Institut Bergonié

The nature and role of the psychological support provided in psychedelic-assisted treatments for psychiatric disorders are currently the object of debate. How this support is conceptualized-as a vector for therapeutic change or framework for risk minimization-has far-reaching consequences in terms of how these treatments should be regulated, delivered, and studied. To determine whether psychological interventions in psychedelic trials meet accepted definitions of psychotherapy using a common factors framework. We assess whether self-described psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies align with psychotherapy criteria and whether trials where support is not defined as psychotherapy nonetheless embed psychotherapeutic elements. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed and PsycINFO in January 2024 for all available clinical trials of psilocybin, MDMA, or lysergic acid diethylamide reporting any psychological support. Articles were assessed against a 4-item common factors framework. We screened 224 records, reviewed 52 full-text documents, and included 29 clinical trials (449 patients). Of the 29 trials, 69% met all 4 factors. Of the 19 psychotherapy-labeled trials, 84% met all 4 factors. Of the 10 non-psychotherapy-labeled studies, 40% met 4 factors. Findings indicate that the psychological interventions in most therapeutic psychedelic trials qualify as psychotherapy. We highlight the clinical implications in terms of clinician training and treatment timeframe. We emphasize the ethical imperative to measure and address the intervention complexity inherent to psychedelic trials, to optimize clinical outcomes and safeguard patients.

Short rotation coppice trees, including poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix spp.), and black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.), present an exciting opportunity for sustainable biomass production, while also contributing to soil remediation efforts. Harnessing this biomass in construction concrete supports and aligns perfectly with the EU's ambitious 2030 emission targets. Therefore, this study evaluates metal and mineral accumulation and investigates the potential of utilizing wood aggregates as alternative biomass fillers in concrete. Consequently, the cell wall composition, sorption characteristics, metal impurity concentrations, pH, pH buffering capacity, and mineral and ash content of wood and bark obtained from an industrially contaminated site were analysed. The findings reveal that the biomass from the contaminated site had higher mineral content than samples from sawmills. The bark—particularly from black locust—displayed a notable ash content of 8.3 %, largely due to sizeable presence of calcium minerals. In contrast, the wood's ash content was 0.76 %, approximately 1.9 times higher than sawmill wood (0.4 %). Subtle cell wall composition variations were also observed compared to sawmill wood. Overall, the sorption properties, particularly concerning moisture retention, were reflective of lignin content. When evaluating concrete viability, the pH buffering capacity of all examined wood samples was lower, while the bark samples boasted a higher capacity compared to the reference hemp shives. Notably, poplar bark from the contaminated site achieved an average buffering capacity that surpassed the reference bark by 10.9 %. Poplar wood aggregate concretes achieved 0.16 MPa strength and 373 kg/m 3 density, showing optimization potential. • pH buffering capacity and moisture sorption of contaminated trees' wood/bark • Bark retains more moisture than wood, largely due to higher lignin content. • The presence of high levels of calcium in bark causes less acidic pH than wood. • Wood K minerals form volatile compounds during combustion, unlike Ca, which is stable above 450 °C. • Poplar wood aggregates (3–7 mm) show promise in concrete (0.16 MPa, 373 kg/m 3 ).