Hewlett-Packard (Germany)

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the recommended treatment for Cushing's disease (CD). While low morning serum cortisol (MSeC) indicates early remission, the predictive value of an early postoperative overnight 2mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) remains unclear. This study compares the accuracy of early postoperative MSeC and LDDST for predicting early and long-term remission after TSS. We retrospectively analysed 342 CD surgical cases, who underwent TSS in our department between 2004 and 2024. Morning cortisol measurements were obtained postoperatively. An overnight 2mg LDDST was performed on postoperative day five, in selected cases, preferentially in those without immediate postoperative biochemical remission (MSeC > 50 nmol/L), rather than as a universal screening test. Immediate postoperative biochemical remission (IPBR; MSeC < 50 nmol/L) was achieved in 170 cases (49.7%). LDDST was performed in 197 cases (57.6%), with complete suppression (< 50 nmol/L) in 137 (69.5%). Remission at first follow-up (3-6 months) was significantly higher in cases with IPBR (99.4%) and/or complete LDDST suppression (98.5%) compared to those without (45.0%; p < .0001*). Long-term remission also correlated significantly with postoperative MSeC and LDDST (p < .0001*). ROC analyses confirmed strong predictive accuracy for remission during first FU (AUC MSeC: 0.9229; LDDST: 0.9413) and long-term (AUC MSeC: 0.8267; LDDST: 0.8058). Five-year recurrence risk was 71.1% without LDDST suppression versus 6.8% with suppression. Early postoperative MSeC and LDDST are reliable predictors of remission after TSS in CD. MSeC < 50 nmol/L safely define biochemical remission. LDDST adds diagnostic value, particularly in cases with borderline, normal or elevated MSeC, and should be included in routine postoperative assessment.

High-dimensional grid-based simulations serve as both a tool and a challenge in researching various domains. The main challenge of these approaches is the well-known curse of dimensionality, amplified by the need for fine resolutions in high-fidelity applications. The combination technique (CT) provides a straightforward way of performing such simulations while alleviating the curse of dimensionality. Recent work demonstrated the potential of the CT to join multiple systems simultaneously to perform a single high-dimensional simulation. This paper shows how to extend this to three or more systems and addresses some remaining challenges: load balancing on heterogeneous hardware; utilizing compression to maximize the communication bandwidth; efficient I/O management through hardware mapping; and improving memory utilization through algorithmic optimizations. Combining these contributions, we demonstrate the feasibility of the CT for extreme-scale Superfacility scenarios of 46 trillion DOF on two systems and 35 trillion DOF on three systems. Scenarios at these resolutions would be intractable with full-grid solvers ($\gt1,000$ nonillion DOF each).

Over the last decade both capital costs for the acquisition of modern HPC systems as well as costs to power and cool these systems have increased significantly. In addition to direct operational costs, the investment costs for the infrastructure required to provide the necessary energy and cooling capacity have also risen substantially. In order to shift the ratio between infrastructure costs and system costs in favor of the latter, the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) has decided to size the system Hawk based on energy requirements of typical user workloads. To not overload the data centre's infrastructure the power consumption of the Hawk system has to be constrained. The Hawk system hence is operated as an over-provisioned system where nameplate thermal design power exceeds provisioned power. In this work we explain how the dynamic power management solution called PowerSched which is implemented by Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) at HLRS, is able to balance compute jobs with moderate demands for CPU-power against CPU-power hungry jobs and thus keeps the overall power consumption of the system and its components within the required limits. We elaborate how the solution minimizes power consumption while maximizing the overall performance of all applications executed in the system at any given time. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of the chosen approach and the effects of PowerSched on power consumption at system and component level. Finally, the performance impact at application level is compared against executions with static power capping per CPU and against executions with unconstrained power.

A product of the immediate early gene Arc (Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein or Arc protein) of retroviral ancestry resides in the genome of all tetrapods for millions of years and is expressed endogenously in neurons. It is a well-known protein, very important for synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Activity-dependent Arc expression concentrated in glutamatergic synapses affects the long-time synaptic strength of those excitatory synapses. Because it modulates excitatory-inhibitory balance in a neuronal network, the Arc gene itself was found to be related to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. General Arc knockout rodent models develop a susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Because of activity dependence, synaptic Arc protein synthesis also is affected by seizures. Interestingly, it was found that Arc protein in synapses of active neurons self-assemble in capsids of retrovirus-like particles, which can transfer genetic information between neurons, at least across neuronal synaptic boutons. Released Arc particles can be accumulated in astrocytes after seizures. It is still not known how capsid assembling and transmission timescale is affected by seizures. This scientific field is relatively novel and is experiencing swift transformation as it grapples with difficult concepts in light of evolving experimental findings. We summarize the emergent literature on the subject and also discuss the specific rodent models for studying Arc effects in epilepsy. We summarized both to clarify the possible role of Arc-related pseudo-viral particles in epileptic disorders, which may be helpful to researchers interested in this growing area of investigation.