Illinois Central College

Introduction: The neuroprotective approach to basic CPR (NPCPR) using adjuncts to lower ICP and enhance cardiac venous return (including gradual head/torso-up positioning [HTup]), has significantly improved overall neuro-intact survival (SURVni) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients (Resuscitation 2022). However, as ~80% of OHCA cases have non-shockable (asystole/PEA) presentations (N-Sh) and attendant grim prognoses, the specific aim was to confirm if (and by how much) NPCPR-improved SURVni applies to N-Sh OHCA cases. Methods: Five U.S. EMS agencies using NPCPR prospectively tracked SURVni and all known SURVni related factors: age; sex; witnessed arrest; bystander CPR; T-CPR (time from 9-1-1 call to EMS crews starting CPR); initial ECG; and T-htup (9-1-1 call to HTup start). An automated HTup device (occiput raised to 22cm over several mins) was combined with active compression-decompression and impedance threshold devices (all FDA-cleared). For rigorous comparisons, conventional CPR (C-CPR) controls were derived from 2 large (n=10,053) published NIH trials involving (criteria-compliant) high-performance EMS systems (eg, recorded /monitored /reported CPR quality). Using propensity scoring for the pivotal SURVni factors, 353 N-Sh NPCPR patients were well-matched with 353 N-Sh C-CPR patients and compared for SURVni (mRS < or =3 or CPC 1 or 2). Results: For both 353 NPCPR patients and 353 controls: 2/3 were in asystole; mean ages 66; 8 min median T-CPR (IQR 6-10). Median T-htup = 11 min (IQR 9-15). Before propensity matching, the overall unadjusted OR [95%CI] for NPCPR SURVni (vs C-CPR) was 3.09 [1.64-5.81] and 3.87 [1.27-11.78] after matching (incl. responses >20 min). Analogous to AEDs in shockable OHCA, the earlier NPCPR was applied, SURVni improved: NPCPR SURVni was >10-fold higher, 6.1% v 0.6% (10/165 v 1/165) when T-htup < 11 mins [OR 10.59;1.34-83.63] or (cumulatively) 4.6% v 0.4% (13/281 v 1/281) if < 16 mins [OR 13.58;1.76-104.54]. Conclusions: Even compared to top-performing EMS systems, NPCPR, especially applied early, was associated with markedly-improved SURVni odds for asystole/PEA patients, with or without propensity score matching. As most EMS systems can initiate CPR for the majority of patients in < 12 min, NPCPR may potentially salvage many more lives than previously projected.

Reagents derived from hydroxylamines such as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydroxylamine (DPH), O-(diphenylphosphinyl)hydroxylamine (DPPH), hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA) and other related reagents in which oxygen is substituted with good leaving groups recently showed remarkable potential as electrophilic aminating agents and as a source of the amino group. They facilitate stereo- and regioselective C-N, N-N, O-N, and S-N bond-formation reactions and intra-molecular cyclizations without the requirement of expensive metal catalysts. In this review we have discussed the important transformations achieved with these reagents.

Distance education and the number of courses offered online have grown rapidly in recent years. A survey method was developed to measure student learning in an online course entitled “Water Issues in the Lawn and Landscape” offered at Kansas State University. This course examines critical water issues related to irrigation in urbanizing watersheds and is designed for students and industry professionals who want to enhance their knowledge and careers through distance education. This class is co-taught by four professors, each contributing from their area of expertise. In addition to conveying relevant content to students, the instructors focused on the process in which the material was presented. Specifically, they emphasized creating sense and meaning while developing each assignment and lecture. If a lecture makes sense and has meaning for the learner, the probability of retaining information may be higher. A pre- and post-test was used to measure the level of student learning in each of seven course modules, and surveys were used to evaluate the level of sense and meaning that each lecture, assignment, and exam had for the students. Scores increased from pre- to post-test, indicating the students learned concepts presented in the modules. Survey results revealed that 87% of the course content made sense and 80% had meaning for the students. Within these high values of sense and meaning, student learning improved as meaning increased but was unaffected by sense.

This qualitative study focuses on the professional development of two mathematics coaches and one classroom teacher as they engaged in the lesson study process. The group collaboratively designed, taught, and refined an algebra lesson on slope involving the use of calculator based rangers. Participants developed three aspects of mathematical knowledge for teaching (Hill et al. 2005). Knowledge of content and teaching developed as the coaches emphasized inquiry in lessons. The group developed knowledge of content and students as they listened to students and discussed student difficulties. Finally, the trio developed specialized content knowledge by considering mathematical perturbations from the lesson

This chapter has five sections: 1. Poetry; 2. Fiction 1900–1945; 3. Fiction since 1945; 4. Drama; and 5. Native, Asian American, Latino/a and General Ethnic Writing. Section 1 is by James Gifford; section 2 is by James M. Decker; section 3 is by Michael Boyd; section 4 is by Amy M. Flaxman; and section 5 is by Sarah Robertson. The year 2007 saw a significant continuation of projects begun in the previous year. Lyn Graham Barzilai's George Oppen: A Critical Study, published in 2006, was followed by Peter Nicholls's very strong study George Oppen and the Fate of Modernism as well as Stephen Cope's critical edition of Oppen's Selected Prose, Daybooks, and Papers. This interest in Oppen covers his early and later works, including the significant mid-century gap in his career. The preponderance of Nicholls's work and Cope's edition discuss the latter...

Explores virtual reference as a new career opportunity for librarians. Asks if this is a good, long career path, or if it will careen virtual reference librarians off into the slough of despond. The skills needed for the traditional reference librarian are compared to those needed by the virtual reference librarian; the challenges and advantages of working virtual versus traditional reference are identified; the types of questions and resources used in providing virtual reference service are discussed; and the types of interaction with the patrons are explored. The skills needed to manage and evaluate virtual reference services are also articulated.

This study was designed to examine the role ego-identity plays in the mating preferences of late adolescents. In addition to examining the variance in mating preferences explained by ego-identity status, it was hoped that the results could assist in testing the competing Sexual Strategies (Buss & Schmitt, 1993) and Social Role (Eagly & Wood, 1999) theories. Ego-identity and the sex of the participant accounted for a significant amount of variance in the number of sexual partners desired and the penchant for short-term mating. The sex of the participant was the lone predictor of the importance placed on the mate characteristics of physical attractiveness and earning capacity with females placing more emphasis on the former and males placing more emphasis on the latter characteristic.