Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés"

Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare neoplasm of the lymphatic system, representing one of the most common cancers in young adults. It is characterised by a low number of malignant cells derived from B-lymphocytes and an extensive microenvironment. We used Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases with search descriptors; “Hodgkin* lymphoma“ and “Hodgkin* disease”. The common bibliometric indicators were applied. We retrieved a total of 18,304 articles within 2002 and 2022. The growth pattern showed a saturated pattern, with the linear and exponential plots coinciding. A small number of authors were responsible for the majority of the publications, with a transience index of 71.84%. The Bradford core consisted of 32 journals, with Leukemia and Lymphoma being at the top. The most productive institutions were resident in United States with the University of Texas MD Anderson Center at the helm. The United States was found to be the most productive country. Engert A. was the most productive author. Scientific production in Hodgkin lymphoma was found to be saturated with a high transience index. This study provides a reference for oncologists, epidemiologists, funders, policy decision makers, academics, and Hodgkin lymphoma researchers.

Photonic devices greatly benefit from the ability to reconfigure their optical properties. To achieve this with disordered optical materials, it is possible to make use of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in which the scattering originates from randomly distributed liquid crystal droplets that respond to external stimuli, such as light, temperature, and magnetic or electric fields. In this work, we present a speckle-based analysis to investigate the reconfigurability of the dynamic and static scattering properties of dye-doped PDLCs, as a function of dye concentration and light intensity. Our findings allow us to distinguish between reversible and non-reversible molecular rearrangements after a light-induced phase transition, occurring on millisecond timescale. The degree of reversibility is quantified using cross-correlation analysis based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. As a proof-of-concept application, we exploit their non-reversible reconfiguration properties to create a cryptographic optical physical unclonable function whose behavior can progressively be erased in case of malicious attacks. We demonstrate a non-reversibility, assessed through the uniqueness metric, that ranges from 30% to 40% depending on dye content. Leveraging their intensity-dependent scattering properties, these disordered materials emerge as ideal candidates for advanced nonlinear information processing and secret-free security applications.

This work presents a high-efficiency, single-drive U-shape MOS capacitor Michelson interferometer modulator. The introduced U-shape structure enables vertical compression of the optical mode, which significantly enhances the modulation efficiency without compromising series resistance or loaded capacitance. Furthermore, by adopting a Michelson interferometer configuration, the device doubles the effective modulation length through bidirectional light propagation, while maintaining an unchanged capacitance. The designed device achieves a high modulation efficiency of 1.08 V·mm and achieves 50 Gbaud/s operation with an extinction ratio about 2.3 dB under a low 2 Vpp drive voltage. The proposed U-shape MOS capacitor modulator reduces reliance on external driver circuits in OIO and CPO transmitters, offering a promising solution for energy-efficient and compact electro-optic modulators.

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often disrupts binocular vision, causing deviations on the cover test and reduced stereopsis that impair functional visual performance. This study investigated the effects of a dichoptic vision therapy protocol-based on an immersive virtual reality (VR) system-on visual field parameters, oculomotor reaction times, and self-reported visual symptoms in adults with ABI. Methods: In a controlled parallel-group design, adult ABI patients (median age 51 years) were assigned to an experimental group (dichoptic VR therapy) or a control group. Six sessions of visual therapy were performed. Primary outcomes included perimetric visual field indices and oculomotor reaction times; the secondary outcome was the Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey (BIVSS) score. Etiology (stroke vs. traumatic brain injury) was recorded. Results: No statistically significant improvements were found in perimetric visual field indices (p > 0.05), except for a slight gain in the top-right quadrant in the experimental group. Reaction times did not differ significantly between groups. However, the experimental group reported a greater reduction in visual symptoms as measured by the BIVSS. Patients with traumatic brain injury exhibited better functional improvement, particularly in the top-left quadrant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Dichoptic VR-based therapy did not restore perimetric field losses in ABI patients but reduced visual symptoms and may enhance functional adaptation of residual vision rather than structural recovery. The therapeutic response varied by etiology, favoring traumatic brain injury. Larger, longer trials integrating objective and subjective measures, including neuroimaging, are warranted.

This study takes a further step forward in the analytical treatment of Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) kinetics for heterogeneous catalysis by deriving its closed-form solution. Unlike previous studies, we present a general solution that does not impose severe restrictions on the experimental conditions. This solution not only recovers the typical first- and zeroth-order regimes but also enables the simultaneous determination of the reaction rate constant and absorption–desorption equilibrium constant, unlike the traditional approaches to this equation, which needed additional isotherm experiments. The final solution requires a fine mathematical treatment for its numerical implementation, but enhanced approximations of the closed-form solution overcome this problem without losing the main advantage of calculating both constants at the same time. A parameter called “critical time” has been introduced, whose calculation allows us to distinguish quantitatively between kinetic regimes. Finally, the validation of these approximations has been carried out with experiments on zinc oxide and anatase (TiO2) under different conditions. Anatase experiments undoubtedly show a first-order tendency, regardless the quantity of powder. On the other hand, the degradation regime of the ZnO case cannot be easily ascribed to the zeroth or first order by simple inspection, but the model can mathematically rule out the zeroth order and confirm that it undergoes first-order degradation.

IntroductionCorneal abrasions are common ocular injuries characterized by the loss of epithelial cells. Severe cases are often treated with amniotic membrane transplantation. However, as an allogenic tissue, it can trigger immune responses, it is scarce and costly, and may require suturing to the cornea. In this study, we propose and evaluate two silk fibroin-based hydrogels implanted in rabbit corneas with a sutureless photobonding technique as a surrogate for the amniotic membrane in corneal wound healing.MethodsSilk fibroin-based hydrogels were developed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300 or 3350. The hydrogels were stained with 0.01% Rose Bengal and photobonded to ex vivo de-epithelialized rabbit corneal strips using a custom-developed irradiation system (532 nm; 0.13 or 0.15 W/cm2 irradiance for 6.6 min). Bonding strength after 24 and 72 h under hydrated conditions was measured using a uniaxial stretcher, with five samples per experiment. An in vivo proof of concept study was also performed: hydrogels were implanted in four anesthetized rabbits that were euthanized immediately after photobonding for bonding assessment after 24 and 72 h in hydration. Two additional rabbits received in vivo implants, were clinically monitored for 15 and 30 days, and euthanized for histological evaluation.ResultsBonding strengths measured 24- or 72-h after irradiation at 0.13 or 0.15 W/cm2 of 532 nm light reached 2–3 N/cm2 for both types of Rose Bengal-stained hydrogels. In vivo bonding strength was consistent with the ex vivo results. At 15 and 30 days after the procedure, the corneas exhibited complete re-epithelialization beneath the hydrogel.ConclusionSilk fibroin-based hydrogels can be successfully bonded to ex vivo rabbit corneas using a sutureless photobonding technique, achieving high bonding strength. The in vivo proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of the surgical procedure and confirmed corneal re-epithelialization.

The field of visual and physiological optics is undergoing continuous significant advancements, driven by a deeper understanding of the human visual system and the development of cutting-edge optical technologies. This Roadmap, authored by leading experts, delves into critical areas such as corneal biomechanical properties, keratoconus, and advancements in corneal imaging and elastography. It explores the intricate structure-function relationship within the eye lens, offering new perspectives through lens models and ray tracing techniques. The document also covers advancements in retinal imaging, highlighting the current state and future directions, and the role of adaptive optics in evaluating retinal structure and function in both healthy and diseased eyes. Furthermore, it addresses the modeling of ocular surfaces using different mathematical functions and examines the factors affecting peripheral image quality in the human eye, emphasizing the importance of these aspects in visual performance. Additional topics include schematic and functional models of the human eye, the impact of optical and chromatic aberrations, and the design of contact, and intraocular lenses. Finally, the Roadmap addresses the intersection of neurosciences with vision health, presenting a comprehensive overview of current research and future trends aimed at improving visual health and optical performance. Ultimately, this Roadmap aims to serve as a valuable resource for ophthalmologists, optometrists, vision scientists, and engineers dedicated to advancing the field of visual and physiological optics.

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> This paper describes the first retrieval of cirrus optical and microphysical properties from ground-based measurements simultaneously with co-located measurements from aircraft. In particular, the present effort exploits infrared radiances spanning the mid to far-infrared spectral regime based on co-located in-situ aircraft sampling and ancillary ground-based remote sensing. Spectrally resolved radiances covering the range 400&ndash;1500 cm^&minus;1, in-situ measurements of cirrus particle sizes and habits, backscatter ceilometer observations of cloud vertical structure and microwave inferred temperature and humidity profiles are used to investigate whether we can obtain consistency between the derived cloud properties and atmospheric state from these independent sources of data. The primary focus of this study is on the sensitivity of the retrieved cloud particle size to the assumed crystal habit. Excellent consistency of the retrieved cloud parameters is achieved both with the ceilometer derived optical depth and the size distribution measured by the aircraft by assuming the crystal habit to be comprised of bullet rosettes. The averaged values of the effective diameter and optical depth obtained from radiometric measurements are (26.3&plusmn;0.5) <em>&mu;</em>m and (0.130&plusmn;0.004) in comparison with the values derived from in-situ and ceilometer measurements equal to (31.5&plusmn;5.0) <em>&mu;</em>m and (0.120&plusmn;0.004), respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the radiance information contained within the far-infrared (wavenumbers &lt; 650 cm^&minus;1) spectrum is critical to achieving this level of agreement with the in-situ aircraft observations. The results emphasize why it is vital to expand the currently limited, database of measurements encompassing the far-infrared spectrum, particularly in the presence of cirrus.