International Baccalaureate

The dedicated education unit (DEU) model was developed to address inadequacies in clinical nursing education. In contrast to the traditional clinical model, the DEU conceptualizes the cognitive apprenticeship theory by integrating bedside nurses into clinical educator roles, allowing students to be immersed in clinical settings that better prepare them for entry to practice. The Student Evaluation of Clinical Education Environment instrument was used to assess baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of their DEU clinical experience. Students viewed their faculty, preceptors, and DEU sites positively; one-third of participants applied for employment at their DEU site.

The article presents the results of the interpretation of biographical materials from Nikolai Bakhtin's personal archive, namely letters sent to him in Paris by his family from Nevel. Prior to this publication, the content of these letters, like most of the materials of the archive of Nikolai Bakhtin, was not known to the Russian scientific community. These letters are being published for the first time. They contain extensive biographical information about not only his family and himself, but also his brother, Michael. Of particular interest is the fact that this correspondence refers to the period between 1924 and 1925, when Mikhail Bakhtin moved from Vitebsk to Leningrad. The letters from his sisters and mother reveal the difficult nature of his relationship with his family and the complete breakdown in communication on his part. The article also provides a detailed description of the Nikolai Bakhtin Document Fund, which is stored in the Cadbury Research Library at the University of Birmingham. It is accompanied by extensive and detailed comments on the people and relatives mentioned in the letters and on those who surrounded Nicholas in England.

The burgeoning metabolic benefits of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists have led to their widespread use for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. While the pharmacological GLP1R agonist semaglutide primarily activates GLP1R signaling in the pancreas, GLP1R is also expressed in advanced prostate cancer where GLP1R agonism could directly alter cellular signaling. Because metabolic disorders and their treatment are common among those with prostate cancer, understanding the effects of semaglutide in prostate cells is critical for deciphering its systemic effects and delineating potential impacts on prostate cancer outcomes. In prostate cancer models, semaglutide decreased cell proliferation, glycolytic function, and phosphokinase-mediated signaling. This overall suppression of signaling downstream of GLP1R is consistent with inhibitory GPCR signaling, which was confirmed by reduced cAMP levels. Furthermore, cell proliferation was decreased with semaglutide alone and in combination with enzalutamide, supporting that GLP1R agonism may provide therapeutic benefit as a standalone treatment or to augment the therapeutic benefits of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Interestingly, in a trans-differentiation model (n = 55), GLP1R and AR expression were negatively correlated, while GLP1R and NEPC markers (DLL3, ASCL1) were positively correlated, suggesting an association between GLP1R and neuroendocrine differentiation. Bioinformatic analyses on publicly available patient RNA sequencing data (n = 664) identified significantly higher GLP1R expression in advanced prostate cancer vs benign prostate, where it was associated with negative Notch signaling. Taken together, our data support a model wherein GLP1R agonism blocks oncogenic signaling pathways and growth of prostate cancer cells, which could be exploited therapeutically for men with advanced prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT Early childhood education in Mexico is characterized by contrasting messages on the role of Indigenous languages as a medium of instruction. As an ethnography of language policy and planning, this paper examines how a teacher in a multi-grade Indigenous Maya preschool in the Yucatán Peninsula tries to promote the instruction of Maya with 2- to 6-year-olds. However, the burden of administrative and professional development obligations disrupts her teaching practices, eroding her linguistic confidence and shifting her ideologies of what it means to be a Maya speaker. Drawing on fractal recursivity, this paper argues that Maya non-speakerhood is not just a consequence of bureaucratic overload, but a structural outcome reinforced by top-down policies that reproduce linguistic hierarchies. Moreover, it examines how institutional framings erase Maya despite the existence of official bilingual programs, placing Maya in the periphery and, ultimately, accelerating language shift in the region.

Abstract Background Risankizumab (RZB) has been available in our country for Crohn’s disease (CD) patients through an early access program and is now administered using an innovative medical device known as an on-body injector (OBI). We assessed the acceptability and the tolerance of RZB administration via OBI and compare its acceptability with other modalities of CD treatments, and searched for factors associated with the OBI acceptability. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter longitudinal study. All CD patients from the early access cohort treated with RZB via OBI starting in February 2024 were assessed at the time of the switch to OBI (week 0 = W0) and at W8, W16, and W24. The primary endpoint was acceptability, evaluated using a acceptability numerical scale (ANS) ranging from 0 (completely unacceptable) to 10 (perfectly acceptable). Results A total of 58 multi-refractory patients were included (mean age : 42.8 ± 13.8 years; 57.9% were women, 17.3% were smokers, 64.7% had a history of intestinal resection, and 78.2% were in PRO2-clinical remission). Therapeutic education sessions were conducted concurrently for 36.2% (21/58) of patients. OBI was applied to abdomen, thigh, or another site in 43.9%, 52.6%, and 3.5% of patients, respectively. RZB administration via OBI was well tolerated in 57.4%, with possible mild application-site pain (20.4%, mild in 90% of cases), localized erythema (22.2%), pruritus (16.7%), edema (16.7%). No factors affected the acceptability of risankizumab administration via OBI in more than 15% of patients. RZB acceptability via OBI was very high (9.5 ± 1.2) at W0, significantly better than RZB subcutaneous injections (6.98 ± 2.57; p < 0.0001). OBI acceptability remained stable over time: 9.6 ± 1.2 at W8, 9.6 ± 1.4 at W16, and 9.6 ± 0.8 at W24 (p = 0.97). OBI acceptability as a medical device was better than other injectable administration modalities for IBD treatments: IV infusions (p < 0.0001), pen injectors (p < 0.001), and syringes (p < 0.001). Overall, patients preferred OBI (64.0%), followed by oral administration (28.0%), subcutaneous injections (6.0%), and IV infusions (2.0%). When adjusted for administration frequency, RZB every 8 weeks via OBI was the most preferred method (ANS = 9.2 ± 2.0), compared to long interval subcutaneous injections (every 12, 8, or 4 weeks), more frequent injections (weekly or eow), and IV infusions every 4–8 weeks (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusion In this cohort of refractory patients, the administration of risankizumab via OBI was highly acceptable to CD patients with excellent tolerance, suggesting that this new medical device could promote the use of risankizumab in clinical practice.

Introduction:Affordable and accurate nucleic acid synthesis is foundational to modern biotechnology, but raises security concerns because it facilitates the construction of pathogens and other potentially dangerous biological agents. Nucleic acid synthesis screening can reduce the risk of providing potentially harmful nucleic acids to those without a legitimate use for them. Governments, industry associations, and biosecurity organizations have offered guidance on synthesis screening for a decade, and are now considering how to translate industry best practices into regulatory frameworks.Methods:A review of existing guidance documents, policy proposals, and other published literature was performed.Results:We distinguish five categories of practical questions for policymakers: challenges associated with customer screening, sequence screening, the interaction between domestic and global regulations, commercial implications of screening, and finally, challenges associated with benchtop nucleic acid synthesis devices. There are a number of recommendations in public literature that target the implementation of robust customer and sequence screening, several of which have been incorporated into the recent United States White House Executive Order on artificial intelligence. There appears to be fewer solutions proposed to address challenges associated with the global screening landscape, or the commercial implications of screening requirements, and limited discussion on securing the benchtop synthesis landscape.Discussion and Conclusion:This paper aims at providing a comprehensive resource for policymakers, outlining a set of questions governments, and other stakeholders, must answer when implementing screening requirements to secure nucleic acid synthesis.

Acquiring knowledge and education is one of the cornerstones of the formation of a person as an individual, humanistic freedom

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions, including difficulties in cognition, social interaction, communication, and repetitive motion. To understand the mechanism of ASD and to look for its potential therapeutic targets, this study performed an integrative analysis of risk alleles of ASD via multiple databases, investigated the functional impact of gene expression by these alleles and identified differential gene expression between patients with ASD and controls. CDH9 and MET are especially highlighted for linkage with ASD, due to genes’ high expression in the brain, SNP’s regulation in gene expression, and differential expression in neurons of ASD and control. DOCK4 (rs2217262), NTM (rs1550976), CDH9 (rs4307059), MACROD2 (rs4141463), SLTM (rs7179456), and MET (rs1858830) are suggested genes and SNPs possibly associated to ASD based on genes’ high expression levels in brain and alternate SNP’s regulation on gene expression levels. Neuron recognition, signal transduction, and cell adhesion are pathways adjusted by these genes, thus suggesting their potential role in ASD mechanism.