Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul

Arterial hypertension has been linked to cognitive decline, potentially through cerebrovascular alterations and associations with Alzheimer's disease. A positive correlation between elevated serum cholesterol levels and cognitive impairment has been observed. However, the impact of hypercholesterolemia on cognitive decline in both hypertensive rats and patients remains unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia exacerbates cognitive decline in hypertensive rats and human patients. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia underwent behavioral testing to assess recognition, spatial, and working memory. In patients with stage 2 hypertension, cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instruments. In SHRs, hypercholesterolemia did not alter cognitive performance. Treatment of SHR with amlodipine or captopril decreased arterial pressure; however, this reduction did not improve cognition performance. The MMSE and MoCA, respectively, revealed cognitive impairment in 87.1 and 97.6% of the hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in the mean scores between hypertensive patients with and without hypercholesterolemia. No significant correlation was observed between cognitive scores and the use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering agents. These observations provide evidence that hypercholesterolemia does not exacerbate cognitive impairment in hypertension. Furthermore, our current findings support the hypothesis that antihypertensive treatment, in the absence of strict blood pressure control, may be insufficient to prevent hypertension-related cognitive decline.

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is a South American native plant whose leaves are used to produce mate, a traditional hot water infusion. The species is rich in secondary metabolites of economic interest and grows naturally in acidic, low-fertility soils where aluminum (Al) is highly bioavailable. However, the influence of Al on secondary metabolism and infusion composition is poorly understood. We cultivated I. paraguariensis in a hydroponic system with increasing Al concentrations. Plant morphology and photosynthesis parameters were not affected, while reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant enzymatic activity increased. The concentration of secondary metabolites in the infusion, such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids, exhibited compound-specific changes. Aluminum was detected in the infusion, but its concentration remained similar across treatments, suggesting that external Al supply does not necessarily transfer to the beverage. These findings indicate that I. paraguariensis is Al tolerant, and that Al modulates yerba mate oxidative metabolism, altering infusion composition without impairing physiological parameters.

The study presents gender issues on small rural properties. This qualitative, study was to identify and discuss the challenges and potential of women in family farming, based on Feminist Theory and the dimensions of the FIRO Theory. Eighteen women were interviewed, and primary data were analyzed using content analysis. The interviews revealed 104 obstacles, with lack of income, gender devaluation, and difficult working conditions as the most salient issues. This study provides insights into the gender-based challenges faced by women in family farming and proposes sustainable interventions to address them. It was possible to understand how women relate to other family members, considering their position in businesses.

Abstract Pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in surface water, and even at trace concentrations, they may pose ecological and health risks. In this study, heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was applied under simulated solar irradiation to degrade sodium diclofenac. Irradiation times of 60, 120, and 180 min were used with a TiO 2 loading of 0.6 g L −1 . Under these conditions, only ~ 20% diclofenac degradation and 50% COD removal were achieved, indicating relatively low treatment efficiency. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytokinesis assays with Allium cepa did not reveal statistically significant toxic effects; however, some genotoxic responses were observed. Overall, no clear evidence of transformation products more harmful than the parent compound was detected, although this result should be interpreted with caution, given the observed genotoxic responses. Overall, heterogeneous photocatalysis exhibited limited performance under the tested conditions. Further studies with a broader experimental design and more detailed analytical approaches are required to confirm both its efficiency and safety.

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa pós-doutoral dedicada à investigação de uma estética específica na poesia afro-latino-americana escrita por mulheres negras, denominada Estética Diaspórica. Fundamentada nos Estudos Afro-latino-americanos e em conceitos como amefricanidade, pós-memória e escrevivência, a análise concentra-se em analisar poemas escolhidos de Nancy Morejón (Cuba), Conceição Evaristo (Brasil) e Mary Grueso Romero (Colômbia). A denominada Estética Diaspórica é aqui compreendida como um conjunto de procedimentos poéticos que retomam a África como referência simbólica, ancorando-se na memória coletiva da escravização e na experiência transatlântica como rota cultural constitutiva das identidades negras nas Américas. Ao aproximar as três autoras, o artigo busca demonstrar que as poetas em análise, desde seus respectivos contextos nacionais e trajetórias pessoais, reconfiguram o passado da escravização africana e diáspora africana na Améfrica, refazendo as rotas culturais impostas por tais processos históricos, e os transformm em uma expressão estética que se estabelece como uma ferramenta de resistência e reexistência no presente. Assim, a Estética Diaspórica se consolida como prática de reafirmação da negritude, reconfigurando a história e combatendo o racismo por meio da palavra literária.

Objetivo: Describir el abordaje odontológico integral en una paciente pediátrica institucionalizada con diagnóstico de holoprosencefalia, parálisis cerebral cuadripléjica espástica y múltiples comorbilidades, resaltando las adaptaciones clínicas y la importancia del trabajo multidisciplinario en el manejo de pacientes con discapacidades severas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo reporte de caso, basado en la atención odontológica de una paciente femenina de cinco años de edad, institucionalizada en Porto Alegre/RS y acogida en el Hogar de Santo Antônio dos Excepcionais. La paciente presentaba holoprosencefalia, microcefalia, epilepsia, fisura palatina, dependencia de gastrostomía y uso continuo de siete medicamentos. La evaluación clínica se efectuó en cama, debido a la imposibilidad de traslado, empleando técnicas adaptadas para el control postural y la apertura bucal limitada. Resultados: El examen odontológico mostró ausencia del incisivo central superior temporal (61) y de los incisivos inferiores, presencia de cálculo dental en molares temporales y factores predisponentes a sialorrea, relacionados con alteraciones orofaciales, maloclusión y deficiente sellado labial. El tratamiento incluyó raspado supragingival, profilaxis, educación en higiene bucal dirigida al personal de apoyo y planificación de controles periódicos. Las sesiones se realizaron bajo supervisión multiprofesional, priorizando la comodidad y seguridad de la paciente. Conclusiones: El caso evidencia la complejidad de la atención odontológica en pacientes pediátricos con discapacidades neurológicas y sistémicas graves. La adaptación ergonómica, el manejo conductual y la coordinación interdisciplinaria son fundamentales para garantizar una atención humanizada y efectiva. Este tipo de abordaje contribuye a mejorar la salud bucal, prevenir complicaciones sistémicas y favorecer la calidad de vida de pacientes con necesidades especiales de salud.

Apresentação da REMAT, v. 11, 2025. Publicação contínua: 01/01/2025 a 31/12/2025.

Este estudo revisou sistematicamente a literatura sobre dislexia em adolescentes do ensino médio integrado ao técnico, buscando identificar sinais e promover seu desenvolvimento. Utilizando a metodologia Design Science Research, foram analisados 30 artigos das bases Scopus, Scielo e Web of Science, publicados entre 2013 e 2023 objetivando a elaboração de uma crítica e de um produto educacional para tratativa da temática envolvida. A pesquisa revelou uma lacuna na literatura sobre a formação na educação profissional e tecnológica para adolescentes com dislexia. Destacou-se a necessidade de adaptar políticas educacionais para atender às suas necessidades, garantindo acesso a recursos e apoio adequados. As áreas emergentes de pesquisa incluem o desenvolvimento de intervenções específicas, a análise do impacto da dislexia na trajetória educacional e profissional, e a investigação das experiências dos jovens. Com base nos resultados, foi elaborado um produto educacional para auxiliar na identificação e práticas de ensino para esses indivíduos.