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Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is a heterogeneous cognitive impairment caused by small vessel disease. Diagnosis of SVCI remains challenging when neuropsychological assessment is impractical. This study proposes a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based DenseNet to identify SVCI from subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) and to profile multidomain cognitive risks. We collected neuropsychological scales and DTI from 134 SVCI and 171 SIVD patients in our internal dataset for model development. An external target-domain dataset of 90 SVCI and 103 SIVD patients was used for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). Within this dataset, 45 SVCI and 53 SIVD patients were used for unlabeled UDA fitting; the remaining 45 SVCI and 50 SIVD patients were held out as a target-domain test set. Model-generated salient maps identified white matter (WM) regions associated with SVCI. Mutual information (MI) maps between DTI and 6 neuropsychological scales were computed to identify structural correlates of cognitive domains for cognitive profiling. We computed structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between individual-level salient maps derived from DenseNet and the MI maps for unsupervised clustering to stratify domain-specific cognitive impairment risk in SVCI. The DenseNet achieves high accuracy (0.902 internal, 0.926 target-domain) with AUCs of 0.951 and 0.942, respectively. SVCI probabilities reflect cognitive severity, and salient maps are associated with neuropsychological performance. Regarding cognitive profiling, each cognitive domain is divided into low, moderate, and high subgroups, with significantly different SSIM. Our DTI-based study demonstrates accurate SVCI identification and individualized multi-domain cognitive profiling. This offers a complementary framework to support diagnosis and personalized intervention.

Following the LEAP and PETIT studies demonstrating that early allergen introduction can prevent food allergies, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare revised its weaning guideline in 2019. The updated guideline recommended earlier egg introduction and noted that delaying specific foods may increase allergy risk. This study examined trends in the timing of solid food introduction among Japanese infants before and after this revision. We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the parenting application Papatto Ikuji collected between 2014 and 2023. After excluding outliers and errors, 59,433 infants were analyzed. The age at solid food introduction was examined by birth year. From 2014 to 2018, the age distribution showed two peaks at 5 and 6 months. After 2019, the 6-month peak declined, leaving a single 5-month peak by 2021. These findings suggest that national guideline revisions substantially influenced caregivers' feeding behaviors, leading to earlier solid food introduction in Japan.

Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with profound malnutrition, multisystem medical complications, and one of the highest mortality rates among mental illnesses. Despite decades of research into its biological and neurocognitive mechanisms, effective pharmacological treatments remain limited. While systematic reviews synthesize results from published studies, clinical trial registries offer a complementary perspective by capturing ongoing research efforts, discontinued studies, and emerging therapeutic strategies that may not yet be reflected in the published literature. Objective This study aimed to characterize the landscape of clinical research in AN by systematically analyzing studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov . Methods We conducted a structured analysis of studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov related to AN. Trial characteristics, including study design, intervention type, phase classification, geographic distribution, and recruitment status, were extracted and analyzed using an automated text-based classification pipeline. Results Nearly 400 studies investigating AN were identified over the past 25 years. Approximately 71% were classified as interventional studies; however, a large proportion were not associated with conventional clinical trial phases, suggesting that many registered trials correspond to mechanistic or exploratory investigations rather than therapeutic development programs. The geographic distribution of studies revealed a strong predominance of North America and Western Europe. A substantial proportion of trials were terminated or discontinued, highlighting the significant challenges associated with conducting interventional studies in this population. Observational studies generally included larger sample sizes than interventional trials. Conclusions Registry-based analyses provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of clinical research in AN. Despite considerable scientific activity, important gaps remain between mechanistic knowledge and the development of therapeutic interventions. Understanding these gaps may help inform future translational research strategies aimed at improving treatment options for this severe disorder.

Introduction Osteoporosis of the femoral neck contributes significantly to hip fracture risk and remains challenging to treat due to the limitations of systemic pharmacotherapies. We investigated whether direct intra-medullary visualization of the femoral neck is feasible and could support localized therapeutic delivery. Methods Four cadaveric femoral specimens were evaluated. A guidewire was placed into the femoral neck under biplanar fluoroscopy, followed by canal access using a 5 mm reamer. A 4 mm standard arthroscope was inserted, and the cavity was irrigated and debrided using a 3.5 mm shaver and a radiofrequency probe. Tetracycline and Alizarin Red dyes were instilled and visualized under ultraviolet and green light, respectively. Results The intramedullary cavity of the femoral neck was easily accessed and visualized. Loose cancellous bone, fibrous, and adipose tissue were observed and removed. The inferior femoral neck appeared softer than the superior portion. Bi-portal access allowed effective irrigation, visualization, and working space maintenance. Fluorochrome-based imaging revealed patchy areas of fluorescence, demonstrating potential for localized labeling and future targeted delivery. No obstruction to fluid inflow or visualization was noted. Discussion Intraosseous visualization enabled both structural assessment and localized labeling of the femoral neck intramedullary canal. This approach may support novel future strategies to prevent fractures of the femoral neck from osteoporosis. Conclusion This pilot cadaveric study demonstrates that the femoral neck intramedullary canal can be accessed and visualized using standard arthroscopic tools. This approach allows for real-time visualization and cavity preparation, providing a potential route for targeted osteoporosis therapies. Further development of endoscopic imaging systems and localized delivery agents may enable biologic reconstruction of compromised bone while minimizing systemic exposure.

Social media has become embedded in students' daily routines, raising continued questions about how online engagement relates to psychological self-evaluations. This study examined social media use, self-esteem, and body image among Psychology students tution in Bulacan, Philippines. Using a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 192 students selected through stratified random sampling. A structured questionnaire measured social media use (habitual ne, social gratification/validation, emotional and psychological dependence), self-esteem (performance, social, and appearance self-esteem), and body image (body appreciation, physical appearance, and body shape/social physique). Internal comistency reliability indices were acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's a = 0.854 - 0.94 ) Descriptive results indicated moderate social media use (composite M = 3.37 SD 0.44) and moderate self-esteem (composite M = 3.35 SD = 0.67 , alongside generally high body image (composite M 3.70, SD=0.63), particularly in body appreciationPearson correlation analysis showed no significa showed no significant association between social media use and self-esteem Cr = 0.094 p = 0.193 ) and no significant association between social media use and body image (r=0.0.38, p = 0.602 ) In contrast-demonstrated a moderate, statistically significant positive relationship with body image (r = 0.451, p < 0.001) , Findings suggest that, in this cohort, body image is more closely aligned with intemal self-evaluative overall social media use as broadly measured. Implications include strengthening student self-esteem and reflective digital practices through guidance-based programming, with future research encouraged to examine content-specific exposure and social comparison processes. Based on the findings, a guidance-based program (REAL: Recognize, Evaluate, Accept, and Live) is proposed for future implementation and evaluation to support self-esteem, body appreciation, and reflective digital engagement.

Summary Acquired brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. Due to the impact of acquired brain injury on an individual's and a family's functioning, social workers are likely to encounter individuals and families affected by the condition. This study aimed to (1) identify the existing level of knowledge and skills of social workers in working with individuals with acquired brain injury and their families and (2) examine the training needs of social workers to improve their knowledge and skills in working with those with acquired brain injury. A series of semi-structured interviews with newly qualified social workers (six), brain injury specialist social workers (nine), team leaders (two), and commissioners (three) were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings The data highlighted that social workers in England and Wales have no formal training around acquired brain injury but felt there was a need for different levels of training and guidance for social workers. Participants also discussed the need for better integration with health care and a greater focus on relational working to enact positive change for individuals and families. Applications Social work training should be embedded within prequalification training with additional postqualification training where appropriate. Work and training within social work should take an interdisciplinary approach. The authors have taken the data to develop a freely available online training program for social workers.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of diabetes-specific eating disorders (EDs) and disease acceptance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to examine their associations with metabolic control and anthropometric measurements. Material and Methods: A total of 73 adolescent with T1DM (11-19 years) participated. Data were collected face to face using questionnaires on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R), and Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (AADQ). Biochemical results and anthropometric measurements were obtained from medical records and direct assessment. Data were analyzed via SPSS and JASP. Results: Nearly half of the participants (45.2%) were at high risk for diabetes-specific EDs. The mean DEPS-R score was 21.3±12.0, and the mean AADQ score was 47.6±9.7. Skipping main meals was associated with higher DEPS-R scores (p=0.025) and lower AADQ scores (p=0.009). A weak negative correlation was found between HbA1c and AADQ score (r=-0.280, p=0.018). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of adolescents with T1DM are at high risk for EDs, and poor disease acceptance is linked to worse metabolic control. These findings underscore the importance of routine screening for disordered eating in clinical practice and the potential value of incorporating psychological flexibility-based interventions to improve outcomes.

Background: Anterior elbow dislocation is a rare injury, accounting for a small minority of elbow dislocations, and is frequently associated with high‑energy trauma and complex structural damage. Its rarity contributes to diagnostic uncertainty and challenges in management, particularly when compared with more common posterior dislocation patterns. Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the radiologic evaluation, diagnostic considerations, clinical features, and management strategies of anterior elbow dislocation, highlighting key principles that optimize patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative review approach was employed, synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights related to elbow anatomy, mechanisms of injury, epidemiology, diagnostic imaging, management options, rehabilitation protocols, and prognosis. Special attention was given to differentiating anterior elbow dislocation from other traumatic elbow conditions. Results: Anterior elbow dislocation typically results from a fall onto a flexed elbow with an anteriorly directed force and is commonly associated with fractures, ligamentous disruption, and neurovascular injury. Accurate diagnosis relies on meticulous clinical assessment and appropriate radiographic imaging, including standard elbow views and adjunct imaging when indicated. Early closed reduction remains the cornerstone of management in acute cases, followed by short‑term immobilization and early mobilization. Surgical intervention is reserved for unstable, chronic, or fracture‑associated dislocations. Delayed treatment and prolonged immobilization are strongly associated with stiffness and functional limitation. Conclusion: Timely recognition, prompt reduction, careful neurovascular assessment, and structured rehabilitation are critical for optimizing outcomes in anterior elbow dislocation. Multidisciplinary coordination enhances recovery and minimizes complications.