Indigenous Education Institute

SummaryThe name Stenokalyx (Chrysophyceae) is not recommended for conservation against the name Stenocalyx (Myrtaceae). The name Mallomonas caudata is not recommended for conservation against the name M. fastigata (Chrysophyceae).

Manually collecting landmarks for quantifying complex morphological phenotypes can be laborious and subject to intra and interobserver errors. However, most automated landmarking methods for efficiency and consistency fall short of landmarking highly variable samples due to the bias introduced by the use of a single template. We introduce a fast and open source automated landmarking pipeline (MALPACA) that utilizes multiple templates for accommodating large-scale variations. We also introduce a K-means method of choosing the templates that can be used in conjunction with MALPACA, when no prior information for selecting templates is available. Our results confirm that MALPACA significantly outperforms single-template methods in landmarking both single and multi-species samples. K-means based template selection can also avoid choosing the worst set of templates when compared to random template selection. We further offer an example of post-hoc quality check for each individual template for further refinement. In summary, MALPACA is an efficient and reproducible method that can accommodate large morphological variability, such as those commonly found in evolutionary studies. To support the research community, we have developed open-source and user-friendly software tools for performing K-means multi-templates selection and MALPACA.

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Other. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]We Are Water -Community Perspectives at the Center Of Designing Informal STEM Education Experiences About WaterAuthorsPatriciaMontanoiDAnne UGoldiDErinLeckeyiDKathrynBoydiDChristineOkochiiDMeganLittrelliDNancy CMaryboyKeliannLaConteiDNoahNewmaniDShellyValdeziDJillSteinSee all authors Patricia MontanoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-8938view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAnne U GoldiDUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-0762view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressErin LeckeyiDUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-0773view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressKathryn BoydiDUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-2713view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressChristine OkochiiDUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-6383view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMegan LittrelliDUniversity of Colorado BoulderiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-1329view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressNancy C MaryboyIndigenous Education Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressKeliann LaConteiDSpace Science InstituteiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-874Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressNoah NewmaniDColorado State UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-0789view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressShelly ValdeziDNative PathwaysiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-0324view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJill SteinJKS Consultingview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

SummaryThe name Amphidoma (Dinophyceae) is not recommended for conservation as being of feminine gender and with a conserved type because the feminine gender is already established, and because there is no known evidence to show that the existing type (A. acuminata) is not congenric with A. nucula, the type proposed for conservation. The name Heterocapsa (Dinophyceae) is recommended for conservation with a conserved type. Two requests for binding decisions were considered, Cosmarium geminatum and C. gemmatum (Streptophyta), and Trigonium (Bacillariophyta) and Trigonum (Streptophyta). The NCA did not consider the names concerned sufficiently similar to be confused and recommended that they not be treated as homonyms.

Climate change scenarios predict tropical cyclones will increase in both frequency and intensity, which will escalate the amount of terrestrial run-off and mechanical disruption affecting coastal ecosystems. Bacteria are key contributors to ecosystem functioning, but relatively little is known about how they respond to extreme storm events, particularly in nearshore subtropical regions. In this study, we combine field observations and mesocosm experiments to assess bacterial community dynamics and changes in physicochemical properties during early- and late-season tropical cyclones affecting Okinawa, Japan. Storms caused large and fast influxes of freshwater and terrestrial sediment - locally known as red soil pollution - and caused moderate increases of macronutrients, especially SiO2 and PO4 3-, with up to 25 and 0.5 μM respectively. We detected shifts in relative abundances of marine and terrestrially derived bacteria, including putative coral and human pathogens, during storm events. Soil input alone did not substantially affect marine bacterial communities in mesocosms, indicating that other components of run-off or other storm effects likely exert a larger influence on bacterial communities. The storm effects were short-lived and bacterial communities quickly recovered following both storm events. The early- and late-season storms caused different physicochemical and bacterial community changes, demonstrating the context-dependency of extreme storm responses in a subtropical coastal ecosystem.

Astronomy across world cultures is rooted in indigenous knowledge. We share models of partnering with indigenous communities involving collaboration with integrity to co-create an inclusive scientific enterprise on Earth and in space.

The Sarcastic Fringehead (Neoclinus blanchardi, Teleostei) exhibits an extreme version of a common aggressive display, the "gaping display," in which an open mouth is presented toward an opponent. Males of this species have extremely long jaws that extend posteriorly well past the posterior margin of the head and are flared laterally during the gaping display. In this study, we explored morphological traits related to this extraordinary display in this and related species of blennies. Morphological modifications include enlargement of the buccopalatal membrane, elongation of the maxilla via an uncalcified posterior extension, and evolution of a novel hinge between the anterior maxilla and lacrimal bones permitting lateral movement of the upper jaw. Geometric morphometry using the truss network system, thin-plate spline, and PCA of three closely related species of Neoclinus indicate that the elongate maxilla of N. blanchardi most likely evolved via acceleration (faster growth compared to outgroups) and hypermorphosis (continued growth to a larger body size), both forms of peramorphic heterochrony. Coloration and fluorescence of the buccopalatal membrane may also serve to amplify the extraordinary gaping display of the Sarcastic Fringehead.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Corresponding author. E‐mail: pmj@u.washington.edu.

Abstract Adult orthonectids develop from germinal cells within a cytoplasmic matrix called a plasmodium. This is generally assumed to be formed by the parasite. In the case of Rhopalura ophiocomae, which lives in the brittle star Amphipholis squamata, the plasmodia occupying the perivisceral coelom are closely associated with the walls of the genital bursae or the gut, and they are covered by peritoneum. They have been reported to contain scattered small nuclei distinct from those within germinal cells, embryos, and adults, but the results of the present study indicate that such nuclei probably do not exist. Furthermore, electron micrographs show that some plasmodia are in continuity with the cytoplasm of contractile cells that lie beneath the peritoneum of a genital bursa or the gut of the host. The matrix of a plasmodium of R. ophiocomaeappears, therefore, to consist of cytoplasm of a contractile cell. It is proposed that after a contractile cell has been entered by an infective cell of the parasite, it hypertrophies, bulging progressively farther into the perivisceral coelom and lifting up the peritoneum, which remains in intimate contact with it.