Institut za savremenu istoriju

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This paper examines a series of anthropomorphic maps depicting Europe in the form of a woman, now collectively referred to as Europa Regina. The first such map was created by Johannes Putsch of Innsbruck (1516–1542) as a visual accompaniment to his poem Europa Lamentans, dedicated to Archduke Ferdinand I of Habsburg and his brother, Charles V. The concept gained widespread popularity through adaptations of Putsch’s map, including a more detailed version by Matthias Quad and Johann Bussemacher, printed in Cologne in 1587, and two smaller, simplified versions featured in Heinrich Bünting’s Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (1587) and Sebastian Münster’s Cosmographia (1588).Previously, the earliest known version of Putsch’s map was thought to have been printed in Paris in 1537. However, in 2019, an earlier edition printed in 1534 – now kept in the Retz Museum in Lower Austria – was (re)discovered. Along with describing this map and the circumstances of its rediscovery, this presentation will examine the representation of the south-eastern regions of the European continent in Putsch’s map and its derivatives. It is suggested that Putsch, in addition to drawing from Ptolemaic geography, was probably familiar with Lázár Deák’s Tabula Hungariae (1528).

Abstract Wheat straw, as a lignocellulosic residue, can be effectively converted into compost, representing a sustainable approach to agro-industrial waste management. This study investigates the effect of inoculating wheat straw with Bacillus strains on composting dynamics and organic matter degradation efficiency, with implications for soil quality improvement and environmental sustainability. Compost maturity and quality were evaluated through chemical and biological parameters over a 40-day period. Results showed that Bacillus -inoculated compost exhibited traits of a stable and mature product: the NH 4 ⁺-N/NO 3 ⁻-N ratio was 0.625, the C/N ratio was 25.88, and the pH was 7.26. The mineral composition of the inoculated compost was significantly increased compared to the control compost, namely: Ca (36%), Mg (58%), Cu (62%), and Zn (75%), with the greatest increase observed in Mn concentration (threefold). Phosphorus content in the treated compost increased eightfold compared to the initial value and exceeded that of the control. The germination index of white mustard seeds ( Sinapis alba L. ) was 30% higher in the inoculated sample. Bacillus strains accelerated the degradation of lignocellulosic material derived from wheat straw, yielding a mineral-rich, phytotoxin-free compost suitable for agricultural application and with enhanced biofertilization potential.

The area of Bosansko Grahovo and Glamoč had a majority Serb population until the outbreak of the Civil War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and after the proclamation of the Republic of Srpska, it found itself within its borders. Between Bosansko Grahovo and Glamoč on one side of the Dinara and Knin on the other, there were strong historical ties, which gained particular importance during the wars that accompanied the collapse of socialist Yugoslavia. Until the end of 1994, Grahovo and Glamoč represented a reliable hinterland for the capital of the Republic of Serbian Krajina – Knin. However, at the end of 1994, Croatia began to gradually advance in the direction from Livno to Grahovo and Glamoč and to conquer the significant heights of Dinara, Šator and Staretina. The Croatian Army, supported by the forces of the Croatian Defense Council, in the offensive operations "Winter-94", "Jump-1" and "Jump-2", increasingly advanced through the Livanjsko Polje and occupied more and more strategically important heights on the Dinara. The culmination came at the end of July 1995, when Croatian troops occupied Grahovo and Glamoč and cut off the only transport link between Knin and Banja Luka and Belgrade. This proved to be a key precondition for Operation "Storm" in early August 1995 to capture the entire western part of the Republic of Serbian Krajina and thus deliver the final stroke. In this paper, we have attempted to show how important the armed actions around Grahovo and Glamoč in 1994–1995 were for the Republic of Serbian Krajina.

The study examines historical statistical sources about the population of the former Sanjak (District) of Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the mid-19th century. Data analysis shows that the majority of the population was Christian. In the kaza of Banja Luka (sub-district) the Christian majority was overwhelming. About 90 % of Christians in the kaza were Orthodox (Serbian Orthodox), meanwhile the rest was Roman Catholic. In the City of Banja Luka itself, Muslims had a clear majority of more than 90 % consequently making them a strictly urban population group in this area. Due to different sources, the slow but steady population decline of the Muslim population in the city could be observed. Turmoil, war, hunger and forced migration, typical for the wider region of Bosnian Krajina in the 19th century, did not weaken the Christians in a way to lose their dominant position in the population.

У раду се приказују краће биографије команданата 1. пешадијског пука „Књаза Милоша Великог“ у Врању, који су се на челу ове јединице налазили од демобилизације војске маја 1920. па до Априлског рата 1941. године. Током овог периода пуком су командовала свега петорица официра: Радослав Петковић, Александар Станковић, Милутин Миловановић, Адолф Килар и Владимир Прица. Рад је написан на основу грађе из Војног архива, објављених извора и релевантне литературе.

Based on sources and literature, the article explores the operation of the Yugoslav Army in the second half of 1945. It discusses issues of organisation, number of soldiers, legal regulations, and leadership, then the transition to peacetime life in the barracks throughout Yugoslavia, and the issue of border security. With the formation of the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the former National Defence Commission was transformed into the Ministry of National Defence, headed by Marshal Tito, in 1945. On 31 May 1945, Tito signed a decree on the formation and location of the supreme strategic commands of the six armies of the Land Army; in addition, there were the Air Force, Navy, Education, and Internal Army: The People’s Defence Corps of Yugoslavia. A special and new unit within the Yugoslav Army was the security service, i.e. the Counterintelligence Service. The article shows the first steps of the Partisan army in peacetime, i.e. in barracks, as well as its role in the crisis around Trieste and in the occupation of parts of Austria. A special focus is on its role in the first post-war elections in the autumn of 1945, after which the monarchy was formally abolished in Yugoslavia. This was followed by demobilisation.

Članak daje pregled pokušaja stvaranja jedinica Jugoslovenske vojske u otadžbini na prostoru Primorske Slovenije u periodu posle kapitulacije Italije u jesen 1943. kao i tokom 1944. godine. Ova oblast bila je od kraja Prvog svetskog rata u okviru Italije, a od njene kapitulacije u Drugom svetskom ratu, u septembru 1943. godine, stavljena je pod nemačku okupacionu upravu. Na ovom prostoru, postojao je jak partizanski pokret kao i jedinice Slovenskog domobranstva. Pored njih, kao pokret otpora stvara se vojna i obaveštajna organizacija verna Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Najviše aktivnosti na stvaranju ove organizacije, odigrale su se u 1944. godini. Njena organizacija je nazivana od protivnika: „pokret DM“, „četnici“ ili „plava garda“. U radu su korišćeni arhivski fondovi Arhiva Slovenije u Ljubljani, Vojnog arhiva u Beogradu, literatura kao i usmeni izvori koje je jedan od autora prikupio.