International College of Nutrition

Conventional agricultural forecasting models frequently show low prediction accuracy, extended execution times, and suboptimal resource utilisation in intercropping systems. This research presents a hybrid model combining LSTM and XGBoost to improve agricultural production predictions and economic viability evaluation. The suggested model surpasses conventional approaches, achieving 98.7% accuracy, 0.42 RMSE, and 27% cost reduction, while significantly enhancing execution speed (1.8s) and energy efficiency (31%). Utilising deep learning and gradient boosting, the model delivers accurate crop production forecasts, equipping farmers with real-time information for enhanced decision-making and sustainable land management. When compared to the conventional forecasting methods, the suggested model adeptly manages nonlinear dependencies, seasonal fluctuations, and complex intercropping patterns, making it exceptionally adaptable to evolving agricultural environments. The findings demonstrate significant economic and ecological advantages, guaranteeing efficient resource distribution and improved agricultural profitability. This research enhances the sector by providing a high-performance AI-driven solution, facilitating future breakthroughs in smart farming.

Nano-formulated pesticidal constructs represent a revolutionary approach to managing phytopathogens while minimizing environmental impact. These advanced formulations leverage nanotechnology to enhance pesticide efficiency, improve target specificity, and reduce off-target effects. Encapsulation techniques using nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal-based nanostructures ensure controlled release, prolonged efficacy, and reduced chemical residues in the ecosystem. By optimizing bioavailability and penetration into plant tissues, these nano-pesticides effectively combat fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens while mitigating toxicity to non-target organisms. Moreover, their eco-conscious design aligns with sustainable agricultural practices, reducing the excessive use of conventional pesticides and mitigating soil and water contamination. Future research aims to refine nano-pesticidal formulations for greater biocompatibility and regulatory acceptance, ensuring their role in next-generation plant protection strategies. The integration of nanotechnology in plant pathology presents a promising avenue for enhancing crop health, productivity, and environmental stewardship. Keywords: Nanopesticides, sustainable agriculture, promising shift, challenges

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in modern agriculture, offering innovative solutions to improve crop productivity and sustainability. One of the most promising applications of nanomaterials is their ability to enhance photosynthesis and plant metabolism. By improving light absorption, facilitating nutrient uptake and mitigating environmental stresses, nanomaterials contribute to higher biomass production and better crop yields. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxides and quantum dots have demonstrated significant potential in boosting chlorophyll synthesis, enhancing CO₂ assimilation and regulating enzymatic activities involved in metabolic pathways. Additionally, nanocarriers help in the controlled delivery of essential nutrients and bioactive molecules, optimizing plant growth processes. However, concerns regarding nanoparticle toxicity, bioaccumulation and environmental impact necessitate thorough biosafety evaluations. This chapter explores the mechanisms by which nanomaterials enhance photosynthesis and metabolism, highlights recent research advancements and discusses the challenges and future prospects of nano-enabled agriculture.

Education isn't confined to a specific period; it's an ongoing journey that lasts a lifetime. Throughout our lives, we continually acquire knowledge, as the saying goes, "we learn something new every day." Adult education plays a vital role in enhancing literacy rates within societies and countries. By improving basic literacy skills, adults unlock their full potential, both personally and professionally. This newfound confidence encourages them to explore beyond their comfort zones and engage with the world around them. Learning isn't bound by age; it's a continuous process that knows no limits. Education shouldn't be restricted solely to children and teenagers; instead, it should extend seamlessly into adulthood and beyond. There's immense value in lifelong learning, as the scope of knowledge is vast and ever-expanding. Adult education offers mature learners the chance to broaden their understanding, acquire fresh skills, and attain valuable qualifications. In essence, there's no expiration date on learning – it's a journey that enriches lives at any stage.

<strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance:</strong> The growing demand for medicinal plants and their products has led to safety and efficacy concerns. The evaluation of herbal medicines, registration and regulation are important challenges to their safety and efficacy. The provisions for synthetic drugs do not apply to ayurvedic-based herbal products. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism for ensuring the quality of herbal medicines has become a top priority for Indian drug regulators and drug manufacturers. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to identify and characterise the different features of Ayurveda-related government policies and efforts. AYUSH and CDSCO design and establish regulations for the development of phytopharmaceutical drugs as necessary, utilizing botanical-based medications that have a long history but have thus far lacked adequate documentation. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a review of the literature on Ayurveda's history, principles, and current status. We have presented the data in a systematic manner that includes all of the initiatives brought forth by the Indian government. To conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis, we went through various reports, policies, and ancient Ayurvedic texts, and consulted AYUSH-related websites, such as those run by the Ministry of AYUSH. <strong>Results:</strong> The Ministry's objective is to elevate AYUSH systems to the forefront of living and practise, and to make AYUSH methods the preferred method for achieving a healthy nation. The newer class of drugs allows the development of drugs through advanced solvent extraction, fractionation, modern formulation and pharmacokinetics, etc. Conclusion: The promotion and development of Ayurveda is being actively pursued by the government through its policies. The present commentary is designed to highlight core and assembled information on the regulatory requirement in contrast to the new category phytopharmaceuticals under AYUSH. Phytopharmaceuticals may be a balanced approach with guidelines in the United States of America, China, and other countries connecting scientific validation and data generation, including revalidation of AYUSH-regulated product specifications.