Institut des Hautes Études de Management

In the era of digital transformation, blockchain-based collaborative logistics platforms initially emerged as promising solutions to streamline inter-organizational exchanges. However, several major initiatives have recently faced critical crises, exposing the vulnerabilities of their business models. Addressing this issue, this study explores the factors that led to the collapse of TradeLens, a flagship platform developed by Maersk and IBM. Using stakeholder theory as an analytical framework, the study adopts a qualitative single-case study approach, combining ten semi-structured interviews with industry experts and an in-depth analysis of secondary sources. Thematic analysis reveals five critical dynamics: initial governance imbalances, asymmetric value capture, heightened coopetitive tensions, institutional rigidity, and a cumulative dynamic leading to crisis. The findings enhance the understanding of failures in collaborative blockchain ecosystems, highlighting the need for inclusive governance, equitable value creation, and strong institutional adaptability. From a managerial perspective, the research offers concrete recommendations for the sustainable design of blockchain logistics platforms. It also opens avenues for future research on adaptive governance and stakeholder salience dynamics in distributed digital environments.

The health crisis linked to the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted the global economic fabric, having a lasting impact on corporate performance. This article aims to assess the impact of this crisis on the financial performance of Moroccan companies. The analysis is based on two key indicators, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), measured on a sample of Moroccan companies from various sectors. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to compare financial performance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, linear regression was performed to assess the impact of the health crisis on the financial performance of companies. Both the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and linear regression show that firm performance declined after the COVID-19 pandemic. These results reflect the fragility of certain companies in the face of exogenous shocks and underline the importance of strengthening their resilience through more appropriate management mechanisms. This work paves the way for future research incorporating governance variables as explanatory factors of organizational resilience.

Responsible leaders face the challenge of showing accountability and care for increasing stakeholder demands. Engaging stakeholders and navigating the various demands, and thereby trying to do the “right thing” can put strain on leaders. Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory and discursive responsible leadership, this study posits that responsible leadership imposes substantial demands on business managers. The JD-R's health impairment process suggests that these demands require continuous effort, draining leaders' resources and leading to physiological and/or psychological repercussions. High job demands and resultant strain precipitate self-undermining that hinder task execution and cascade downward to employees, generating cross-level implications. In this context, our research investigates a mediation model of responsible leadership across two studies. Drawing on multi-source and multi-wave data analyzed through a multi-level analysis, our findings reveal a positive association between responsible leadership and workplace deviance at both organizational (organizational deviance), and individual level (interpersonal deviance). Additionally, our results demonstrate that this relationship is mediated by decision paralysis in case of both organizational deviance and interpersonal deviance. This study challenges the predominantly positive narrative surrounding responsible leadership, highlighting its unintended consequences, and advances theoretical discourse by investigating the multi-level implications of the JD-R theory.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look into factors that affect the attitude of the young people towards entrepreneurship.
 Methodology: The research design used was case study method. Data was collected using questionnaires. The validity of the instruments was ensured through constructive criticism from the supervisor. The results and discussions were presented using tables, charts and graphs.
 Results: Parents and guardians of the respondents were found to have a great influence on the choices of courses that the respondents took in the institutions. It also came out that most families of the respondents run businesses at home but majority of the respondents were not involved in the running of the businesses. Lack of finances, long procedures of acquiring businesses licenses and high rates of interests charged on loans to start came out as the main challenges that would influence the attitude of the respondents towards entrepreneurship.
 Conclusion: The parents or guardian greatly influence the choice of the students joining the technical courses by contributing in guidance to the students’ choice to the career courses they pursued in the institutions. 
 Recommendation: This study recommends that there is need to start training in technical and entrepreneurship subjects from as early as primary schools to help in cultivating young people’s entrepreneurial attitude at an early stage. A similar study including more stakeholders like the parents/guardians to find out their role in influencing the attitude of the young people towards entrepreneurship should be carried out.

The aim of this work is to show that organizational change is a response to certain problems generated by a market specialization strategy. Our study is based on two cases of SMEs that first engaged in a business relationship with a single client for more than five years. This led to a high degree of skills specialization and a certain organizational rigidity which was subsequently detrimental to the continuity of the company's activity, particularly when the relationship with the only single client was unexpectedly concluded, for the client had become increasingly demanding in terms of cost and time. Analysis of the data shows that both SMEs have made a series of organizational changes (restructuring of the company, recruitment of new skills, training activities, use of partnerships with other organizations, etc.) to overcome this perilous situation. As a consequence, these companies were able to reorient their business policy in order to reduce their dependence and then ensure their business sustainability and growth. Keywords: Organizational change, dependency situation, customer-supplier relationship, strategic choices. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-27-04 Publication date: September 30 th 2020

La propuesta de Belgrano de instaurar una monarquía incaica en el espacio de las Provincias Unidas generó en 1816 debates tanto en el Congreso de Tucumán como en la prensa periódica porteña. Sin embargo, este hecho ha recibido tradicionalmente, en la narrativa hegemónica, un lugar muy acotado y condicionado por la interpretación que Mitre realizó en su obra considerada fundacional de la historiografía argentina. A los fines de indagar acerca del “Plan del Inca” como evento histórico, resulta imprescindible deconstruir dicha versión, para lo cual retomamos diversas herramientas provenientes de los Estudios de Memoria. Desde el análisis de los “usos sociales del pasado”, consideramos a la labor historiográfica de Mitre como una acción de “traer el pasado al presente”, y como tal influida por el objetivo de crear una historia nacional y por diversos intereses vigentes en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Para analizar esta cuestión, en el trabajo señalamos diversos mecanismos que subyacen a la construcción del relato mitrista.

INTRODUCTIONOver the past 30 years, the development of antiretroviral therapy has drastically extended the life-span of people living with HIV (PLH). Because of this increased longevity, HIV is becoming a chronic disease; with proper treatment, PLH can have a life expectancy similar to that of their counterparts who are HIV negative.1 Therefore, the management of HIV has shifted to addressing the chronic systemic effects of the disease, such as musculoskeletal, neurological, and chronic pain issues. Mitigation of these effects requires a multidisciplinary approach to management of HIV-related impairments/, with an increasing role for physical therapists in the continuum of care for PLH.In an effort to enhance the use of physical therapy as part of the medical management of HIV, a 3-phase initiative was developed to analyze the current role of physical therapy in the HIV health care spectrum. Phase 1 assessed patterns of referral for physical therapist services made by physicians specializing in HIV management in Atlanta, Georgia, a city with a high prevalence of PLH. The results revealed that although most providers did refer their patients for physical therapist services, 30% of providers did not do so; the most commonly cited reasons were a lack of patient insurance, a denial of service by the clinics to which the patients were referred, and patient financial burdens.2 Phase 2 evaluated the knowledge and beliefs about HIV of 129 physical therapists practicing in the metropolitan Atlanta area. The results revealed that although most (65.1%) of the physical therapists surveyed reported their basic knowledge about HIV as advanced or competent, less than one-third of the respondents could correctly identify all methods of HIV transmission. Only half reported that learning best practices for treatments of HIV-related impairments was included in their physical therapist education.3On the basis of these results, this study (phase 3) was created to determine any potential gaps in HIV coverage in accredited physical therapist education programs throughout the United States. The aims of this study were to answer 3 questions: What percentage of physical therapist education programs cover HIV in their curricula? In what contexts is HIV covered (eg, pathophysiology, common physical therapy-treatable impairments, and interventions) in the programs surveyed? What needed teaching materials related to the inclusion of HIV are identified by surveyed faculty?REVIEW OF LITERATUREHuman immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that targets CD4+ T cells, reducing the human body's innate ability to fight off infections. The virus is spread through 4 specific bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk). Seroconversion from HIV to AIDS occurs when the CD4+ cell count drops below 200/mm3, rendering a person more prone to opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and lymphomas.4,5 In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that in the United States alone, there were approximately 1.2 million PLH, and approximately 50,000 people continue to become infected with HIV each year.6,7 Because of the development of antiretroviral therapy for diminishing the immunosuppressive effects of HIV, the healthadjusted life expectancy-that is, the average number of years an individual is expected to live, with consideration of any disease or injury-has been extended for PLH.4,8-10A deterioration in physical function secondary to musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary impairments can be a consequence of chronic infection and systemic effects of antiretroviral therapy in PLH, leading to a significant decline in quality of life.11-13 These impairments fall within the scope of physical therapist practice. Musculoskeletal impairments secondary to deficits in bone remodeling and bone metabolism include myalgia, arthralgia, low back pain, osteoporosis, bone infection, and an increased risk for fractures. …

A number of studies have found that the performance of NPD projects greatly depends on the support they get from top management. However, research into why some projects get more support than others has been limited. The present paper takes a political approach to NPD, in which top management support is considered to be a function of a project leader’s ability to influence decision processes through personal relationships. Mobilizing the bridging perspective of social capital, we argue that project leaders need both strong ties to high-ranking others and sparseness in their networks. Vertical strong ties bring direct support and solidarity, resulting in improved access to resources and priority over other projects; sparseness provides exposure to the full range of information and interpretations in the organization, resulting in a more accurate picture of the political landscape and thus enabling the implementation of an appropriate influence strategy. A PLS analysis of a sample of 73 French project leaders involved in NPD projects provided support for our hypotheses. Hence, we contribute to a very recent stream of research showing that the structural and relational dimensions of social capital are complementary.