Indra (Spain)

Global burned area (BA) products are commonly available at a Non-Time Critical (NTC) basis, several months or even several years from the present date; i.e. they are unavailable for Near-Real Time (NRT) applications. The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) delivers the only global BA product in NRT, since recently, at very high accuracy, comparable to the most accurate non-CLMS NTC product (FIRECCIS311). However, global BA products are generated from coarse >= 300 m reflectance observations. Despite the Sentinel-2 mission having been in operation since 2017, providing decadal resolution 10-50 m reflectance data every ~5 days, and despite the well-known benefits of using decadal resolution data to estimate BA, a global Sentinel-2 NRT BA algorithm does not exist. The purpose of this study is to adapt and apply the latest developments in NRT detection, as implemented in the CLMS, to Sentinel-2 L2A imagery. The mapping method uses a neural network (NN) with 2D convolutional layers, followed by a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer. The NN processes the time series of reflectance images on a per-pixel basis, with convolutional layers applied along the spectral and temporal dimensions. The time series of fractional BA maps, predicted by the NN, are combined with time series of spatio-temporal density of VIIRS active fire detections. Such a combination consists of a logistic model and allows the reduction of false positives (such as cloud shadows). The NN is trained on a sample dataset automatically generated from time series reflectance observations (Sentinel-2 data in this case), extracted over locations of VIIRS active fire detections across the Globe for the year 2020, and corresponding estimates of fractional BA, derived from physically-based radiative transfer modelling. The mapping method generates one BA map for each new Sentinel-2 image available (referred to as BAS2nrt0), which is updated with images from the following 5 days (referred to as BAS2nrt5) and the following 10 days (referred to as BAS2nrt10). The additional images available after the mapping day are expected to reduce false positives due to cloud shadows. The mapping method also generates an NTC BA map for each calendar month (referred to as BAS2ntc), with images available for a buffer of 45 days around the month. The algorithm results are validated against an independent global reference dataset for the year 2019, which includes long time series of Landsat-derived BA maps covering 105 sampling units distributed across the Globe. The analysis of the 2019 validation results shows that the accuracy of the proposed Sentinel-2 products is high regardless of estimation timeliness. As expected, (1) the accuracy of the NTC product, Dice coefficient (DC) of 87.2%, is higher than the NRT products, DC 82.7–85.4%, and (2) the accuracy of the NRT product is increased with each update. Such accuracy levels are remarkably high: the accuracy of NRT estimates is comparable to a precedent global non-CLMS NTC Sentinel-2 BA mapping (DC 81.8%).

Noise can affect a person's hearing quality if exposed continuously. Based on the preliminary study at PLTU X conducted in May 2025, it is known that some locations have noise intensity that exceeds the threshold value, especially in the Boiler engine section which reaches 96.6 dBA and Turbine reaches 103.9 dBA. This study aims to determine the relationship between age, working time, noise exposure and personal protective equipment with hearing loss at PT. PLTU X. This study uses the method used in this study is analytic with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all workers in the boiler and turbine area of the Indramayu PLTU which amounted to 120, the sample in this study was calculated using the slovin formula with the results of 92 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis with test chi-square statistical tests. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between tenure and hearing loss. While the variables of age, working time, noise exposure and APD have no relationship with hearing loss. Almost all boiler and turbine area workers have unrisked age, most boiler and turbine area workers have unrisked length of service, all boiler and turbine area workers have unrisked working time, all boiler and turbine area workers have unrisked noise exposure, all boiler and turbine area workers have unrisked APD use

This study analyzes the use of deep learning approaches in English teaching at SMP Islam Tathmainul Quluub, Sindang, Indramayu, focusing on meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning. Using a qualitative case study method, the research includes participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that educators successfully apply three main aspects of deep learning while adapting to the local context. Meaningful learning is achieved by connecting lessons to local issues, mindful learning through planned metacognitive strategies, and joyful learning by incorporating local cultures. Teachers face challenges with digital infrastructure when implementing hybrid learning models, and focus on strengthening their skills through ongoing professional development. Positive impacts include improved critical thinking, character development, social skills aligned with the '6C' concept, and increased student motivation. This application model demonstrates how schools in coastal areas can transform learning by integrating cognitive, social-emotional, and cultural elements.

O estudo tem como objetivo revisar comparativamente as restrições, benefícios e limitações das próteses fixas e removíveis na reabilitação oral, destacando critérios clínicos, funcionais e econômicos que influenciam a escolha do tratamento. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura baseada na análise de artigos científicos sobre o tema. Os estudos selecionados foram examinados quanto às taxas de sucesso, impacto na funcionalidade mastigatória e qualidade de vida dos pacientes, além de fatores como suporte ósseo, custo-benefício e tempo de adaptação. A prótese fixa é indicada para pacientes com suporte periodontal adequado, proporcionando maior estabilidade e estética. No entanto, sua instalação exige preparação dos dentes pilares e pode representar um custo elevado. A prótese removível, por sua vez, é uma opção mais acessível e menos invasiva, mas pode apresentar menor retenção e adaptação ao longo do tempo. A escolha entre prótese fixa e removível deve considerar fatores individuais do paciente, incluindo condição clínica, expectativas e perspectivas econômicas. Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar a longevidade dessas abordagens e aprimorar suas aplicações na Odontologia Reabilitadora.

Massive ovarian edema (MOE) is a rare, tumor-like, benign condition characterized by diffuse ovarian enlargement. It is mostly associated with partial/intermittent adnexal torsion, resulting in impaired venous and lymphatic drainage of the ovaries. Owing to its nonspecific clinical presentation and tumor-like imaging appearance, MOE is often misdiagnosed as an ovarian neoplasm, leading to unnecessary oophorectomies. We report a case of MOE in a young nulligravid woman who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. Following an initial inconclusive clinical evaluation and ultrasonography, the diagnosis was eventually confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis, and appropriate treatment could be undertaken. Due to the rarity ofincidence and atypical presentation, we would like to add this case to the existing scientific literature.

The interface between pediatric dentistry and law in India is increasingly significant as dental practitioners face expanding medico-legal accountability, consumer rights awareness, and evolving digital challenges. This paper critically explores the regulatory frameworks, ethical obligations, and medico-legal considerations that shape pediatric dental practice in India. It highlights statutory obligations under the Dentists Act, 1948, the Clinical Establishments Act, 2010, the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, while addressing consent, confidentiality, digital documentation, and forensic responsibilities. The discussion underscores the necessity of preventive legal literacy, meticulous record-keeping, and ethical vigilance to foster legally resilient and patient-centered pediatric oral care.

Gas migration through cement slurry and micro-annuli remains a major well integrity. Improper cementation can lead to micro-annulus formation, enabling gas leakage and increasing blowout risk as downhole pressure decreases. Microsilica has been widely used as an anti-gas migration additive due to its ability to reduce permeability and improve cement stability; however, its effect on expanding cement systems has not been fully evaluated. This study investigates the influence of microsilica on the physical and mechanical properties of expanding cement slurry and its interaction with conventional expanding additives. Three slurry formulations—base slurry with microsilica, base slurry with expanding additive, and a combined microsilica–expanding additive system—were prepared and tested following API RP 10B procedures, including density, rheology, fluid loss, free water, thickening time, compressive strength, and expansion ring testing. Results show that microsilica provides beneficial effects by reducing fluid loss, eliminating free water, increasing compressive strength, and enhancing post-set expansion performance when combined with expanding additives. However, microsilica also increases slurry viscosity and shortens thickening time, potentially affecting pumpability and placement. Expansion ring tests indicate that the combined microsilica–expanding additive slurry exhibits the highest expansion (0.446% at 96 hours), whereas cement with microsilica alone shows initial shrinkage before gradual expansion. Overall, microsilica acts as a complementary additive that improves the performance of expanding cement but requires careful optimization to avoid negative impacts on rheology and setting behavior. The findings highlight the importance of additive balancing in designing cement systems for gas-migration-resistant well completions.

This systematic review provides a descriptive synthesis of published case reports documenting new-onset or flare episodes of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) temporally occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 13 eligible case reports published between 2020 and 2024. Because all available evidence consisted solely of individual case descriptions without comparator groups, the review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and employed qualitative narrative synthesis rather than meta-analysis. Across the included cases, patients consistently presented with hallmark features of AOSD, including high spiking fever, arthritis or arthralgia, markedly elevated ferritin levels, and, in several instances, the characteristic salmon-colored rash. Symptom onset typically occurred within four to fifteen days following vaccination. Although these cases demonstrate recognisable clinical patterns, the absence of denominator data, lack of population-based studies, and inherent publication bias prevent estimation of incidence or risk, and no causal relationship with vaccination can be inferred. All reported patients responded favorably to corticosteroids, with some requiring biologic therapy for disease control. These findings highlight the importance of clinician awareness when evaluating persistent febrile or inflammatory symptoms in recently vaccinated individuals, while emphasising that COVID-19 vaccination remains overwhelmingly safe. Larger registries, pharmacovigilance data, and controlled studies are needed to clarify potential risk factors and guide future revaccination decisions.

Depression is one of the mental health problems that often arise in patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney failure. This condition not only impacts the patient's quality of life, but also affects the treatment process and the burden on the family. However, mental health literacy in the community is still low, so targeted preventive and curative efforts are needed. The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve people's mental health through educational interventions with scientific booklet media that are easy to understand and apply. The activity method is carried out in a participatory manner, including the preparation stage, socialization, educational implementation, and evaluation. Education is provided to the community with a focus on preventing depression through a healthy lifestyle, stress management skills, and early intervention efforts by seeking professional support. Evaluation is carried out through pre-post tests, observations, and group discussions. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about depression, a change in attitudes to be more open in expressing feelings, as well as practical skills in relaxation, maintaining sleep patterns, and building social support. Participants also better understand the importance of seeking professional help when depressive symptoms are getting worse. The conclusion of this PKM is that the scientific booklet has proven to be effective as a preventive and curative educational intervention medium, and can be an innovative strategy in improving the mental health of people affected by chronic diseases.

Puller jaw 3 rahang merupakan alat mekanis yang umum digunakan pada proses perawatan mesin untuk melepas komponen seperti bearing, pulley, dan roda gigi tanpa menimbulkan kerusakan pada bagian lainnya. Namun, alat yang tersedia di pasaran masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti ketidakstabilan rahang, desain yang kurang ergonomis, serta material yang tidak cukup kuat untuk beban kerja tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang puller jaw 3 rahang dengan performa yang lebih optimal menggunakan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui ulasan marketplace dan survei pengguna untuk memperoleh Voice of Customer (VoC). Hasil analisis House of Quality (HoQ) menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik teknis yang paling berpengaruh adalah kekuatan jepitan (0,312), ketahanan material (0,267), serta rentang diameter cakaran (0,198). Desain akhir dilakukan perhitungan kekuatan dengan pendekatan Finite Element Method (FEM) dengan asumsi pembebanan 500 N dan mengalami deformasi maksimum sebesar 0,17311 mm, tegangan maksimum 101,51 MPa, serta regangan maksimum 5,07 × 10-4, dengan factor keamanan sebesar 4,9 pada part clamping secara keseluruhan pembebanan yang terjadi masih aman dibawah batas elastis material baja karbon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desain puller jaw 3 rahang yang dikembangkan lebih stabil, ergonomis, aman digunakan serta dapat diproduksi dengan proses manufaktur konvensional.