Holografika (Hungary)

The paper presents an analysis of selected elements of the criminal act stipulated in Article 202 § 1 of the Criminal Code. The analysis was designed to assess whether the cited provision is structured in such a way that it adequately protects such rights as sexual freedom, decency or morality. The regulation being the subject matter of this paper appears to be necessary, but it requires certain amendments.

Light field displays enable glasses-free 3D visualization without major constraints regarding the number of simultaneous viewers. There are numerous potential future use case contexts for such devices. Industrial contexts include prototype review and other types of modeling use cases, where the visualized content may vary a lot in terms of complexity and dimensions. However, the perception of 3D models with higher structural fidelity may be severely affected by the ray density of visualization. Furthermore, as the visualized content is always the sharpest in the plane of the screen of the light field display, rendering with greater depth may already result in blurred regions even if the angular resolution is high. In this paper, the effect of angular resolution and 3D rendering on the perceived quality of the industrial use cases of light field visualization is explored via a subjective study. The structurally-diverse source contents are rendered with different depth values, and the resulting test stimuli are created in seven extents of angular resolution, ranging between 0.5 degrees and 2 degrees. The obtained results not only exhibit the combined effect of the investigated features, but also highlight methodological considerations.

Suhu permukaan laut dan salinitas merupakan parameter kunci oseanografi yang berperan untuk menilai kondisi ekologi lingkungan perairan, terutama di daerah perairan dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial suhu dan salinitas permukaan di perairan Ranooha Raya. Metode penelitian menggunakan Hand Refraktometer dan Termometer untuk pengukuran langsung sampel air pada kedalaman 0-2 m. Analisis spasial distribusi suhu dan salinitas permukaan laut menggunakan teknik interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai suhu permukaan laut cenderung homogen berkisar antara 28-30 0C pada saat pasang dan 29-32 0C pada saat surut. Nilai variasi salinitas permukaan laut cukup lebar berkisar antara 22-30 ppt yang diperoleh pada saat pasang dan berkisar antara 15-31 ppt pada saat surut. Distribusi nilai suhu dan salinitas permukaan laut menunjukkan bahwa semakin menjauhi garis pantai nilainya semakin tinggi. Faktor-faktor lingkungan, seperti presipitasi, evaporasi dan masukkan air tawar dari beberapa aliran sungai mempengaruhi perubahan nilai suhu dan salinitas perairan. Kata kunci: Analisis Spasial, Distribusi Spasial, Ranooha Raya, Salinitas Permukaan Laut, Suhu Permukaan Laut

Light field visualization is an emerging 3D technology that does not rely on viewing devices, such as special glasses. Without the need for such additional devices, multiple users may simultaneously enjoy the glasses-free 3D experience from a virtually infinite number of viewing positions, as the motion parallax is continuous and smooth. Although this immensely valuable property of light field displays does enable a great deal of viewing freedom, the proper perception of the visualized content still depends on the position of the observer. Position in this context determines the distance and the angle of the observer, with respect to the screen of the display. The validity of the latter is relatively straightforward to assess: if the observer is viewing the screen from inside the angle set by the field of view of the display, then the content shall be seen from its perceptually correct angle. However, the fundamental issue with the underinvestigated topic of viewing distance is that light field visualization may lose its 3D nature if viewed from a far-away position. This is due to the fact that in such a case, a single point of the screen may emit identical rays of light towards the two pupils of the observer. Therefore, the deficiency of disparity, the lack of distinct rays may lead to a 2D visual experience, nullifying the core scientific contribution of this technology. Of course, moving sideways in front of a horizontal-only-parallax display may, in fact, induce a 3D experience via the natural sense of parallax, but it should be applicable regardless of movement. Needless to say, in a multitude of professional environments, the users of such displays are not expected to be highly mobile during the work-related utilization of the technology. However, at the time of this paper, merely a few publications of the scientific literature address the topic of viewing distance, and standardization efforts are still in a rather early phase. Summa summarum, light field displays need clear guidelines with regard to viewing distance, which may benefit both the manufacturers and the users. Such guiding principles may make development and production more cost-efficient and user-oriented, and may contribute to the increased efficiency of usage-focused display design. In this paper, we provide a series of recommendations on the viewing distance of light field displays. The displays are separately analyzed within the context of their own use cases, taking into account the key performance indicators of both the apparatus and the visualized content, the various environmental conditions, as well as the relevant use-case-scenario-specific necessities and the professional requirements. The investigated use cases include medical imaging, telepresence, resource exploration, prototype review, training and education, gaming, digital signage, cinematography, cultural heritage exhibition, air traffic control and driver assistance systems.

At the time of this paper, the advances in light field technology already offer 3D displays that immerse the users without the need for additional viewing devices. Despite the numerous advantages and attractive capabilities of such glasses-free 3D displays, their user interface methods are quite complicated and they are currently underwhelming when compared to conventional 2D displays, due to the fact that visual feedback can only be rendered sharply on the emission surface of light field displays. The sharp rendering of user interfaces is a necessity, as blur may hinder their fundamental functions. When it comes to 2D displays, many user interaction techniques and interfaces have been devised. Rendering a user interface on a 2D display could be done in various ways, such as rendering overlays on top of the rendered scene, or by using billboards. These are extensively used in modern video games. User interaction methods have proven their importance and added efficiency to virtual environments throughout the years. Due to their overall value and usefulness, interaction techniques develop immediately as new types of displays arise. With the recent advancements in visualization technologies, user interfaces have been redesigned for use in AR, VR and MR visualization. This includes on-screen augmentation, which enables interaction with visual content on the screen. Although light field displays contain immense potentials, only basic user interfaces have been devised thus far, including FOX (Focus Sliding surface), which grants users the option to scale and to rotate 3D objects. In this paper, we visualize the theater model on real light field displays and we test the different interactions by means of a monitor room. The theatre model is analogous to real-life theatres, where viewers may observe the theatrical presentation on the stage from various angles. The motivation to choose the theater model was the fact that light field visualization similarly allows multiple simultaneous viewers within its field of view, in which the content can be observed in an angle- dependent manner. Moreover, from the users’ perspective, the theater model is thus familiar and it provides high-quality visual feedback. Furthermore, theater stages encompass a lot of interactions, including rigging and flying systems, pulleys, rotating stages, lights, curtains etc. In order to test the different interaction methods on light field displays, a theater model depicting the virtual environment was implemented. Methods for rendering the monitor room and the results of the interactions are discussed in the paper, illustrated by images of the actual visualization on light field displays. It is shown that producing plausible results with no noticeable visual artifacts is challenging, yet possible. The scientific contributions of the paper also highlight the various novel user interfaces for future light field systems and services.

Light field displays offer glasses-free 3D visualization, as observers do not need any viewing device to see the content in 3D. The angular resolution of such displays not only determines the achievable smoothness of the parallax effect, but also shapes the valid viewing area of light field visualization; higher angular resolutions support greater viewing distances. Therefore, the binocular disparity of a light field display with a given angular resolution lessens, fades away as the viewing distance increases, and the once true 3D visualization slowly becomes perceptually equivalent to a common 2D projection. However, as the current use case scenarios of light field technology define relatively close observations, this topic is rather under-investigated. In this paper, we address the binocular disparity of projection-based light field displays. The results of objective and subjective studies are presented, in which multiple viewing distances were used to evaluate binocular disparity. Beyond the separate models, the paper analyzes the correlations between them and discusses potential applications for future use cases.

Introduction.Coccygodynia is a multidisciplinary disease which is diffi cult to treat. It seriously limits the ability to work and signifi cantly affects the quality of life of patients. The study of somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and the analysis of the results of osteopathic treatment of such patients makes it possible to justify the necessity of osteopathic correction of coccygodynia.Goal of the study— to determine the structure of the leading somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and to study the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of this pathology.Materials and methods.The study involved 44 patients from 25 to 65 years old, randomly divided into two groups. The main group of 24 people (20 women and 4 men) received osteopathic treatment, in accordance with the identifi ed leading somatic dysfunctions. Patients of the control group (16 women and 4 men) were treated locally with soft manual techniques (the treatment area was limited by the pelvic region). In order to assess the results of the treatment, we examined the intensity of the pain syndrome and the psycho-emotional state of patients. The severity of the pain syndrome was assessed in accordance with the visual analogue scale (VAS). The psycho-emotional state (with physical and mental components) was assessed with the help of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.Results.Somatic dysfunctions typical for patients with coccygodynia have been identifi ed. Osteopathic treatment has proven to be more effective in comparison with local manual therapy of coccygodynia both in early periods and in 3 months after the end of the treatment course.Conclusion.Osteopathic treatment of post-traumatic coccygodynia is effective, and can be recommended for treatment of such patients.

At the time of this paper, research on the quality of light-field visualization is continuously gaining momentum, as the excellence in visual performance shall be one of the key enablers of the emergence and long-term presence of this technology on the consumer market. Experiments on perceived quality began in parallel with the appearance of commercially available light-field displays. As the techniques of subjective quality assessment on these displays are not standardized yet, certain parameters may greatly vary, such as viewing conditions. Although most of the current research efforts in this area address forms of static visualization, light-field video is also an essential target of quality evaluation. In this paper, we introduce the results of an experiment investigating the viewing conditions of light-field video quality assessment. The tests directly compare the perceived horizontal motion parallax of static viewing positions with motion patterns. The visual quality of the test conditions was degraded by the reduction of content spatial and angular resolution, as they both affect the smoothness of the horizontal motion parallax.

Real-time video transmission services are unquestionably dominating the flow of data over the Internet, and their percentage of the global IP packet traffic is still continuously increasing. As novel visualization technologies are emerging, they tend to demand higher bandwidth requirements; they offer more visually, but in order to do so, they need more data to be transmitted. The research and development of the past decades in optical engineering enabled light-field displays to surface and appear in the industry and on the market, and light-field video services are already on the horizon. However, the data volumes of high-quality light-field contents can be immense, creating storing, coding and transmission challenges. If we consider the representation of light-field content as a series of 2D views, then for a single video frame, angular resolution determines the number of views within the field of view, and spatial resolution defines the 2D size of those views. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment carried out to investigate the perceptual differences between different angular and spatial resolution parametrization of a light-field video service. The study highlights how the two resolution values affect each other regarding perceived quality, and how the combined effects are detected, perceived and experienced by human observers. By achieving an understanding of the related visual phenomena, especially degradations that are unique for light-field visualization, the design and development of resource-efficient light-field video services and applications become more straightforward.

This chapter addresses image and video technologies related to 3D immersive multimedia delivery systems with special emphasis on the most promising digital formats. Besides recent research results and technical challenges associated with multiview image and image, video and lightfield acquisition and processing, the chapter also presents relevant results from international standardization activities in the scope of ISO, IEC, and ITU. Standard solutions to encode multiview image and video content and ongoing research are addressed, along with novel solutions to enable further developments in the emerging technologies dealing with capture and coding for lightfield content and free viewpoint television.