Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering

The article discusses the participation of large businesses in socioeconomic processes in the territory of their presence in small settlements of Siberia. Based on available statistical data and conducted expeditionary research, the behavior of key enterprises in four towns—Ust-Kut, Taishet, Baikalsk (located in Irkutsk Oblast), Igarka (Krasnoyarsk Krai)—and the urban-type settlement of Sheregesh (Kemerovo Oblast) is characterized in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects. It has been established that the behavior of enterprises is influenced by their size and sectoral affiliation, as well as the size of the settlement. The degree of rootedness and spatial configuration of business did not show a clear influence. Among the cases examined, the “host” model was found in Ust-Kut, Taishet, and Igarka. The mechanisms and practices of interaction used there can be adapted for other small settlements in Russia.

The article is devoted to the role of science cities in the innovative and socio-economic development of Russia, with special attention paid to the science city of Koltsovo (Novosibirsk region). Its scientific and production complex and innovative infrastructure are considered. The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the science city of Koltsovo are analyzed in comparison with similar indicators of the Novosibirsk region. Particular attention is paid to the budget of Koltsovo, the dynamics of its income and expenses. The article emphasizes the importance of science cities as key elements of the national innovation system.

The article considers approaches to analyzing and determining institutional and resource conditions for the functioning of the Siberian economy at different stages of the economic and political history of Russia. We show the change in concepts of the Russian imperial and Soviet experiences in implementing territorial megaprojects for the development of Siberia. We propose a methodological approach to assessing and comparing their scales. The authors performed an expert assessment of the comparative importance of megaprojects for the economy of the country and the Siberian macroregion at different stages of historical development. It is shown that to date no stable trends have been formed that correspond to the quantitative parameters of state priority in relation to Siberia. It is concluded that the implementation of megaprojects is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the accelerated modernization of the economy and the achievement of largescale national and regional goals.

The article explores the process of creating a large cooperative housing complex in a district of New York. It highlights the unique circumstances that made the cooperative City project possible in the United States. The article also examines the efforts of European countries to foster urban residents’ involvement in urban development. It provides examples of innovative solutions implemented by the population of various European cities. The article delves into the Russian experience of utilizing public initiatives to enhance urban development and improve the quality of life. It emphasizes that the promotion of cooperation in urban life is supported by both governmental authorities and individual citizens and local communities. The article highlights a new phase in this process — changes in urban planning, with the transition from general to master plans becoming part of federal policy.

Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук 2 Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева Информация о статье Поступила: 23 августа 2023 г. Одобрена после рецензирования: 24 сентября 2023 г. Принята к публикации: 22 Октября 2023 г. Ключевые слова: декарбонизация экономики, зеленая экономика, добыча угля, холдинг, конгломерат, структура, ресурсный регион Статья посвящена анализу новых тенденций развития конгломератов в ресурсном регионе, вызванных новыми условиями, связанными с усилением декарбонизации мировой экономики. Результаты проведенного анализа свидетельствуют о том, что ни объемы добычи угля в России, ни размер его экспорта за последние 5 лет не снизились, а даже увеличились. Если же и было незначительное падение объемов добычи угля крупнейшими угледобывающими предприятиями Кузбасса на протяжении последних 5-6 лет, то оно полностью компенсировано приростом в последние 2 года. Отмеченный прирост добычи угля подтверждает то предположение, что расширение «зеленой повестки» процесс длительный, требующий технологического подкрепления, которое, в свою очередь, предполагает существенные вложения в эту сферу, а реакция добывающего сектора экономики будет носить «отложенный» характер. Выявлен подход, выбранный региональными конгломератами в этих условиях для противодействия внешним вызовам на основе изменения производственной структуры.

A new look at the nature of spatial development in Russia assumes structural shifts of economic activity in the latitudinal direction. The main questions posed in this regard in the article boil down to the following. How dynamic can and should the development of the eastern territories be? Is it enough that the pace of their development corresponds to all-Russian indicators, or is preferential growth considered appropriate? A specific task is to assess the investment conditions under which, in the long term until 2026, an increase in the share of the eastern regions in the country’s GRP is possible. It is shown that in the case of prolongation of the existing ratio of incremental capital intensity in the Asian part of the country and the Russian Federation as a whole, an increase in the share of the Asian part in the GRP of the Russian Federation requires unreasonably high investment costs. A good result should be considered the stabilization of this share by 2025, with an average accumulation rate during the forecast period in the Asian part of approximately 30%.

The study examines the socioeconomic, demographic and health determinants of physical activity intensity in Russia. Using RLMS-HSE (the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics) data for 2021 and indicators of six levels of physical activity intensity, the authors built ordered probit models and calculated average marginal effects for a set of covariates. The independent variables were selected based on the SLOTH microeconomic model describing individual preferences towards physical activity.The ordered probit regression provided empirical support for Meltzer and Jena's theoretical framework, stating that as income increases, with the pronounced substitution effect, the time spent on physical activity decreases, and the intensity of physical activity rises. In our study, the thesis about an increase in intensity with rising income was confirmed for a subsample of men but not women. For women, the intensity was determined by factors such as multiple morbidity and residing outside of Moscow or Saint Petersburg, which were not significant in the regressions for men.The study resulted in several important conclusions. The intensity analysis showed that physician recommendations regarding the type of physical activity should consider patients' workload. For individuals with a busy schedule, recommended types of exercise that require a long time (for example, walking) are not suitable. At the same time, intense workouts (such as tennis or gym classes) can be built into the schedule. There is a need to develop sports infrastructure at workplaces, allowing individuals to allocate time for classes without bearing additional time and monetary costs associated with travel to the location of workouts. As income increases, exercising near the workplace allows an individual to increase the intensity of physical activity without incurring additional time costs

The article examines the functioning of the agglomeration economy in Russian regions, empirically analyzes the performance of enterprises, and studies their dependence on proximity to a large regional market. The information basis of the study is SPARK-Interfax data for 2019–2020. The analysis did not confirm the widespread opinion that agglomeration effects manifest themselves in very limited areas of the Center of Russia. Econometric estimates point to a significant contribution of the agglomeration economy to the performance of companies in different parts of the country. In all geographical zones and federal districts of the Russian Federation, there are regions with both significant and insignificant positive agglomeration effects; in some regions they are negative. The manifestation of agglomeration effects in the regions does not depend either on the density of economic activity or on the level of development of communication infrastructure. Clearly, the lack of cooperation between local producers hinders the realization of the country’s existing agglomeration potential.

The work conducts a study of growth factors and the reasons for the uneven development of the federal districts of the Russian Federation in the period 20082021, which includes a retrospective analysis of the structures of the main macroeconomic indicators by region, decomposition of GRP growth in current prices for components, which, in turn, also differentiated by factors, «shift-share» analysis and distribution of the country’s GRP growth by federal districts and industries.As a spatial section, the Central Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Southern Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Volga Federal District and Ural Federal District without the Tyumen region, forming the European part of the Russian Federation, and the Tyumen region, Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, forming the Asian part of the Russian Federation, are used. To obtain more detailed results, the study is carried out for the periods 2008–2015, 2015–2019. and 20192021. The work shows the change in the trend of spatial development of the Russian economy in the period 20192021. If for 2008–2015 and 2015–2019. There is rapid growth in the Asian part of the Russian Federation, then for 20192021. the growth in real GRP of the western regions is 5 times higher than the corresponding figure in Asia, which is commensurate with the disproportions in labor productivity growth. In addition, for 2008–2015 and 2015–2019. the contribution of the Asian part of the Russian Federation to the economic growth of the country is approximately 30 %, while for 20192021. there is a reduction of up to 7 %, caused by a decrease in mining volumes.

In connection with the growing spatial unevenness of socioeconomic development in Russia, empirical assessments of the activities of the public sector at the regional level are of scientific interest. Russia is a federal state in which all subjects have equal status; therefore, it is assumed that the state should strive to perform its functions equally throughout the country. A review of research into the activities of the public sector showed a lack of studies on its comprehensive assessment using Russian data at a regional level, which determined the aim of this study. The proposed assessment methodology is based on construction of a composite index of 74 indicators of socioeconomic development of regions for 2011–2020, in the formation of which the public sector plays a significant role. The PSP (Public Sector Performance) assessment methodology was modified by the authors by increasing the number of indicators considered and changing the standardization method, taking into account the characteristics of the data set. A procedure was also applied for assigning various weights to indicators through expert assessment of the state’s influence on them. A composite PSP index by region and subindices for eight blocks were calculated: Transport Infrastructure; Healthcare; Education, Science and Innovation; Sports and Culture; Social support; Safety; Ecology; and Economic Development. The Gini coefficient indicates low differentiation of PSP in Russian regions, although the leaders of the final ranking are Moscow and St. Petersburg by a significant margin. The gap behind the leaders is more pronounced in the first three blocks. Authorities can use the results to identify weaknesses of regions, and sectoral spatial gaps; to develop directions for correcting government programs; and to determine the pool of interregional interactions in order to transfer the best administrative cases, projects, and practices from leading regions in the corresponding areas.