Hexi University

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2026.1566116.].

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Daphne tangutica</italic> Maxim is a perennial evergreen shrub with significant ornamental and economic value, but its low fruit set rate restricts its development and utilization. To improve breeding and conservation strategies, there is an urgent need to clarify its gametophyte development process and the causes of abortion. Using wild populations as materials, paraffin sectioning and microscopic observation were employed to systematically conduct cytological observations and descriptions of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, male gametophyte development, the type of anther wall development, and embryo sac formation, among others. The microspores of <italic>D. tangutica</italic> are tetrahedral in shape, and mature pollen is mainly of the bicellular type; the anther wall shows basic-type development. The megaspore develops into a Polygonum-type and ultimately forms a Polygonum-type embryo sac, indicating that the female gametophyte functions are basically intact. During the late stage of pollen development, residual material appears in the tapetum (forming continuous or semi-continuous band-like structures along the inner wall of the anther), accompanied by partial anther abortion and the production of non-viable pollen, resulting in a reduced number of fertile pollen grains. Environmental stresses at high altitude, such as low temperatures, strong winds, a short growing season, and restricted pollinator activity, may exacerbate the occurrence of developmental asynchrony and pollen abortion. This study systematically elucidates for the first time the developmental processes of the megaspores and male and female gametophytes of <italic>D. tangutica</italic> , revealing that pollen abortion associated with asynchronous male development and delayed tapetum degradation is one of the main factors leading to low fruit set, whereas the female gametophyte is generally normal. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for embryological studies of <italic>Thymelaeaceae</italic> plants and offer support for determining appropriate pollination timing, improving propagation and breeding schemes, and further investigating the mechanisms of abortion.

BackgroundRhizosphere microorganisms play a critical role in plant growth and medicinal quality, yet their altitudinal patterns and interactions with soil nutrients and bioactive compounds in Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis) remain poorly understood.MethodsUsing Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we analyzed bacterial, fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal, and archaeal diversity across an altitudinal gradient, alongside soil physicochemical characteristics and bioactive components.ResultsAs cultivation elevation increased, bacterial and fungal diversity initially increased significantly and then stabilized (p < 0.05). In contrast, AM fungal and archaeal communities remained relatively stable. Bacterial communities varied significantly across altitudes (stress < 0.1, p = 0.001), as did soil nutrients and enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Bioactive components, except for ferulic acid, varied significantly with altitude. Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that altitude and soil factors are key drivers of microbial community assembly. Mantel tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated significant correlations between soil properties, microbial diversity, and medicinal properties of A. sinensis (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe mid-to high elevation zone (2520–2717 m) was identified as optimal for both yield and bioactive compound accumulation. These findings deepen the understanding of how microbes adapt to different altitudes in medicinal plants and offer a framework for precise cultivation of A. sinensis, thereby supporting the high-altitude symbiosis theory.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of the direct posterior approach (DPA) with seagull-shaped plate fixation for treating posterior wall acetabular fractures.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 17 patients (8 male, 9 female) with posterior wall acetabular fractures treated with DPA seagull-shaped plate fixation was conducted. Postoperative pelvic X-ray imaging and computed tomography were performed, and the quality of acetabular reduction was evaluated using the Matta score. The Merle d’Aubigné & Bone score, as modified by Matta, was used to assess hip joint function.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation surgical incision length, operating time, and intraoperative blood loss were 9.7 ± 0.6 cm, 48.7 ± 9.1 min, and 235.3 ± 65.6 mL, respectively. According to the Matta score, 11 patients achieved excellent reduction quality, and six had good reduction quality, resulting in a 100% combined excellent or good reduction rate. All patients had good fracture healing, with a healing time of 9.7 ± 1.6 weeks. The modified Merle d'Aubigné & Bone score was 17.0 ± 1.6, with 11, 4, 2, and 0 patients rated as excellent, good, fair, and poor, respectively, yielding an 88.2% excellent or good outcome rate. Postoperative complications included fat liquefaction in one patient and deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs of two patients, with an overall complication rate of 17.6%.ConclusionsDPA with seagull-shaped plate fixation provides satisfactory clinical outcomes for posterior wall acetabular fractures, improving patients’ living ability and quality of life.

Cropland change detection (CD) in high-resolution remote sensing images is critical for cropland protection and food security. However, style differences caused by inconsistent imaging conditions (such as season and illumination) and ground object scale differences often lead to high numbers of false and missed detections. Existing approaches, predominantly relying on spatial domain features and a multiscale framework, struggle to address these issues effectively. Therefore, we propose FDFENet, incorporating a Frequency Domain Feature Exchange Module (FFEM) that unifies image styles by swapping the low-frequency components of bitemporal features. A Frequency Domain Aggregation Distribution Module (FDADM) is also introduced as a comparative alternative for handling style discrepancies. Subsequently, a Multiscale Feature Enhancement Module (MSFEM) strengthens feature representation, while a Multiscale Change Perception Module (MSCPM) suppresses non-change information, and the two modules work cooperatively to improve detection sensitivity to multiscale ground objects. Compared with the FDADM, the FFEM exhibits superior parameter efficiency and engineering stability, making it more suitable as the primary solution for long-term deployment. Evaluations on four CD datasets (CLCD, GFSWCLCD, LuojiaSETCLCD, and HRCUSCD) demonstrate that FDFENet outperformed 13 state-of-the-art methods, achieving F1 and IOU scores of 77.09% and 62.72%, 81.81% and 73.63%, 74.47% and 59.32%, and 75.95% and 61.23%, respectively. This demonstrates FDFENet’s effectiveness in addressing style differences and ground object scale differences, enabling high-precision cropland monitoring to support food security and sustainable cropland management.

Altitude-driven environmental changes influence the persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC) via microbial metabolic pathways. However, the degree to which the network robustness of microbial communities directly predicts the persistence of organic carbon in alpine mountain forests remains unclear. This study focused on the Qilian Sabina przewalskii forest, situated along an altitude gradient of 2900–3400 m in the Qilian Mountains, systematically exploring the organization of soil microbial communities, the co-occurrence networks’ robustness, and their predictive capacity for organic carbon storage. The results indicate that altitude, as a critical driving factor, not only alters the physicochemical properties, microbial composition, and diversity of the soil but also significantly impacts its complexity and network robustness. The complexity and robustness of the microbial network are highest in the mid-altitude region (3100–3200 m), which is conducive to the development of robust microbial networks. Both bacterial α diversity and network robustness exhibit positive correlations with SOC, whereas fungal diversity shows a negative correlation with SOC. Furthermore, statistical modeling revealed that indices of microbial co-occurrence network robustness were stronger predictors of SOC storage than classical alpha-diversity indices. The structural equation model reveals that microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) serves as a key mediating factor linking microbial diversity and SOC. Soil characteristics emerge as the primary direct driving factor, whereas the robustness of microbial networks exerts a significant yet minor direct and mediating influence. This study underscores that the robustness of microbial networks, rather than their diversity, is a critical predictor of soil organic carbon in high-altitude mountain forests. It offers a novel theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms of the carbon cycle in mountain forest ecosystems in the context of climate warming.