Hungarian National Museum

A hazai montanisztikai tudomány, amely több évszázados bányászati kultúránkra épül, a 18. században kezdett formálódni a selmecbányai bányaiskola (Bergschule), majd az abból a hosszú 19. század küszöbén kibontakozó bányászati akadémia (Bergakademie) bázisán. Fejlődése a vizsgált időszakban is szorosan összefonódott az intézmény – 1841-től erdészeti akadémia, majd főiskola – sorsával. A 19. században kibontakozó földtani tudományok Magyarországon is szoros kapcsolatban álltak a montanisztikával, amely mellett másik meghatározó forrásukat a tág értelemben vett „premodern” ásványtan jelentette. A század közepére hazánkban is lezajlott a modern ásványtan, földtan és őslénytan, majd később a kőzettan tudományos elkülönülése. E diszciplínák intézményi hátterét az egyetemek, a Nemzeti Múzeum, valamint később a Földtani Intézet biztosították. A 19. század végére a földtudományoknak már jelentős és jól látható képviseletük volt az Akadémián. A tagok közül a „magyar geológia atyjaként” számontartott Szabó József az MTA Matematikai és Természettudományi Osztályán is vezető szerepet játszott.

Abstract Leopold Tausch published in 1886 a study on a Late Cretaceous molluscan fauna of Ajka, Hungary. In the same work, he described five species from deposits of similar age at Aigen, Austria. The material from that publication was long considered lost. We have rediscovered the type material from Ajka in the collection of the Department of Paleontology at the University of Vienna. With a few exceptions, nearly all figured specimens were located. Among the species described from Aigen, only Bulimus fuggeri was found in the collections of GeoSphere Austria. Here, we provide an illustrated overview of the terrestrial snail species from the Late Cretaceous of Ajka and, where taxonomically relevant, discuss related species from other localities and associated aquatic taxa. Ptychicula specialis Tausch, 1886, previously considered a land snail, is here found to be a subjective synonym of the aquatic Melanopsis ajkaensis Tausch, 1886; however, the genus Ptychicula Tausch, 1886 remains valid for the two melanopsid species described from Ajka. Two new species ( Ajkaia corpulenta Páll-Gergely, sp. n., and Anapomatias klebelsbergi Páll-Gergely, sp. n.) and two new genera ( Brunszvikia Páll-Gergely, gen. n. Tingtingia Páll-Gergely, gen. n.) are described.

Abstract Climate models require boundary condition information, such as vegetation and soil distributions because they influence the mean state climate, and feedbacks can significantly influence regional climate and climate sensitivity to CO 2 forcing. Information about past distributions comes primarily from the paleobotanical record, which is often supplemented by a vegetation model to fill data gaps. For recent past periods such as the Pliocene, a quantitative suitability assessment of these vegetation model simulations is sufficient. However, the Miocene Climate Optimum spanning 16.9–14.7 Ma was the warmest period on Earth over the last ∼25 million years and models struggle to reproduce those conditions for the range of paleogeographies and CO 2 concentrations tested, particularly at high latitudes. Here we bring together the Miocene modeling and data communities to update previous vegetation reconstructions used for climate modeling with a new regional approach that relaxes the requirement for a single model simulation to be used, blending instead simulations forced by different paleogeographies and CO 2 concentrations. This ensures the simulated vegetation is first, and foremost, consistent with the paleorecord and provides a baseline for future comparisons. The reconstruction shows global increases in forest cover at all latitudes as compared to today and extensive C 3 grasslands across the high northern latitudes. Data gaps at high latitudes are filled with vegetation models forced by higher CO 2 concentrations than were required at lower latitudes consistent with the inability of current models to simulate Miocene high latitude warmth.

AbsztraktTanulmányunk középpontjába a kutatás számára jól ismert, díszítetlen és karcolt díszű tarsolylemezeket helyeztük. A Kárpát-medencéből ismert 28 tarsolylemez közül 12 sorolható ebbe a csoportba. Noha ezeknek a leleteknek a többsége régóta ismert, részletes vizsgálatuk ma is tartogathat újabb érdekes megfigyeléseket, és éppen egy ilyen új felismerés tette időszerűvé a tárgytípus ismételt vizsgálatát. Mikroszkópos elemzés során a Kenézlő-Fazekaszug, 3. sír tarsolylemezén egy eddig nem azonosított, szimmetrikusan elhelyezkedő, kettős halábrázolás vált felismerhetővé. A halakat szemmel, uszonyokkal és pikkelyekkel jelenítette meg a készítő. A halmotívumhoz legközelebbi párhuzamot a Balatonújlak-Erdő-dűlő 8. sírjában talált kengyelpár kínálja, amely formai azonosságai alapján egy korszakokon átívelő mintaképre utalhat. Mivel a régészeti szimbólumok jelentése nem mindig egyértelmű, a tanulmány több értelmezési lehetőséget is felvázol – korabeli párhuzamok és kultúrtörténeti szempontok bevonásával.

The fig leafhopper, Ficocyba ficaria (Horváth, 1897) (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Typhlocybini) was described from the coast of the Adriatic sea. Since then the species has been reported from several countries, primarily from the Mediterranean area of the Western Palaearctic Region. In the course of the current study the species was found at several locations in Hungary, indicating the presence of stable populations. An overview of currently known distribution of the species is provided. Recent records of the species including results of the present study indicate range expansion of the fig leafhopper.

Abstract The present study describes and reconstructs the architecture of Bronze Age Houses G and H from Borsodivánka-Marhajárás-Nagyhalom, Northeastern Hungary. The site was investigated in the frame of the Borsod Region Bronze Age Settlement (BORBAS) project. Beyond the information on these two buildings derived from the excavation, we will also incorporate the results of scientific studies, micromorphology and phytoliths analysis conducted on the architectural remains and vernacular architectural parallels. Due to the tell character of the site and the burnt condition of the investigated layer, inner divisions, wall decoration made from daub and some other important architectural elements were preserved in situ and form the basis of the reconstruction.

The paper focuses on Late Avar box-shaped cloak clasps. Although only thirty specimens are known from the Carpathian Basin, they are significant due to their high-quality workmanship. The type appears mainly in the northwestern part of the Avar Khaganate, along the Danube and in the northern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve; its spread can be linked to the main trade routes. Based on the related find assemblages, it was in fashion from the second half of the 8th century and was still in use in the first decades of the 9th century.

From aerial survey to magnetometer/GPR prospection, Shallow geological corings to retrieve stratigraphic information, Soil and sediment samples for environmental archaeological analyses