International Center for Astronomical, Medical and Ecological Research

Particles of water ice are an integral part of many objects of the solar system - from the Moon and comets to the satellites of giant planets. For example, Europa is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and has a water-ice crust on surface. To study the chemical and physical properties of Europa’s ice crust, both photopolarimetrical observations and computer simulation of light scattering are required. Fig. 1 represents the new most accurate the phase curve of polarization of Europa in the filter R, obtained in 2018-2019 at the 2.6 - m telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and 2-m RCC telescope of the Pik Terskol Observatory.But for proper interpretation of observational data we should have information about the shape of the ice particles. Transition between amorphous and crystalline water ice phase can dramatically change the photopolarimetrical properties.We carried out the computer simulation of light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals and amorphous ice particles (see fig. 2).Shape of hexagonal crystals of water ice is described by Niels Bjerrum [1]. As a model of amorphous ice, random Gaussian particles were chosen, described in detail in [2].The particles are characterized by a size parameter X = 2πR/λ, where λ is the wavelength of the incident light, and R is the radius of sphere of equal volume. Here we consider a wide range of wavelengths - from 0.4 μm to 2.8 μm. To calculate the light scattering properties of individual scattering particles the T-matrix method is often used [3]. Our calculations were performed by modifying the T-matrix method (the so-called Sh-matrices method, or the shape matrices method, described in [4, 5]).Particles can be characterized by a complex refractive index m0 = n + i∙k. The spectral dependence of the refractive index (both real and imaginary parts) of ice particles on the wavelength is shown in Fig. 3. Data taken from [6]. We calculated the intensity of light scattered by crystalline and amorphous ice particles at particles size R = 0.5µm. The results of the calculations are shown on figure 4. On this figure you can see the maps of ln(I), where intensity depends on both phase angle and wavelength of scattered light.The linear polarization of scattered light by is characterized by the following equation:                                                                   (1)where  and  are the intensity of perpendicular and parallel components of scattered light with respect to the scattering plane.Figure 5 shows maps of the degree of linear polarization of amorphous and crystalline ice particles. The X axis corresponds to the scattering angle values, and the Y axis - to the wavelengths.The figure shows a noticeable difference between the crystalline and amorphous structures. In the case of a crystalline structure, the branch of negative polarization is generally deeper and exists in a wider range of wavelengths.For the most visual demonstration of differences, Figure 6 is shown, on which maps of the difference in intensity and degree of linear polarization of light scattered by crystalline and amorphous ice are built. Based on figures, we can draw the following conclusions:   References

The research deals with the study of immuno-microbiological parallels of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases. In addition to etiotropic antibacterial therapy, correction of the mucosal immunity state of the genital tract is crucial for the treatment of the disease and prevention of its recurrence. The purpose of the work was to investigate the contamination and state of local immunity of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with different clinical courses. Methods. 246 women of reproductive age suffering from acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis were studied, divided into three variants of the disease clinical course: group 1 - mild (n=105), group 2 - moderate (n=90), and group 3 - severe (n=51) courses. The scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and washings from the vagina were obtained before the start of antimicrobial therapy. Quantitative determination of pathogens was carried out by sowing the biological material on solid nutrient environment. Identification of detached bacteria was carried out according to Bergeys. Mollicutes (Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis) were determined by the cultural-fermentative method using test systems and the polymerase chain reaction. Vaginal washings of 121 sick women were used for immunological studies. The levels of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, human β-defensin-2, immunoglobulins M, A, G, secretory IgA, lactoferrin, C3-component of complement, secretory component, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined. The reference group consisted of 23 clinically healthy women. The Statistica 12.0 program package for Windows was used, and a difference of p<0.05 was considered verifi able. Results. In the majority of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (85.6% of cases), concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases (colpitis, salpingitis, underlying medical condition of cervix) were observed. Classical bacteria were more often detected in vaginal washings of patients of all groups, while mollicutes were detected in scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, whereas the frequency of their detection increased with increase in the pyelonephritis severity. The analysis of indicators of local immunity determined disorders of mucosal immunity of the genital tract in the form of increased levels of myeloperoxidase, IgA, and IgG relative to reference values. The highest levels of lysozyme and myeloperoxidase were determined in patients with a severe course of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (by 5.3 and 3.6 times more, respectively), and the content of immunoglobulins A, M, and G in patients with a mild course of the disease (by 3.2, 3.1, and 4.0 times more, respectively). An increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor-α was detected in all patients, although no significant differences from controls were found in any group, but the highest median value was recorded in patients with severe pyelonephritis. In the group of patients with a severe clinical course, the lowest median was observed for β-defensin-2, which makes it impossible to inhibit the synthesis of TNF-α and, thus, supports the inflammatory process. Conclusions. It has been proven that in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, the severity of the course probably correlates with infection of the genital tract by mollicutes, mainly in association with classical bacteria and with level of mucosal immunity disorder. The obtained results of microbiological and immunological studies of biological material collected before the start of antibacterial therapy in patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis proved the need for a mandatory examination by a gynecologist to ascertain concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases and establish infection with mollicutes to provide relevant etiotropic treatment. The above is the basis for adding the data regarding laboratory examination and treatment to the management protocols of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Airway management procedures, such as endotracheal intubation (ETI), pose a significant risk of aerosol generation, requiring robust personal protective equipment (PPE) against aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). This study aimed to assess the impact of PPE-AGP on intubation success rates, time to intubation, and glottic visualization using ETView and a standard Macintosh laryngoscope (MAC). A total of 52 physicians participated in this prospective, observational, randomized crossover study conducted in a medical simulation setting. Participants included COVID-19 patients with cardiac arrest scenarios with and without PPE-AGP who were intubated with ETView and MAC. During intubation without PPE-AGP, ETView showed a similar first-pass success rate (FPS) but had a shorter intubation time and better glottal hydration compared to MAC. In scenario B (with PPE-AGP), ETView outperformed MAC in FPS, initiation time, and glottic visualization. The use of PPE-AGP had little impact on ETView's performance. However, it negatively affected the Macintosh laryngoscope, reducing FPS and glottic visibility. Participants found intubation with ETView easier in both scenarios. In conclusion, as compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope, ETView demonstrated higher performance under the circumstances of the simulation, especially when PPE-AGP was used.

Background. In the structure of purulent complications, peritonitis, destructive lesions of abdominal organs, and, as a rule, advanced forms of these diseases occupy one of the first places - 15-25% of urgent surgical diseases are complicated by peritonitis. It is generally known that the leading role in the triggering mechanism of the development of peritonitis belongs to the systemic inflammatory reaction, a component of which is phagocytosis, cellular and humoral immunity. However, the results of research on the state of functional activity of the endothelium in experimental peritonitis are limited. Aim: to study the activity of NO-synthase, FV and endothelin-1 in rats with experimental peritonitis. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 24 non-linear laboratory rats, which were divided into 2 groups: 1 group – intact control (animals received distilled water), 2 group – animals of the control pathology group. According to the "Methodological recommendations for preclinical study of medicinal products", experimental peritonitis was studied on the model of V. A. Lazarenko. Indicators of vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis were determined according to generally accepted methods. Indicators characterizing endothelial dysfunction were studied according to generally accepted methods. Results. The most likely mechanism that is damaged in the endothelium during peritonitis is the activation of the synthesis of inducible NO-synthase by neutrophils/macrophages in response to infection. It is possible that the hyperproduction of nitric oxide, on the one hand, is aimed at destroying microflora and oxidizing toxins, and on the other hand, at suppressing the expression of tissue factor and cell adhesion molecules. platelet aggregation and cascade disorders in the hemostasis system. In animals with experimental peritonitis against the background of oxidative stress, there was an increase in the number of circulating desquamated endothelial cells in the blood, which is a highly specific marker of endothelial dysfunction. The level of the Willebrand factor also increased, which indicates the pathogenetic dependence of the factors that damage the endothelium of the vascular wall on the concentration of the Willebrand factor, which helps to reduce the permeability of blood vessels by adhesion of platelets to the endothelium. Confirmation of the development of endothelial dysfunction in peritonitis is an increase in the concentration of endothelin-1, which is a regulator of the process of vascular neoangiogenesis in response to endothelial damage. Conclusion. Hyperproduction of nitric oxide not only reflects the processes that occur in the focus of vascular endothelium damage, but also affects the severity of the inflammatory process and the consequences of the disease.

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ABSTRACT Considered here is the interrelation between five diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs), λλ 5545, 6113, 6196, 6445 and 6614 Å. Two DIBs (λλ 6196 and 6614 Å) are already known as being well correlated with each other; their relation with three other weaker bands is investigated for the first time. To accomplish this task, high-resolution spectra (λ/δλ ≈100 000) with high signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 54 hot O–B stars with reddening 0.12–1.45 mag were used. Analysis of measured equivalent widths has allowed us to establish linear dependences and evaluate linear correlation coefficients as high as 0.968–0.988 between the intensities of these five DIBs. Such a degree of correlation may indicate their common origin. Several spacings in wavenumbers found between these DIBs correspond to the energies of vibrational transitions in some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons resulting in IR emissions at λλ 16.4, 11.3, 7.7, 6.2 and 3.3 μm.

Considered here is the interrelation between five diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs): $\lambda\lambda$ 5545, 6113, 6196, 6445 and 6614 \r{A}. Two DIBs ($\lambda$ 6196 and $\lambda$ 6614 \r{A}) have already been known as well correlated with each other; their relation with three other, weaker bands, was investigated for the first time. To accomplish this task high-resolution spectra ($\lambda/\Delta\lambda$ $\approx$ 100,000) with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 54 hot O -- B stars with reddening 0.12 -- 1.45 mag were used. Analysis of measured equivalent widths has allowed to establish linear dependencies and evaluate linear correlation coefficients as high as 0.968 -- 0.988 between the intensities of these five DIBs. Such a degree of correlation may indicate their common origin. Several spacings in wavenumbers found between these DIBs correspond to the energies of vibrational transitions in some PAHs resulting in IR emissions at $\lambda\lambda$ 16.4, 11.3, 7.7, 6.2 and 3.3 $\mu$m.

A completely healthy middle-aged female High School teacher developed stomach cancer 1 month after she spent several hours talking face to face with one person with serious stomach problem. Two months later she had surgical removal of stomach cancer. Our research confirmed that in the presence of coexisting strong virus infection of HPV-16 & HHV-6 and strong Electromagnetic field, early stage of cancer can develop very rapidly within 24 hours and these rapidly developed cancers are infectious & difficult to treat. Just before Thanksgiving Day (late November) the 1st author drank one full cup of Eggnog, at the same time he also ate part of Blueberry Pie. About 6 hours later the 1st author developed severe left low abdominal pain and diarrhea. Since he realized eggnog had extremely strong infection of HPV-16 and HHV-8 surrounded by strong electromagnetic field this might have caused early stage cancer and found the presence of early stages of 5 new cancers: 1) Hepatoma of liver 2) Hodgkin's lymphoma 3) Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder 4) Adenocarcinoma of Pancreas 5) Adenocarcinoma of the Breast. All of these cancers did not exist before this unplanned accidental human experiment. In 2017 Pancreatic cancer and Breast cancer were found in the 1st author within 24 hours after 4 hours of medical examination of middle aged Japanese male patient with chief complaints of Breast Cancer & Pancreatic Cancer in close distance. The patient also had strong infection of these viruses. The author was able to eliminate these 2 cancers completely a few months before drinking the eggnog. The other cancers were also developed under similar circumstances all of them were eventually eliminated, but all these 5 cancers did not exist before drinking eggnog. The eggnog had a very high concentration of about 10000ng of HPV-16 and HHV-8 and most of cancer tissue has over maximum infection of both viruses, 7000-11000ng. The reason we have been using optimal dose of Vitamin D3 every 8 hours for every cancer patient is we can continuously excrete cancer contributing viruses to much less than 6000ng since when viruses of HPV-16 & HHV-8 are less than 6000ng, the cancer was less active. We could not eliminate the 5 infectious cancers in the first author in spite of our improved treatment with combine use of optimal doses of vitamins D3 & white fleshed Dragon fruits (since we found it to contain near optimal doses of DHEA, Zinc, Magnesium, Lithium, and a small amount of Vitamin D3, etc.) Fortunately, on Dec. 8, 2018, for the first time in cancer treatment we succeeded in completely eliminating active cancer semi-permanently under specific conditions. In this study the second time author was able to semi-permanently inhibit all 3 cancers' activity. Through this process, we were able to detect the presence or absence of active cancer very accurately from 2-10 cc of urine or rapidly changing QRS complex of ECGs. In the subsequent 10 days no cancers were detected once Thymosin α1 and 3 Thymosin β4 reach very high value of 800ng measured using reference control substances.

In the framework of an idea of separation of rotational and vibrational motions, we have examined the problem of reducing the general three-body problem. The class of differentiable functions allowing transformation of the 6D Euclidean space to the 6D conformal-Euclidean space is defined. Using this fact the general classical three-body problem is formulated as a problem of geodesic flows on the energy hypersurface of the bodies system. It is shown that when the total potential depends on relative distances between the bodies, three from six ordinary differential equations of second order describing the non-integrable hamiltonian system are integrated exactly, thus allowing reducing the initial system in the phase space to the autonomous system of the 6th order. In the result of reducing of the initial Newtonian problem the geometry of reduced problem becomes curved. The latter gives us new ideas related to the problem of geometrization of physics as well as new possibilities for study of different physical problems.