Institute of Electronics

Food wastage and inefficient distribution of surplus food continue to be major social challenges, especially in developing countries, where large quantities of edible food are discarded while many people face food insecurity. To address this gap, this paper proposes a AI Integrated digital framework for efficient food donation management using the MERN stack. The proposed system provides a centralized web-based platform that connects food donors such as restaurants, event organizers, and households with verified NGOs and volunteers in real time. Using the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js) and Gen AI, the framework ensures scalability, secure data handling, and responsive user interaction. Key features include donor and receiver registration by admin that ensures user safety check , real-time food request and acceptance, location-based matching, status tracking, and administrative monitoring to ensure transparency, authenticity and accountability. Unlike traditional manual or semi-automated donation systems, the proposed framework minimizes delays, reduces food spoilage, and improves coordination among stakeholders. The system also supports data analytics for tracking donation patterns and measuring social impact. Overall, this digital framework aims to reduce food waste, enhance operational efficiency in food donation processes, and contribute to sustainable social welfare through modern web technologies.

Abstract – The Automatic Power factor Correction (APFC) using Arduino project aims to enhance electrical system efficiency by maintaining a near-unity power factor. Power Factor is crucial for optimizing energy usage and reducing wastage in electrical networks. The system employs an Arduino microcontroller to continuously monitor the power factor and based on real-time measurements, automatically controls power factor correction capacitors. Through precise control .the Arduino adjusts the capacitors to ensure the power factor remains close to unity , thereby minimizing reactive power and enhancing overall system performance. This project contributes to energy conservation and cost reduction in industrial and commercial settings by intelligently managing reactive power, aligning it with the real power demand. The integration of Arduino technology provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for power factor correction, promoting sustainability and resource efficiency in electrical systems. Key Words: Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC), Arduino, Power factor improvement, Reactive power compensation, Capacitor bank control, Energy efficiency, Real-time monitoring, Industrial power management.

Abstract We report on a new series of polycrystalline perovskite-related compounds from the A n B n O 3n-2 homologous series with general formula PbBaFe 2-x Co x O 5 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). The compounds were successfully synthesized by employing a modified solution-combustion technique. An additional experimental information was obtained by neutron diffraction, confirming that the studied compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma and are isostructural with the end member PbBaFe 2 O 5 . At 300 K, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure with a propagation vector k = (0, ½, ½) was determined to develop in both undoped PbBaFe 2 O 5 and low-doped PbBaFe 1.75 Co 0.25 O 5 . For the low doped composition, the saturated effective magnetic (Fe,Co) moment at T=10 K was refined to M s =4.05±0.02 μ B and the antiferromagnetic transition temperature was estimated as T N =561±10 K.

In contemporary digital communication and memory systems, error detection and repair methods are essential to preserving data reliability.The Hamming code is one of the most popular error correction methods because it can identify and fix single-bit faults with little redundancy.However, continual switching activity in synchronous digital systems frequently results in increased power consumption for typical Hamming encoder and decoder circuits.In order to solve this problem, clock gating techniques have been incorporated into current designs in order to lower dynamic power by turning off the clock signal while it is idle.Even though clock gating increases power efficiency, next-generation low-power VLSI systems need more tuning.The construction of a low-power (7,4) Hamming code encoder and decoder utilizing reversible logic gates is presented in this study.In order to minimize information loss and heat dissipation while performing parity creation, syndrome computation, and error correction operations, the suggested architecture uses reversible gates such as Feynman and Double Feynman Gates.While the decoder computes syndrome bits to identify and fix single-bit faults in the incoming codeword, the encoder uses reversible logic networks to provide parity bits.Verilog HDL is used to implement the design, and FPGA synthesis tools are used to evaluate it.In comparison to traditional and clockgated implementations, experimental results show that the suggested reversible logic-based architecture provides lower power usage and propagation delay.As a result, the suggested system offers a dependable, energy-efficient solution for contemporary VLSI communication and memory applications.

Traditional centralized power stations face challenges such as high greenhouse gas emissions, reliance on non-renewable resources, and inefficiencies in meeting peak power demand. Additionally, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) like solar and wind complicate efforts to maintain a consistent power supply and grid stability. This study proposes a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) that integrates a Photovoltaic (PV) system with a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) to address these challenges. The PV system incorporates a High Gain Cubic Boost Converter (HG-CBC), regulated by a Raccoon Optimized Algorithm (ROA) based Proportional Integral (PI) controller, to enhance voltage levels. The DFIG based WECS stabilizes power flow through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier and a PI-controlled PWM generator. Moreover, a 3-phase Voltage Source Inverter (3Φ VSI) converts DC power into AC for grid integration. Experimental verification using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrates a high efficiency of 98%, showcasing the model's ability to significantly boost system reliability and suitability for HRES-powered grids.

Hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:H) thin films were modified using 266 nm picosecond laser pulses to investigate structural transformations at low and moderate fluences. Nitrogen-doped hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon layers 20–40 nm thick were deposited on silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide on silicon (SiO2/Si) substrates and irradiated with picosecond pulses at 0.5–1.6 J cm−2 using a raster-scanned beam. Structural changes in morphology, composition, and bonding were evaluated via optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Even below 1.0 J cm−2, localized color shifts and slight swelling indicated early structural rearrangements without significant material removal. Above 1.0–1.2 J cm−2, the films were largely ablated, although a persistent 3–6 nm carbon layer remained on both substrate types. XPS showed an increase in sp2-bonded carbon by roughly 15%–20% in optimally modified regions, and Raman spectroscopy revealed defect-activated D-bands and the formation of multilayer defective graphene or reduced-graphene-oxide-like flakes at ablation boundaries. These results indicate that picosecond ultraviolet irradiation enables controllable graphitization and thinning of ta-C:H films while maintaining uniform processing over centimeter-scale areas, providing a route to thin, conductive, partially graphitized carbon coatings for optical and electronic applications.