Harran University

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of medical leech treatment (MLT) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in the lower extremities ofrats. A total of 18 Wistar Albino rats were used and randomly assigned to three groups: Sham (n=6), I/R (n=6), and MLT (n=6). The I/R group rats underwent I/R induction in the femoral artery using an atraumatic vascular clamp. The same was done for the MLT group, after which MLT was carried out on the gastrocnemius muscle region of each rat. Histopathological analysis of the tissue and biochemical analysis was performed on the serum and tissue samples of the rats of eachgroup. According to the histopathological analysis, the scores of edema, degeneration, necrosis and inflammation of the MLT group were significantly lower than the I/R group (p<0.001). In the tissue and serum biochemical analysis, no statistically significant differences were detected among groups for interleukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and endothelin-1 (EDN-1) levels. Although biochemical analysis results showed no significant differences among the groups, the histopathological analysis suggests notable clinical therapeutic effects of MLT in I/R models. Further research is warranted to substantiate these findings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal region-of-interest (ROI) pixel size for fractal dimension analysis on panoramic radiographs that best reflects implant stability assessed by resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) and to investigate whether implant stability can be directly estimated from radiographic images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 65 patients for whom panoramic radiographs and resonance frequency analysis measurements were available. All panoramic images were converted to TIFF format and standardized to a resolution of 2627 × 1646 pixels. All radiographic images were obtained using the same panoramic imaging device and standardized acquisition protocol. Exposure parameters were adjusted within the manufacturer’s recommended range to ensure optimal image quality while maintaining methodological consistency across patients. During ROI selection, care was taken to avoid cortical bone margins, overlapping anatomical structures, and radiographic artifacts in order to ensure that the analyzed regions represented trabecular bone adjacent to the implant surface. Fractal dimension analysis was performed in the cervical peri-implant bone region, starting from the first bone–implant contact and extending apically, using three different ROI configurations. The ROI size was defined as 30 pixels apically and 10 pixels horizontally for FMD1, 30 × 20 pixels for FMD2, and 30 × 30 pixels for FMD3. Implant stability was assessed using ISQ values. Data distribution was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Associations between ISQ and fractal dimension measurements were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to assess independent associations. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.0 ± 9.9 years, and the mean ISQ value was 78.6 ± 5.9. The mean fractal dimension values were 1.466 ± 0.055 for FMD1, 1.595 ± 0.031 for FMD2, and 1.655 ± 0.046 for FMD3. No significant association was found between ISQ and FMD1 or FMD3. A weak positive correlation was observed between ISQ and FMD2; however, this association did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. In multiple linear regression analysis, ISQ was identified as an independent predictor of FMD2, but not of FMD1 or FMD3. Age and sex had no significant effect on fractal dimension measurements. Conclusions: Fractal dimension measurements derived from panoramic radiographs showed a weak association with implant stability that was dependent on the selected ROI pixel size. Among the evaluated configurations, the 30 × 20-pixel ROI at the cervical peri-implant region demonstrated the strongest association with ISQ values, suggesting that this ROI configuration showed the most consistent association with ISQ values among the tested ROI sizes.

Abstract This study examines the role of socially responsible investment (SRI) in education. Using bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review, it was found that while SRI has received increasing attention over the years, studies focusing specifically on education are limited. The findings demonstrate that SRI has the potential to enhance students’ ethical awareness and foster a sense of social responsibility. The importance of educational institutions in raising responsible individuals for the future is emphasized, particularly through the development of SRI-focused curricula and projects. Furthermore, interdisciplinary research is required to address the existing gaps in this area.

Af, belirli bir suçtan hüküm giymiş suçluların tamamının ya da bir kısmının cezasının çektirilmesine son verilmesi veya cezasının bir kısmının infazından vazgeçilmesidir. Devletin, hukuki normların belirleyicisi olduğu dönemlerden beri çeşitli gerekçelerle af ilanına başvurulmuştur. Cumhuriyet öncesi Türk devletlerinde olduğu gibi Cumhuriyet döneminde de devam eden bu uygulama biri genel af ve diğeri de özel af olmak üzere iki kategoride hayata geçirilmiştir. Bunlardan genel af ilanı sadece TBMM’nin yetkisi dahilinde iken özel af ilanı hususunda ise TBMM’nin yanı sıra 1924 Anayasası’nın 42. Maddesi gereğince Cumhurbaşkanı da yetkili kılınmıştır. Yapılan literatür taramasında Atatürk dönemi özel af kararlarını müstakil ve ayrıntılı bir şekilde inceleyen, affedilenlere ilişkin istatistiksel verileri gün ışığına çıkartan bir çalışmaya rastlanılamamıştır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın başlıca amacı, Atatürk dönemi özel af kararlarını (1924-1938) arşiv belgeleri ışığında ele almak ve bu kararlar kapsamında affedilenlere ilişkin kimlik, cezaevi, hükümlülük süresi vb. bilgileri belirleyerek af tarihi ile ilgili istatistiksel verileri literatüre kazandırmaktır.

This experimental study investigates the feasibility of recycling the autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) waste as a fine aggregate in fly ash/silica fume-based geopolymer composites to address the environmental challenges of AAC disposal. In this regard, the microstructural and engineering characteristics were evaluated in detail. To produce geopolymer composites, natural sand was partially replaced with recycled AAC (r-AAC) sand in 10% increments, up to 60% by volume. Three different particle size distributions (0.125–4 mm, 0.125–2 mm, and 0.125–1 mm) were examined to assess the influence of aggregate size on composite performance. To mitigate potential degradation due to the incorporation of r-AAC sand, 10% silica fume (SF) was incorporated as a precursor by mass. A total of 38 geopolymer mixtures were produced using a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as an alkaline activator. The engineering properties, including workability, unit weight, and compressive strength, were evaluated alongside comprehensive microstructural analyses using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), mapping, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that increasing r-AAC content and decreasing the particle size led to a decrease in 28-day compressive strength; however, the addition of SF enhanced the mechanical performance. Microstructural findings confirmed a reduction in matrix compactness with higher r-AAC replacement, directly impacting the material performance. The study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing r-AAC in geopolymers while highlighting the critical role of particle size and SF addition.

The study sheds light on the subtle interactions among financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the quality of regulatory frameworks, with particular reference to their deep influence on renewable energy use and carbon emissions across 22 developed countries from 2002–2021. The results show an interesting tendency: Financial development and FDI will reduce reliance on renewable energy, whereas a significant increase in GDP per capita will increase reliance. Secondly, carbon emissions have a negative association with the adoption of renewable energy and financial development, though both reduce environmental quality; there is a positive relation between real gross domestic product (GDP) and energy depletion in terms of these toxic emissions. The significant role of regulatory quality as a moderator in this process is particularly striking. There is a direct correlation between financial stability and more robust regulation, resulting in reduced financial liquidity available for investing in renewable projects and restricting the free flow of clean FDI. Crucially, the paper argues that when combined with strong regulation, FDI is more likely to contribute to reductions in emissions, while FYGD, nevertheless regulated at a high level of quality, should raise emissions. Winding up, the result indicates that neither financial depth nor institutional quality, in isolation, is sufficient to deliver significant environmental improvement. Thus, it is urgent to adopt sound green finance policies and to formulate focused regulatory systems that integrate financial development and foreign direct investment with a broader sustainability agenda.