Hamline University

The proliferation of sexual discourses in the digital age, accompanied by ongoing media panics over the perceived adverse effects of online sexual content, reflects persistent societal tensions about technology’s role in shaping sexual norms. While previous research has examined the spread of sexual advice on social media, there is limited understanding of how users engage with and reshape this advice. This study addresses this gap by analyzing how TikTok users interact with sex experts through a qualitative content analysis of top videos and their most-liked comments (n = 500). Our analysis reveals 4 mechanisms by which users engage with sexual advice: (1) challenging and validating expert authority, (2) collaboratively co-producing knowledge, (3) debating norms of intimacy and pleasure, and (4) finding and sharing emotional support and solidarity. Through these interactions, expertise on TikTok becomes a collective and evolving form of knowledge production.

本報では，コーヒー生豆からのカフェイン除去を目的とした超臨界CO2抽出において，抽出処理に加え，その後の乾燥処理にも着目し，糖残存率および官能評価を通じて各種処理条件の影響を検討した．まず，事前含水処理の含水率は40 wt%が最適であり，抽出率は高温・高圧条件で向上することが明らかとなった．CO2流量については，低流量ほど単位CO2使用量あたりの抽出効率が高い傾向が見られたが，最も低い流量条件では抽出に大幅な時間を要した．一方，抽出ラインに水飽和セルを導入することで，抽出中の乾燥を防ぎ，抽出率を大きく改善できることが確認された．さらに，抽出後に湿度を制御しながら乾燥処理を行った結果，糖の損失は最大で約50%に達したが，官能評価では未処理生豆と比較しても高い評価を得ていたことから，糖以外の成分の寄与も含めた総合的な品質評価の重要性が示唆された．

To characterize experiences with family contestation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) and collate strategies for navigating contested cases. PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo (EBSCO), Scopus, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), and Web of Science were searched in consultation with an informationist for terms related to BD/DNC and contestation. The search was updated through January 2025. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews methodology was used. Eligible manuscripts detailed experiences with a contested BD/DNC case(s). Empirical research examining clinical or legal aspects of BD/DNC contestation was eligible, as were professional society guidelines. Two authors independently screened abstracts and full texts. Exclusion criteria included fictionalized cases, case commentaries from authors without direct involvement in the case, publications before 2014, and cases involving pregnant patients. We created a data extraction tool in Covidence to organize and store data. We screened 10,577 abstracts and identified 26 eligible publications, including eight case reports or case series, 13 research studies, and five professional society guidelines or position papers. Twenty publications came from the United States. The circumstances of BD/DNC contestation varied, ranging from hours-long requests to permit the arrival of family members to protracted litigation. Primary teams consulted multidisciplinary personnel when conflict arose, including palliative care, ethics, social work, legal, hospital chaplaincy, and community religious support. However, few details were provided regarding the perceived utility of these services. Clinicians and hospital personnel desired concrete institutional and legal guidance for addressing contestation. Clinicians report encountering BD/DNC contestation. Detailed, flexible management approaches are necessary, but data and recommendations to guide management are lacking. Understanding optimal responses is impeded by the variable circumstances and family actions that are described as contestation. Adequately developing and disseminating management strategies will require consistent definitions and usage of key terms, as well as additional multidisciplinary and participatory scholarship.

The efficacy of economic development policies in supporting struggling regions, like West Virginia, often depends on the relationship between the labor force participation rate (LFPR) and unemployment rate (UR). Policies aimed at raising wages, providing unemployment benefits, and implementing employment protections might increase long-term unemployment and perpetuate economic hardship (Layard et al. 2005). This study investigates the cointegration between LFPR and UR, considering structural breaks, to understand the dynamics between these two labor market indicators in West Virginia. Analyzing monthly data from 1976 to 2022, we find that the Unemployment Invariance Hypothesis (UIH) is valid for West Virginia. This means that significant financial investments, various economic development initiatives, and temporary increases in labor force participation due to economic shocks counterbalance the persistent discouraged worker effect (DWE). Consequently, West Virginia should focus on long-term strategies prioritizing job creation and reintegrating individuals who have exited the workforce. Such an approach can foster economic growth and break the region’s economic distress cycle.