Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais

Este estudo avaliou a eficiência da pulverização agrícola realizada com drones em plantas daninhas presentes em áreas de pastagem de Urochloa eminii, através de cinco alturas de voo: 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 m. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Almenara-MG, na região do Baixo Vale do Jequitinhonha, nordeste de Minas Gerais. O herbicida foi simulado pelo uso de uma calda de pulverização preparada, utilizando-se água com óleo mineral, na proporção de 500 mL de óleo para cada 10 L de água. Para a coleta dos dados, foram distribuídos na área 20 cartões hidrossensíveis por parcela, posicionados a 70 cm de altura do solo para simular o dossel do alvo (plantas daninhas). Em laboratório, com o auxílio do software Gotas, foram identificados: a densidade de gotas (gotas cm-2), amplitude relativa (adimensional), o diâmetro da mediana volumétrica (DMV) (μm) e a cobertura (%). Os resultados indicaram que a altura de voo de 4 m proporcionou, para as condições locais deste trabalho, a melhor qualidade de aplicação em pastagem de Urochloa eminii. A segunda melhor altura de voo foi 6 m, pois obteve a mesma classificação dos parâmetros avaliados em 4 m, com exceção apenas de densidade de gotas. Já as alturas de voos de 8, 10 e 12 m demonstraram menor eficiência na aplicação para quase todos os parâmetros utilizados, exceto para o DMV, que não se diferiu entre as alturas de voo avaliadas.

O Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) constitui um dos principais instrumentos internacionais de comparação educacional, articulando testes cognitivos e questionários contextuais voltados à análise de fatores associados à qualidade dos sistemas de ensino. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar, descrever e comparar a intensidade com que seis países sul-americanos — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Peru e Uruguai — adotam medidas de garantia e melhoria da qualidade educacional, a partir da análise do item SC037 do questionário contextual da escola do Pisa 2022 (OECD, 2022). Adota-se uma abordagem quantitativa, de caráter exploratório, orientada pelo paradigma indiciário, com emprego de estatísticas descritivas, Teste Qui-Quadrado de Independência, V de Cramer e Resíduos Padronizados Ajustados. Os resultados indicam diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os países em todas as medidas analisadas, com associações predominantemente fracas a moderadas. Os maiores tamanhos de efeito concentram-se no aconselhamento de professores e no registro sistemático de dados administrativos e de desenvolvimento profissional docente, evidenciando padrões distintos de incorporação dessas medidas e arranjos diversos de governança educacional. Conclui-se que os dispositivos analisados privilegiam dimensões do trabalho docente passíveis de formalização e mensuração, enquanto aspectos mais processuais e relacionais da docência permanecem pouco capturados pelos instrumentos formais de avaliação da qualidade educacional.

Agroecology combines ecological, social, and cultural knowledge to create resilient and sustainable agricultural systems. In semi-arid regions like Minas Gerais, Federal Institutes promote teaching, research, and extension to strengthen rural communities’ productivity and autonomy. This study aimed to analyze successful agroecological education and community extension actions developed at the Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais (IFNMG) – Araçuaí Campus, located in the Brazilian semi-arid region, highlighting their contributions to student training, the strengthening of family farming, and sustainable territorial development. The research is characterized as applied, qualitative, and descriptive, based on the systematization of pedagogical and extension experiences conducted between January 2025 to January 2026. The analyzed actions included discussion circles, technical lectures, a Field Day on agroecological cultivation, the implementation of portable sustainable gardens as a didactic modeling strategy, and the production and distribution of 300 fruit and forest seedlings. Data were collected through institutional records, participant observation, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic categorization. The results demonstrated significant formative, technical, and socio-environmental impacts. Active methodologies strengthened systemic thinking and student protagonism, while extension activities enhanced dialogue between scientific knowledge and local wisdom. The high level of community participation evidenced the mobilizing potential of agroecological practices grounded in experiential learning and knowledge exchange. The production and distribution of seedlings reinforced environmental education and territorial sustainability. It is concluded that agroecology, when integrated into professional education and rural extension, constitutes a transformative strategy that consolidates the inseparability of teaching, research, and extension in semi-arid contexts.

BACKGROUNDGastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure indicated for en bloc resection of superficial gastric neoplasms, especially in cases of early-stage gastric adenocarcinoma. Its implementation has been widely consolidated in Asian countries and is growing steadily at Western endoscopy units.AIMTo analyze the learning curve of gastric submucosal endoscopic dissection in one of the largest Western series reported to date.METHODSA retrospective study was conducted, including patients who underwent ESD for superficial gastric neoplasms between 2009 and 2025. Patients were divided into 4 consecutive chronological phases to assess temporal trends in outcomes: (1) Phase I: From case 1 to case 40; (2) Phase II: From case 41 to case 80; (3) Phase III: From case 81 to case 120; and (4) Phase IV: From case 121 to case 162. The following parameters were analyzed within each group and phase: Age, gender, average procedure time, tumor size, en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate (R0), curative resection rate, adverse event rate, histopathological report of the resected specimen, and location of the lesion.RESULTSA total of 164 ESD procedures were performed. The duration of the first phase, second phase, third phase, and fourth phase was 77 months, 40 months, 37 months, and 50 months, respectively. In the first phase of the study (phase I) the mean tumor size, mean procedure time, en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate and curative resection rate were: 21.5 mm, 99.4 minutes, 97.5% (39/40), 92.5% (37/40) and 87.5% (35/40) respectively, while in the last phase of the study (phase IV) those features were: 25.6 mm, 107.7 minutes, 90.4% (38/42), 83.3% (35/42) and 78.5% (33/42) respectively. Likewise, the overall rate of adverse events in phase I was 0% and in phase IV was 7.1% (3/42) (P = 0.35) (mortality associated with the procedure: 0%). The Cumulative Sum Curve showed a turning point in the curve in case number 112.CONCLUSIONProficiency in gastric ESD takes more than one hundred procedures to be achieved in Western settings, with high standards of safety and efficacy, provided that rigorous and systematic training is combined with a planned progression of case complexity.

Neste estudo, a discussão parte da epistemologia freiriana sobre educação e alfabetização em uma perspectiva de conscientização. O objetivo é analisar as experiências de docentes e discentes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), escutando suas vozes acerca das práticas alfabetizadoras vivenciadas nesse processo educativo escolarizado. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, operando com os procedimentos técnicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, realizada na Escola Estadual José Ângelo dos Santos, no município de Barra do Garças (MT). O processo de produção das informações ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com perguntas abertas, realizadas com seis participantes, sendo três professoras e três alunos (as) da EJA. Os resultados reforçam os desafios, as dificuldades e os enfrentamentos inerentes à realidade de quem ensina e de quem aprende na EJA. Os dois grupos sociais apresentam questões que testemunham essa realidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, suas vozes se juntam no sentido de demonstrarem uma relação dialógica e de parceria no processo de alfabetização, reconhecendo o valor da leitura de mundo e da leitura da palavra como horizonte possível para a construção autêntica da autonomia e a conscientização. Palavras-chave : Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Leituras. Letramentos Sociais. Alfabetização. Práticas Pedagógicas. ABSTRACT In this study, the discussion is grounded in Freirean epistemology on education and literacy from a perspective of consciousness-raising. The objective is to analyze the experiences of teachers and students in Youth and Adult Education (YAE), listening to their voices regarding the literacy practices experienced in this formal educational process. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, employing the technical procedures of bibliographic and field research, carried out at José Ângelo dos Santos State School, in the municipality of Barra do Garças (MT). The information was produced through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, conducted with six participants, three teachers and three YAE students. The results reinforce the challenges, difficulties, and struggles inherent to the reality of those who teach and those who learn in YAE. Both social groups present issues that bear witness to this reality, but, at the same time, their voices converge to reveal a dialogical and collaborative relationship in the literacy process, recognizing the value of reading the world and reading the word as a possible horizon for the authentic construction of autonomy and consciousness-raising. Keywords : Youth and Adult Education. Reading Practices. Social Literacies. Literacy. Pedagogical Practices.

Abstract This study aimed to compare the pre-defoliation heights of Marandu palisade grass (MPG) grown in full sun conditions versus those grown in a silvopastoral system with varying levels of shading over two years of pasture management. The experimental design adopted was completely randomised, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with different shading levels implemented between the silvopastoral system rows. The shading treatments included silvopastoral with 55–60 %, 50–55 %, 45–50 %, and 40–45 % shading, along with an additional treatment of MPG grown in full sun (monoculture). In the subplots, four pre-defoliation management heights for MPG were tested: 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm. The results revealed that the total number of tillers was higher in the full sun treatment, showing an average of 12.5 % more tillers per m 2 over the two years compared to the highest shading treatment in the silvopastoral system. Additionally, pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm demonstrated the highest total chlorophyll indices in the MPG plants. The greatest dry mass productivity of MPG was also observed at pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm. Increasing shading levels negatively impacted the productivity of the MPG. However, MPG managed at pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm exhibited better adaptation to the shaded system. This reinforces its suitability for silvopastoral systems due to its good shade tolerance (40–45 %) and the flexibility it provides in pasture and livestock management.

Abstract This work addresses the inverse identification of a Neumann-type boundary heat flux, simultaneously dependent on the spatial coordinate and time, in a two-dimensional transient conduction problem in a rectangular domain. The direct problem is solved by means of the Classical Integral Transform Technique, which provides an explicit modal representation for the temperature field in terms of normalized eigenfunctions associated with the Neumann eigenvalue problem. This formulation allows , in the transformed space, the separation of the contributions of the initial condition and the boundary flux, leading to an analytical expression for the transformed temperatures as a function of the time-dependent modal coefficients of the unknown flux. In the inverse problem, the boundary flux is approximated by a truncated expansion in the eigenfunctions in the transverse direction, and the temporal coefficients of this expansion are explicitly recovered from transformed temperature data, through a centered finite-difference discretization of the transformed modal ordinary differential equations. A functional sensitivity analysis shows that, for each transverse mode, the choice of the first longitudinal mode maximizes the sensitivity of the transformed temperatures with respect to the flux coefficients, providing a simple and robust criterion for selecting the most informative mode. Additionally, the modal truncation level in the transverse direction is automatically determined from an adapted version of Morozov’s discrepancy principle, formulated in terms of the mean squared error between reconstructed temperatures and noisy data. The proposed methodology is numerically assessed with synthetic data, considering three flux profiles and different noise levels. The results show that the explicit formulation is able to reconstruct Neumann fluxes with good accuracy, while remaining simple to implement and computationally inexpensive.

Este artigo analisa o trabalho de composição das capas do romance Quarentas dias, de Maria Valéria Rezende, nas duas edições publicadas (2014 e 2024). A análise visa a deslindar alguns caminhos interpretativos sugeridos pelas referidas capas a partir de seu modo de composição. Ao fim da análise, constata-se, pelo estratégico planejamento de cada capa, que a da primeira edição ressalta o aspecto metaliterário do romance, focalizando o exercício da escrita da narradora construída como autora, ao passo que a segunda capa coloca em destaque a temática da desigualdade social brasileira, que se mostra encarnada no contraditório espaço urbano encenado no romance.

ABSTRACT The Innovation Law, enacted in Brazil in 2004, laid the regulatory and institutional foundations for the national innovation system, aiming to promote closer interaction between universities, research institutions, and industry. However, nearly two decades after its implementation, its influence on the national innovation system remains largely unexplored from an empirical perspective. This study examines the law's influence on the number of patents filed by Brazilian residents, considering the moderating role of regional disparities and state‐level inventive activity. Using a Poisson regression model with panel data from 1997 to 2023, the results indicate that the law, in isolation, did not have a significant influence on the number of patents. However, its influence was partially positively moderated in the Northeast region and negatively in the Southeast and South regions. Additionally, the inventive activity at the state level exhibited an inverse moderating effect, suggesting that less developed innovation systems may benefit more from such regulations and reinforcing the need for adaptive policies tailored to regional specificities. These findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the importance of contextual factors in the effectiveness of innovation policies and providing insights for regulatory improvements and regional development strategies, especially in an emerging economy.

Este artigo surgiu após a experiência do autor como professor da disciplina “Ensino de Geografia e Cinema”, na Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Apesar de o uso de filmes em aulas de Geografia no ensino básico ser uma prática bastante corriqueira, nota-se um reduzido número de produções acadêmicas voltadas a essa temática. Tal realidade pode ser explicada pelo caráter bacharelesco que (ainda) impera nos cursos de licenciatura, em programas de pós-graduação e na pesquisa acadêmica, de maneira geral. Nessa lógica, são enfatizados os conhecimentos técnicos da ciência geográfica em detrimento de sua dimensão pedagógica. Longe de querer esgotar os diálogos possíveis entre ensino de Geografia e cinema, busca-se aqui apresentar um material que, a nosso ver, poderá ser aproveitado tanto por docentes que trabalham disciplinas voltadas à temática “Geografia e cinema”, quanto por profissionais do magistério que atuam nos ensinos fundamental e médio.