International Organization for Migration

Egypt has recently been certified as malaria-free. To sustain this status, the Egyptian Ministry of Health has implemented a policy of centralised malaria treatment at specialised hospitals, provided free of charge to all populations regardless of migrant status. This study examines migrants' malaria care-seeking experiences, the factors influencing their choices, and strategies to improve access. A qualitative study was conducted in Cairo using semi-structured interviews, inviting adult migrants from malaria-endemic countries and with prior malaria experience. Participants were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling. Data were collected in Arabic, transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically. We recruited 21 individuals, all Sudanese; 90.5% were female. Five participants (24%) developed malaria symptoms immediately upon arrival in Egypt; others developed symptoms within six months. Three themes emerged from the analysis: "Malaria-specific healthcare practices," "Determinants of healthcare-seeking behaviour," and "Recommendations." Although participants recognised the severity of malaria and the need for treatment, 19 (90.5%) initially relied on traditional remedies or self-medication without malaria testing. Factors influencing healthcare-seeking behaviour included, at the patient level, a lack of trust in healthcare professionals, reluctance to disclose a malaria diagnosis due to stigma, fears of quarantine, concerns about adverse drug effects, and exposure to negative rumours and misconceptions about treatment. Factors within the healthcare system encompassed malaria services' affordability, accessibility, and perceived quality. Sudanese migrants' malaria care-seeking behaviours are influenced by multiple personal and systemic factors. Improving access requires targeted health education to address misconceptions, raise awareness, and build trust in the healthcare system.

Compte rendu de l'ouvrage : Kosmopoulos C., Schöpfel J. (dir.). (2025). <i>Publier, partager, réutiliser les données de la recherche : les <i>data papers</i> et leurs enjeux</i>. Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. URL : https://www.septentrion.com/fr/book/?GCOI=27574100316700

WKS 22: Building resilience: enhancing healthcare access for displaced populations, B309 (FCSH), September 4, 2025, 16:00 - 17:00Rationale and PurposeThis workshop examined key aspects of a coordinated health response to improve access to healthcare for refugees and individuals displaced from Ukraine under the EU Temporary Protection Directive (TPD)1. It highlighted both achievements and challenges encountered across the operationalization of the directive, within the framework of the joint EU4Health action: “Improving access to healthcare for refugees and people displaced from Ukraine benefitting of temporary protection in Member States” managed by the European Commission (EC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and implemented in 10 European countries. 2Methods/Process of WorkshopThe session brought together institutional and field-level perspectives from EC, Ministry of Health of Czechia, NGO Equita, WHO and IOM, who shared their expertise, policy perspectives and experiences aimed at improving and promoting access to healthcare for all. Discussions focused on key themes including health workforce capacity, service accessibility and integration, viewed through the lens of resilience across diverse national contexts.Projected Learning OutcomesThe lessons learned disseminated were on the EU, WHO, and IOM unprecedented partnership to strengthen health systems in refugee-receiving countries and achieve the best health outcomes for host populations, and refugees and displaced people from Ukraine. At national and local levels, this partnership promoted identifying and tackling the barriers that hinder refugees’ and displaced people’s access to health services; while simultaneously, strengthening the capacity of health systems to meet the needs of displaced communities.

This study was conducted to assess the physico-chemical and trace metal quality of groundwater from seven villages of Taluka Thari Mirwah, District Khairpur, by analyzing 47 sampling locations. The objective was to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes in accordance with WHO and EPA Pakistan guidelines. Standard analytical methods were employed to measure pH, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides (Cl⁻), sulfates (SO₄²⁻), nitrates (NO₃–N), alkalinity, sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and trace metals including manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd). Results indicated that pH values were within the permissible limits, while elevated levels of TDS (1440.5 mg/L), chloride (788.76 mg/L), sulfate (296.63 mg/L), TH (1168 mg/L), and alkalinity (733.33 mg/L) exceeded the WHO/EPA guidelines in several locations. Additionally, sodium and calcium reached 504 mg/L and 462 mg/L, respectively, surpassing recommended limits. Trace metal concentrations varied, with the highest levels detected as Mn (0.421 mg/L), Ni (0.105 mg/L), Zn (0.593 mg/L), Cu (0.49 mg/L), Co (0.023 mg/L), Cr (0.033 mg/L), Fe (0.808 mg/L), and Cd (0.01 mg/L). These elevated values, particularly from areas surrounding Taluka Thari Mirwah, suggest potential health risks and indicate groundwater contamination. In conclusion, while the pH values confirm neutral conditions, the high concentrations of salts and heavy metals raise serious concerns regarding the potability and safety of groundwater in the studied villages, necessitating mitigation measures and regular monitoring.

The movement of people, known as migration, has been a fundamental aspect of human existence since ancient times.Over the years, individuals have relocated to improve their quality of life, escape from conflicts, or explore new prospects.Contrary to popular belief, the majority of migration is well-regulated, secure, and primarily linked to work opportunities within specific regions.While dramatic migration stories often make headlines, they represent only a fraction of the larger picture.Unfortunately, misinformation and political agendas have skewed the public perception of migration, leading to distorted narratives that fail to accurately represent its basic facts and the intricate realities that vary in different contexts [1].Resistance to illegal migration becomes particularly relevant in times of war due to the escalation of conflict, decreased levels of security, and stability in the country.People in conflict zones or temporarily occupied territories may try to flee abroad in search of safety.Illegal migration can also pose issues for the countries that people are attempting to enter, including security concerns and social tensions.Illegal migration of people, resources, and capital is the process of crossing borders of countries without the necessary permits or agreements with the immigration service.Illegal migration can have negative social, economic, and political consequences for both the migrant themselves and the host country.It can also lead to tension in international relations and violate the laws of the country where illegal migration occurs.Roughly one-third of all international migration flows in the world are currently happening without proper control.This is due to increasing tensions between attracting more people to migration processes, natural population mobility growth, globalization, and the strictness of immigration rules in countries that are most attractive to migrants, as well as the onset of military actions in our country, the Middle East, and others.Since February 24, 2022, the migration of Ukrainian citizens abroad has acquired a new status -forced and secure.However, let's not forget that in addition to this, the number of illegal migration continues to grow and increase, including illegal border crossings by conscript-age men, resource exportation, business, material assets, intellectual property items, and others.Mass migration of Ukrainian refugees has led to a positive impact on the economies of EU countries.Ukrainian spending abroad in 2022 nearly tripled compared to the previous year, contributing to the growth of goods and services production in the host

Key Messages1. Analy sis of the role of health systems in the relationship between climate change and population health is essential but still neglected in studies and practice.2. The challenges of establishing an integrative conceptual framework for studying the role of the health care system in the context of climate change are immense.3. Given the complexity of the phenomena involved, the relationship between the supply and demand for health care is not always easy to tackle from a conceptual and theoretical point of view.4. The scientific community needs to pursue its conceptual reflections to better integrate health care systems into studies on climate change.

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Abstract Background Mpox remains a critical public health challenge in Central Africa, where endemic circulation of the virulent Clade I virus persists through zoonotic and human-to-human transmission. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize 40 years of evidence (1984-2024) to characterize Mpox epidemiology, vaccination gaps and clinical pattern in the Central African Republic (CAR), informing targeted control strategies for this re-emerging threat. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for studies reporting laboratory-confirmed Mpox cases in CAR. Pooled estimates were calculated using random/fixed-effects models with R Statistics version 4.4.2 with subgroup analysis conducted for period, region, participants and disease burden. Heterogeneity (I 2) and publication bias (funnel plots, Egger’s and Begg’s tests) were rigorously assessed. The confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated at 95% level of confidence. Results Among 15 included studies representing 1984-2024 surveillance data, the pooled severity rate was 60.9% (95%CI:47.5-72.8) - highest in Health Region 6 (77.3%, 95%CI: 55.6-90.2). The Case fatality rate (CFR) among confirmed cases was 10.9% (95% CI: 5.9-19.0). There was non-significant decrease in CFR from 11.5%; (95% CI: 6.1-20.7) before 2022 to 7.14% (95% CI: 0.7-1.9) from 2022 on. There was a persistent post-2022 CFR elevations in high-burden areas (13.5% for >10 cases). Higher mortality was observed in Eastern Health Regions (11.11%; 95% CI: 5.08-22.60) compared to Western Health Regions with no reported death. Among suspected cases, the CFR was 10.7% (95%CI: 6.6-17.0). Vaccination uptake was low (20.0%, 95%CI: 10.3-35.2). The clinical profile included fever (91.1%, 42.9-99.3), rash (85.5%, 95%CI: 75.7-91.8), lymphadenopathy (57.0%, 95%CI: 34.3-77.1). Severe manifestations like hemorrhagic lesions (22.2%) and mucosal involvement (oral:59.2%; genital:57.4%) were also reported. Conclusion The CAR faces a disproportionate Mpox burden characterized by high severity, elevated mortality, and suboptimal vaccine coverage, particularly in eastern regions. These findings suggest the urgent need for: (1) enhanced surveillance systems with genomic sequencing capacity; (2) prevention of disease lethality through early case detection and appropriate care provision; (3) strengthening vaccine distribution prioritizing high-risk populations; and (4) context-specific interventions, including community education and healthcare worker training, to curb future outbreaks.