Hezhou University

This study thoroughly investigates the influence mechanism of n-hexane insolubles (INS) and their blending ratio on product yields during the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal. First, Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis revealed intrinsic relationships between INS content and yields of tar, water, and char. Results indicate significant correlations between INS and tar/char yields, while its effect on water yield is negligible. Subsequently, to further elucidate yield variation patterns under complex operating conditions, variance analysis was employed to investigate the interactive effects of INS and blending ratios on product yields. Findings revealed that different INS-blend combinations significantly altered tar growth rates and coke residue decline trends. Building upon these findings, a nonlinear optimization model was constructed to maximize energy conversion efficiency and product utilization. The Sequential Quadratic Programming (SLSQP) algorithm was employed to identify optimal blending ratios and INS dosage under specified cost and technical constraints. The research outcomes provide scientific theoretical foundations and operational guidance for optimizing biomass energy utilization, enhancing energy efficiency, and achieving sustainable energy production.

ABSTRACT Stress accumulation is the primary cause of structural degradation and performance failure in FeSe 2 ‐based anodes. Therefore, suppressing stress accumulation during cycling is critical for achieving long‐term stability in FeSe 2 ‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, guided by (density functional theory) DFT calculations and Finite‐element simulations, a stress dissipation strategy and successfully implemented it by fabricating a Co 3 B 2 O 6 coating on the FeSe 2 surface is designed. Unlike conventional coating materials, Co 3 B 2 O 6 exhibits superior mechanical strength and stress‐buffering capability to maintain structural stability, effectively dissipating the stress from volume expansion during cycling. Therefore, the modified Co 3 B 2 O 6 @FeSe 2 exhibits a significantly reduced maximum Von Mises stress (72.66 MPa) compared to pristine FeSe 2 (116.83 MPa) at a high current density of 300 mA cm − 2 . In addition, the Co 3 B 2 O 6 coating facilitates fast reaction kinetics by providing multiple migration pathways through its topological structure. As a result, the Co 3 B 2 O 6 ‐3 wt.%@FeSe 2 (Co3@FeSe 2 ) exhibits a superior rate capacity of 578 mAh g − 1 at 20 A g − 1 . Moreover, the assembled NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NFM)//Co3@FeSe 2 full‐cell exhibits excellent cycling stability without noticeable capacity fading after 900 cycles. This work provides a useful insight into stress dissipation by surface modification for the design of high‐performance FeSe 2 ‐based anode materials for SIBs.

Current triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices are effective for monitoring vibration frequency, intensity, and environmental conditions. However, due to structural and operational limitations, they are generally incapable of recognizing detailed vibration waveforms. To address this challenge, we developed a polydimethylsiloxane -encapsulated honeycomb nickel sheet, which enhances triboelectric signal waveform characteristics through a complex interfacial structure. This elastic polymer-metal composite, configured in a closed sandwich structure, enriches waveform detail and significantly improves recognition accuracy. Moreover, the encapsulated architecture stabilizes output signal waveforms under harsh environmental conditions, underscoring its potential for robust, real-world sensing applications in natural environment. Under vibrational excitation, the device output exhibits a series of attenuated peaks. The measured relative errors in frequency monitoring are 0.4-2.2%, 0-1%, and 0.8%-4% at vibration frequencies of 30, 50, and 80Hz, respectively, demonstrating high accuracy across a range of operating conditions. Furthermore, a vibration perception system integrating the TENG-based sensor with data processing and display modules is developed, which enables rapid and accurate recognition of real-time triboelectric signals, achieving a recognition accuracy of approximately 95%. These results demonstrate the system's capability for precise monitoring of equipment operational status via vibration waveform analysis.

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the prominent issues of large workload in the 3D digital modeling of ancient Chinese wooden architectural components and the difficulty in achieving the dynamic inheritance of craftsmanship. It proposes a digital translation path for ancient wooden architectural components: craftsmanship – program code—3D model. Focusing on the dougong components of Qing Dynasty architecture, the study expresses the craftsmanship of dougong components in program code and imports this code into Dynamo software to generate 3D models of architectural components. By training AI on the rules of architectural component craftsmanship and their corresponding program codes, the objective is to achieve automated AI-generated 3D models of dougong components. The introduction of AIGC technology significantly reduces the workload of manual coding and modeling, enhancing the efficiency of the digital translation of craftsmanship. Furthermore, by analyzing the evolution patterns of similar architectural components, the paper proposes parametric and normalized modeling methods for 3D modeling of architectural components from the perspective of the digital expression of craftsmanship, reducing the storage space required for the databases of craftsmanship codes and 3D models of architectural components.

Allergic rhinitis is driven by type 2 inflammation, in which group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a central role by producing inflammatory cytokines.Conversely, activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is known to promote a type 1 inflammatory response, which may counteract allergic processes.This study aimed to investigate whether the TLR7 agonist resiquimod (R848) could modulate ILC2s and A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p talleviate allergic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.We found that treatment with R848 increased the proportion of ILC2s in the blood, spleen, and nasal tissues.Surprisingly, this was accompanied by a decrease in GATA3, a master regulator of type 2 inflammation, and an increase in ROR, a transcription factor associated with other immune pathways.Furthermore, R848 reduced the levels of the potent type 2 cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) while increasing thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine with complex roles in immunity.These findings suggest that activating TLR7 with R848 does not simply eliminate ILC2s but instead reprograms their function and surrounding environment.This research is significant as it reveals a novel immunomodulatory strategy that could shift the immune response away from a harmful type 2 state, offering a promising new therapeutic avenue for allergic rhinitis.

CuO/TiO2 is a highly active visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The precise structural regulation of TiO2 and the quantum dot-scale loading strategy of CuO have long been researching hotspots and challenges. This work presents an ingenious synthetic strategy, leveraging the photoinduced superhydrophilicity and dark-induced reversible hydrophobicity of TiO2, coupled with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as “seeds” to induce the in situ synthesis of CuO quantum dots (CuO QDs). Specifically, CuO QDs with an average diameter of 5–10 nm were successfully anchored onto TiO2 nanowire arrays (TNWAs) with a diameter of 10–15 nm. By adjusting the dosage of “seeds” (CQDs), the loading amount of CuO QDs can be effectively controlled. Corresponding characterizations were performed, including ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy) for optical absorption properties, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for photoluminescent behavior, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for free radical generation capability, and bisphenol A (BPA) degradation assays for photocatalytic performance. Loading 4.78 wt% CuO QDs can effectively inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs in TNWAs. Simultaneously, it prolongs the lifetime of charge carriers (photoelectrons) and enhances the yields of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−). The BPA degradation efficiency of the CuO QDs/TNWA composite is 2.4 times higher than that of TNWAs. Furthermore, we found that the loading of CuO QDs significantly modulates the depletion layer width of the P–N heterojunction, and the underlying mechanism has been discussed in detail.

Understanding rhizosphere microscale processes is essential for evaluating plant–soil interactions under heavy metal stress. In this study, planar optode imaging was used to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of O2, pH, and CO2 in the rhizosphere of Celosia argentea, a Cd hyperaccumulator, grown in Cd-contaminated and uncontaminated soils. The results demonstrated pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with O2 hotspots concentrated near root surfaces, localized rhizospheric alkalinization at root tips, and elevated CO2 levels reflecting active root metabolism. Under Cd stress, O2 levels were initially suppressed, while pH and CO2 increased, indicating adaptive physiological responses. As plant growth progressed, O2-enriched zones expanded, pH elevation persisted, and CO2 efflux continued, suggesting coordinated regulation of the rhizospheric microenvironment. These changes may influence microbial activity and nutrient dynamics in the rhizosphere, potentially supporting root function and plant adaptation under metal stress. This study provides mechanistic insights into root-induced microenvironmental regulation under Cd stress and demonstrates the potential of planar optode imaging for assessing plant-driven remediation processes in contaminated soils.