INSEAD

Esse artigo analisa como a Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária atuou na política externa brasileira entre 2019 e 2022. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisarsituações paradigmáticas em que atores parlamentares tomaram iniciativas em política externa seguindo os interesses do agronegócio. O texto discute três casos que revelam novos instrumentos utilizados pelos parlamentares na política externa: o acordo Mercosul-UE, as relações Brasil-China e a guerra Rússia-Ucrânia. Metodologicamente, foi conduzido um levantamento do posicionamento oficial da FPA, por meio de publicações institucionais, redes sociais, imprensa e revista da bancada. Os discursos parlamentares, requerimentos e intervenções nas comissões de relações exteriores foram mapeados a partir da lista de signatários da FPA e da busca por palavras-chave em documentos públicos da Câmara, do Senado e do Itamaraty. Teoricamente, o estudo baseia-se na literatura sobre as relações Legislativo-Executivo. Verifica-se que, nos temas agropecuários, o Congresso não delegou nem abdicou, mas atuou de modo contínuo e consistente durante todo o período, buscando influenciar a postura externa do Brasil no sentido do pragmatismo e da defesa de interesses econômicos.

Fiscal rules have been shown to support fiscal discipline by improving government budget balances and restraining the growth of debt. However, questions remain about what enhances their effectiveness and how certain conditions help to build the credibility needed for their survival and success. Using data from 116 countries between 1984 and 2015, this paper studies the dynamic effects of fiscal rule adoption. It shows that although fiscal rules generally improve the cyclically adjusted primary balance, their effects depend on the time horizon under consideration and the context of adoption. In advanced economies and countries with strong political institutions, the effects strengthen over time. Conversely, in emerging markets and developing economies—especially those with weaker institutions—their impact tends to fade as time passes. The findings highlight the critical role of economic conditions and consensus building at the time of adoption. Specifically, fiscal rules introduced in times of economic hardship or under highly concentrated political power are often less effective in the medium term. Good design of fiscal rules is important, but it is no silver bullet.

Despite significant efforts by humanitarian actors, initiatives, and donors to improve coordination among humanitarian organizations during disaster response, the challenge of insufficient coordination persists. Drawing on practical considerations, we develop a stylized non-cooperative game-theoretical model to examine the coordination dynamics between large international and small local humanitarian organizations in the aftermath of a disaster, comparing both pooled and partitioned coordination models. Our findings reveal that bureaucratic delays commonly associated with coordination efforts not only deter collaboration but can also result in coordination levels that are detrimental to overall relief system performance. This analysis underscores the importance of rethinking coordination structures to better reflect the specific context of relief efforts. In alignment with calls for increased localization, we demonstrate that an efficiently designed partitioned coordination model outperforms a pooled model, which often marginalizes smaller local actors. This partitioned approach proves particularly effective in emergency settings, bringing actors’ decisions closer to the optimal outcome for the entire system.

ABSTRACT Borrowers' use of cashless payments improves their access to capital from FinTech lenders and predicts a lower probability of default. These relationships are stronger for cashless technologies providing more precise information, and for outflows. Cashless payment usage complements other signals of borrower quality. We rationalize these empirical findings using a framework in which borrowers signal their lower likelihood of diverting cash flows through payment technology choice, and screening accuracy is further strengthened by informational complementarities. The informational synergy we uncover provides a rationale for the joint rise of cashless payments and FinTech lending, as well as for open banking.