (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], visible plaque, bleeding on probing, suppuration) were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 1 year. Subgingival biofilm samples from nine sites per subject were individually analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization targeting 40 bacterial species. Bacterial correlation networks were constructed using SparCC and visualized in Cytoscape based on the bacterial abundance. Sixty-eight subjects were included in the study, with 34 per group. Both groups achieved comparable clinical improvements. Approximately 60% of participants in each group reached the primary treatment endpoint at 1 year (≤4 sites with PD ≥ 5mm at 1 year; p>0.05), and the reductions in PD and CAL did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). Microbiologically, the early antibiotic group demonstrated faster and more pronounced ecological reorganization, with reduced centrality of red and orange complex species and earlier integration of health-associated taxa such as Actinomyces spp. In contrast, the late group showed slower microbial restructuring, with Actinomyces taxa remaining entangled with orange-complex organisms and persistent dysbiotic clusters dominated by Fusobacterium subspecies. While the timing of antibiotic administration relative to SRP did not influence the overall clinical efficacy of periodontal treatment, initiating antibiotics on the first day of mechanical debridement promoted a more rapid and beneficial restructuring of the subgingival microbial community. When treating severe gum disease, dentists often combine deep cleaning with antibiotics to help eliminate harmful bacteria. However, the best time to give these antibiotics-at the start or the end of the cleaning process-has never been tested. This study compared two approaches in 68 patients with advanced gum disease: one group received antibiotics during their cleaning sessions over 2 weeks, while the other received them immediately after cleaning finished. Both groups showed similar improvements in gum health after 1 year, with about over half achieving successful treatment outcomes. However, analyzing the bacterial communities revealed an interesting difference: patients who started antibiotics early experienced faster and more thorough changes in their mouth bacteria. Their harmful bacteria disappeared more quickly, and beneficial bacteria formed a stable, protective community sooner. In contrast, the late-antibiotic group showed slower bacterial changes, with beneficial bacteria remaining mixed with harmful ones for longer. While both timing strategies work clinically, starting antibiotics at the beginning of treatment may help to establish a healthier, more stable bacterial community in the gums, potentially offering better long-term protection against disease recurrence.

To identify patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) and their outcome measures (PROMs and CROMs) used in prospective studies comparing immediate, early, and delayed implant loading protocols in edentulous maxilla patients receiving implant-supported prostheses. Protocol-driven electronic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane databases-January 2014 to May 2024-to identify prospective interventional and observational studies comparing immediate, early, delayed implant loading in maxillary edentulous patients. Zygomatic implants were excluded. Risk of bias was performed using Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and results were reported descriptively. Five studies were included, of which four compared immediate versus delayed loading and one study compared immediate versus early loading. PROMs like visual analog scale (VAS) tool (reported in 80%) to evaluate 7 PROs: pain, overall satisfaction, comfort, speech, masticatory function, esthetics, and self-esteem. Three studies reported Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-19, OHIP-20), McGill Pain Questionnaire, and condition-specific instruments assessing two outcomes: chewing ability and muscular activity during oral functions. ClinROs varied considerably between studies, demonstrating significant methodological diversity. ClinROs included implant stability, accuracy, occlusal parameters, periodontal health metrics, surgical outcomes, and esthetic evaluation via VAS. PROs were predominantly assessed using VAS to evaluate patient satisfaction, pain, function, and esthetics, followed by the OHIP Questionnaire for quality-of-life assessment in immediate versus early/delayed loading protocols. ClinROs showed no standardized approach, creating significant heterogeneity in the reported outcomes. Standardization of assessment methods and reporting of PROMs/CROMs is needed to optimize analyzing patient-centered outcomes.

BackgroundThe prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differs across various populations, and the sensitization rate can change constantly as new products are introduced to the market. The current Brazilian standard series of patch tests has been used for over two decades. Therefore, the development of a new Brazilian standard series is important to ensure that contact tests remain a reliable diagnostic tool.MethodsA Brazilian multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted using a modified series of patch tests between 2023 and 2025. The factors under study were the substances used in the contact tests, and the outcomes were the frequencies of positivity and relevance. Demographic and clinical variables of the participants, who had contact dermatitis without a defined etiology prior to the tests, were evaluated. The required sample size was defined as 523 patients, estimating the prevalence of positivity with a 1.8% confidence interval. Wald's test was considered a 95% confidence level and a 1% expected prevalence of positivity.ResultsA total of 567 participants were included, 77.3% female, with a mean age of 53.3 years, and most belonged to phototypes II, III, and IV. Cleaning services were the most frequent occupational activity, and 43.3% of patients had a personal history of atopy. The overall reactivity of the tests was 69.3%, with 70.2% relevance. Nickel sulfate was the most frequently reactive allergen (28.9%), and 29 substances reached at least 1% positivity.LimitationsLack of representatives from all regions of Brazil and absence of prospective follow-up.ConclusionThe authors propose a new Brazilian standard series of patch tests, with 40 substances, considering the 29 that achieved 1% positivity and another 11 with clinical importance and supported by current literature as emerging and current allergens.

Schistosomiasis affects nearly 250 million people, primarilyinlow-income regions. Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals,the WHO roadmap highlights the urgent need for new therapeutic alternativesto praziquantel, the only available drug for schistosomiasis treatment.Natural products, including γ-lactones from Annonaceae species,have shown promising anthelmintic activity. The present work aimedto investigate the anthelmintic potential of the natural acetogenin3-hydroxy-4-methylene-2-(n-eicos-11′-yn-19′-enyl)­but-2-enolide(HMB) isolated from Porcelia macrocarpa seeds, againstSchistosoma mansoni. HMB was characterized by NMR and ESI-HRMS analysis, andits toxicity was assessed using mammalian cell lines and Caenorhabditis elegans. HMB exhibited schistosomicidalactivity in vitro (EC50 = 19.3–24.6μg/mL) with no detectable toxicity. in vivo, a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg resulted in a 92.9% reduction inworm burden, which exceeded the 88.2% reduction achieved with praziquantel.Additionally, a 94–100% reduction in egg burden was achieved.Remarkably, the efficacy of HMB was maintained at lower doses. Forexample, a 65% reduction in worm burden was achieved at 100 mg/kg,whereas praziquantel achieved only 15% at the same dose. Therefore,HMB from P. macrocarpa exhibits potentantischistosomal efficacy in vivo, supporting theirfurther development as promising candidates for schistosomiasis therapy.

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare congenital malformation in dogs and cats that affects the diaphragm and the pericardial sac, resulting in communication between the abdominal and thoracic cavities. There is no consensus regarding the origin of this condition; however, the most widely accepted theory suggests a failure in the embryonic development of the transverse septum. Clinical signs may or may not be present in affected patients. A definitive diagnosis is established through complementary imaging examinations. Two treatment approaches are available: conservative and surgical. This case report describes a 7-year-old asymptomatic male mixed-breed dog in which a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was incidentally diagnosed during preoperative examinations. The patient underwent surgical correction, which was completed without complications. The postoperative outcome was satisfactory, with favorable clinical progression to date.