International Management Institute

This research examines the long-term and nonlinear dependency patterns between Türkiye’s BISTTRKY index and the stock markets of four GCC nations—Saudi Arabia (TDWL), Qatar (QTRGE), UAE (DFM), and Oman (MSM30)—using data spanning from May 2010 to March 2025. By applying Johansen cointegration tests and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study identifies significant long-term equilibrium connections, notably strong between BISTTRKY and TDWL, QTRGE, and DFM. To address complex and asymmetric interdependencies beyond linear associations, R-vine copula models are employed, which surpass traditional copulas in detecting tail dependencies and dynamic risk linkages. The results indicate that although regional stock markets show varying levels of integration with BISTTRKY, nonlinear dependencies—particularly during extreme market conditions—restrict the potential for portfolio diversification. These findings hold significant implications for investors pursuing cross-border hedging strategies and for policymakers focused on managing systemic risks and enhancing regional financial collaboration. While the study offers solid empirical evidence, it is constrained by its omission of macroeconomic variables and the assumption of static dependence structures. Future research could investigate dynamic copula models, include external factors, and broaden the analysis to other emerging markets for a more thorough understanding of regional financial interconnectedness.

Purpose Firms are getting exposed frequently to disruptions and need to firefight to meet the rising expectations of the customers. In all the functions, logistics is at the forefront in both upstream and in downstream to ensure the raw materials and finished predicts are delivered on time. Hence, companies have started using intelligent technologies from Industry 4.0 to have sufficient resilience in logistics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore up to what extent literature has researched the Industry 4.0 technologies for logistics resilience (LR) and the benefits that technology provides to build tech-enabled LR. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a systematic literature review approach, where 372 articles are reviewed. The authors adopted a systematic methodology divided into three stages, planning, conducting and reporting the findings. The data is collected through Scopus database combining Industry 4.0 technologies, logistics and resilience. Findings This study highlights the three propositions considering the role of Industry 4.0 technologies in access of public and private data and its processing; what functions of logistics are influenced by Industry 4.0 technologies; and what benefits logistics drive to have resilience in its systems and elements dispersed at different nodes of the network. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework is based on the available literature in the selected topic and is not specific to particular industry where the results and benefits can differ. Hence, industry-wise implications need to be studied for better understanding and results. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge at the juncture of Industry 4.0 technologies, logistics and resilience. First, this study develops a framework for LR, which can be considered by practitioners and researchers. Second, the authors have mapped the key theories to highlight the key research gaps.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of digital economy on fostering entrepreneurship and innovative systems. Through comprehensive analysis, the study identifies potential contributors shaping the digital economy’s involvement to entrepreneurship and innovation systems. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a modified total interpretive structural modeling approach which delves into the complex interrelations between digital economy, entrepreneurial activities, innovation ecosystems and sustainable development objectives. In addition, the authors explain the hierarchical structure and mutual influences among various contributors, highlighting critical pathways and feedback loops. Findings The findings from the study illustrate the contributors of digital economy on entrepreneurship and innovative systems such as “supporting regulatory framework”, “information democratization” and “outreach and awareness” at the bottom level. Furthermore, the study assesses the implications of these findings, including economic growth, job creation, enhanced competitiveness and societal well-being. Moreover, it explores the potential for addressing environmental challenges and fostering inclusive development through digital innovation. Originality/value By providing a nuanced understanding of the dynamics between digital economy, entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainable development, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers, businesses and stakeholders seeking to leverage digital technologies for long-term socioeconomic progress.

This paper presents the results of research into the production of high-grade solders from tin-containing slag recycled from the melt. Excess copper is removed by filtering the rough solder over a specific temperature range, yielding POS61 solder. The resulting filter residue is used for alloying gray cast iron. To produce lead-free solders, lead is removed by mixing SnCl2 into the melt at a 10:1 ratio. Regeneration of the resulting salt slag to extract SnCl2 and reuse it is carried out using fractional crystallization in water, taking into account the different solubility of SnCl2 and PbCl2 at low temperatures.

ABSTRACT The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced business decision-making across industries. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine how elements of human consciousness are being integrated into AI frameworks to enhance decision-making quality and ethical awareness, with a specific focus on the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. Using the PRISMA methodology, 40 peer-reviewed studies from domains including AI, cognitive science, and management were analyzed to synthesize theoretical and empirical insights. The review identifies four key thematic areas: (1) foundational theories and consciousness lenses in AI, (2) decision-making augmented by consciousness-inspired attributes, (3) cognitive architectures that emulate self-reflection and contextual reasoning, and (4) current AI adoption practices in FMCG. Findings reveal that, although true machine consciousness remains unrealized, integrating conscious-like attributes – such as introspection, situational awareness, and ethical deliberation – enhances the transparency and reliability of AI-assisted decisions. The paper concludes with a structured research agenda outlining future directions for developing consciousness-oriented AI systems for managerial decision-making.

Purpose This study aims to propose a strategic framework that explores how brands can be more inclusive by engaging both consumer and non-consumer (employees and suppliers) stakeholders to enhance stakeholder well-being. Design/methodology/approach There were two stages to the research: Phase 1 and Phase 2. The first phase used the Delphi method, conducting interviews with 14 experts three times to study important concepts and their reality in the workplace (Dataset I). In Phase 2, ethnography focused on marketing and collected information by interviewing, observing and taking photos in four different organisations. Each organisation had the researcher present for 15 days, and a total of 61 participants were interviewed (Dataset II). Findings The study recommends developing an approach engaging both consumers and non-consumers (suppliers) in brand inclusivity interactions to support the well-being of all stakeholders. This framework indicates that stakeholders’ participation, resources and actions greatly promote inclusivity. It has been found that stakeholders shape their experiences and understandings from their interactions and relationships, which benefit their well-being. Research limitations/implications The study’s main contribution is building a strategic model that ensures inclusive well-being for all parties, both consumers and non-consumers, focusing on suppliers and employees in a developing nation. Various individuals, such as farmers, rural artisans, small businesses and consumers with disabilities, took part, allowing for valuable recognition of how to include people in the local food markets. Practical implications By applying this framework, managers can help brands become more inclusive by considering both consumer and non-consumer opinions and encouraging collaboration at every point in the value chain, which results in better reactions from stakeholders to company actions. Social implications The paper provides the strategies applied by the brands to include marginal sections of society, such as rural women artisans, farmers, small sustainable businesses and people with disability. The brands include them in the value creation process of the organisation, leading to their better well-being. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to include suppliers such as rural women artisans and farmers in exploring and understanding the processes involved in making a brand inclusive. It also highlights the crucial elements that affect the well-being of all stakeholders.

Abstract This study investigates the volatility spillover dynamics between international oil prices and stock markets in selected oil-importing countries using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) framework. The model captures time-varying correlations and conditional volatility transmission, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of both short-term and persistent spillover effects. The empirical findings reveal significant joint ARCH and GARCH effects for most oil-importing stock markets, indicating the presence of both immediate volatility spillovers from oil prices and persistent transmission of uncertainty over time. However, notable heterogeneity across countries is observed. In particular, the Indian stock market exhibits insignificant joint ARCH and GARCH effects, suggesting a relatively weaker volatility linkage with oil prices, while short-term volatility transmission is found to be insignificant for the Korean stock market. For the remaining countries, oil price shocks significantly influence stock market volatility and its persistence. These results highlight that oil-induced financial risk is time-varying and country-specific in oil-importing economies. The findings have important implications for portfolio diversification, dynamic hedging strategies, and macro-financial policy formulation aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of oil price uncertainty on equity markets.