Iowa City Public Library

There is a paucity of research that examines and addresses the school librarianship knowledge gap on the design and delivery of culturally responsive K–12 online learning. The present study is the second phase of a national grant–funded research project that aims to thoroughly capture and assess the institutional structures, pedagogical practices, and learner needs found in the implementation of a professional development learning product targeting that knowledge gap. Findings for this phase of the project focus on how the ways in which school librarians define their role within, and describe the characteristics of, culturally informed and responsive K–12 virtual learning change through professional development.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tears and contralateral ACL tears are both relatively common after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR). There is little prior work comparing the outcomes of reconstruction after these injuries. The authors hypothesize that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and activity level are lower after revision ACLR than after primary contralateral ACLR. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. From a cohort of 2333 patients who underwent primary unilateral ACLR, 267 were identified who underwent subsequent revision ACLR or primary contralateral ACLR within 5 years of primary ACLR. After exclusion of 11 patients who had both injuries, 256 were eligible for the study, including 124 who underwent revision ACLR and 132 who underwent primary contralateral ACLR. Patients were contacted for follow-up at 6 years after the primary ACLR, and PROMs were collected, including subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for pain (KOOS-Pain) and knee-related quality of life (KOOS-QOL), and Marx activity level. Patient demographics, surgical factors, and PROMs were compared between groups. Beta regression models with identity link were used to determine whether side of subsequent surgery (revision vs primary contralateral ACLR) was a significant predictor of outcome. Of 256 patients, 223 (87%) were contacted and completed PROMs at 6 years after the primary ACLR. At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups except that the subsequent revision group had a lower incidence of partial lateral meniscectomy and a higher incidence of lateral meniscal repair and was more likely to have received allograft for the primary ACLR than the subsequent contralateral reconstruction group. The median time from primary ACLR to second ACL surgery was lower in the revision group (1.3 years) than the contralateral group (2.0 years; P < .001). When controlling for demographics, surgical factors, and baseline PROMS, the revision ACL group demonstrated a 7.8-point lower International Knee Documentation Committee score (P < .001), a 3.2-point lower KOOS-Pain score (P = .012), a 10.4-point lower KOOS-QOL score (P < .001), and 2.0-point lower Marx score (P = .002) than the contralateral ACLR group. Patients who undergo revision ACLR within 5 years of primary ACLR demonstrate poorer PROMs and lower activity levels than those who undergo primary contralateral ACLR during this period. These 2 groups of patients should not be pooled to study outcomes of ACLR.

ABSTRACTObjectivesPain is common among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) but is frequently underdetected and undertreated in older people living with dementia (PLWD). This systematic review examined whether dementia‐specific pain assessment tools improve pain management compared with usual care in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and have reported the methods and results following PRISMA (PROSPERO: CRD420251044828). Eligible studies included randomized, quasi‐experimental, and observational designs enrolling ED patients aged ≥ 65 years with dementia or cognitive impairment. Interventions were pain assessment tools developed for PLWD, and comparisons were with standard pain scales. Primary outcomes were patient‐reported outcome measures and analgesia administration; secondary outcomes included repeated pain scores, ED revisits, functional decline, mortality, and adverse events. Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo) and two clinical trial registries were searched without language or date restrictions on April 22, 2025, and December 16, 2025, respectively. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB‐2.ResultsOf 987 records identified, 18 underwent full‐text review, and one study met eligibility criteria. Fry et al. (2017) conducted a multicenter, cluster‐randomized controlled trial of 602 older adults with suspected long bone fractures, comparing the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) tool with standard pain scales. No significant differences were observed in median time to first analgesia (83 vs. 82 min, p = 0.42) or proportion receiving analgesia within 60 min (28% vs. 32%, p = 0.19). Evidence certainty was rated very low.ConclusionsEvidence on dementia‐specific pain assessment tools in the ED is extremely limited. Available data suggest PAINAD does not improve timeliness of analgesia, underscoring the urgent need for rigorous studies to guide pain management for PLWD in the ED.

Patients with severe burns are more vulnerable to infection, sepsis, and death. With heavy use of antimicrobials, changes in burn wound microbial and antibiotic resistance patterns have been reported; however, the literature remains scarce. This study assessed wound colonization trends in first positive cultures in our burn unit over the last decade. This is a retrospective cohort study including all patients admitted to our burn unit from July 2013 to June 2023. Demographics, TBSA, injury mechanism and admission information were obtained. Wound culture information including date of positive cultures, type of organisms, and antibiotic susceptibility data was also collected. Patients were stratified based on TBSA as small (<10%), moderate (10%-19.9%), and severe burns (≥20%). Descriptive statistics were obtained. Generalized linear models were fit to assess the trends of positive cultures over time for the 3 TBSA strata. A total of 2755 patients were included; median age was 38 years, 72.2% were male; 74.1%, 15.9%, and 10.1% presented with small, moderate, and severe burns, respectively. Wound cultures on initial presentation were performed in 40.3% of our population with 600 cases having positive first cultures; 84.7% grew Gram-positive, 35.7% Gram-negative, and 9.7% fungal organisms. Data showed an increase in Gram-positive and fungal species over the study period in first positive cultures of severe burn patients. We also found increasing rates of resistance for several antibiotics, including erythromycin, oxacillin, and vancomycin. Future studies are warranted to evaluate changes in microorganism growth throughout the hospital course of severe burn patients.

Background The NIH Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory supports the design and conduct of 31 embedded pragmatic clinical trials, and many of these trials use patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to provide valuable information about the patients' health and wellness. Often these trials enroll medically underserved patients, including people with incomes below the federal poverty threshold, racial or ethnic minority groups, or rural or frontier communities.Objectives In this series of trial case reports, we provide lessons learned about collecting PROMs in these populations. Unbiased collection of PROM data is critical to increase the generalizability of trial outcomes and to address health inequities. Use of electronic health records (EHRs) and other digital modes of PROM administration has gained traction. However, engagement with these modes is often low among populations prone to disparity due to lower digital proficiency, device access, and uptake of EHR portals and web interfaces.Methods To maximize the completeness and representativeness of their trial outcome data, study teams tested a range of strategies to improve PROM response rates with emphasis on disparities prone and underserved patient groups. This manuscript describes the approaches, their implementation, and the targeted populations.Conclusion Optimized PROM collection required hybrid approaches with multiple outreach modes, high-touch methods, creativity in promoting digital uptake, multimodal participant engagement, and text messaging.

A critical adaptation required for successful extrauterine life is the onset of respiration. The production of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar type II (AT2) cells is required for functional ventilation. Pulmonary surfactant is produced in lamellar bodies in AT2 cells. Key components of pulmonary surfactant include phospholipids and surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C). Phospholipids are transported into lamellar bodies by ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) where they combine with SP-B and -C to form surfactant that is secreted into alveoli. Recessive loss of function mutations in surfactant protein B (SFTPB) and ABCA3, or monoallelic dominant mutations in surfactant protein C (SFTPC), can cause severe respiratory distress in term newborns, later-onset childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD), or adult-onset ILD. Currently, no specific treatments for these diseases are available. Genetic therapies, including gene addition and gene editing strategies, offer the possibility to correct these defects in AT2 progenitor cells.

We are grateful for the honor to participate as editors of the scholarly thematic essays section in this inaugural volume of the Panoramic and Immersive Media Studies Yearbook. The section draws from the theme of the 2023 International Panorama Council conference Panoramas, Immersive Media, and Lost Worlds. The papers come to this topic of lost worlds from a multitude of interdisciplinary and intersectional perspectives, suggesting a very lively and vibrant state of current panorama and immersive media studies. Situated at the intersection of panorama studies and game engine design, Thiago Leitão's project integrates a game engine into the digital recreation of a now lost nineteenth-century panorama. Doing so enables the viewer/participant to digitally traverse the boundary between painted and lived worlds mediated in physical panoramas by the area of the faux terrain-in Leitão's words, that "continuum space, of sorts, that moved the panorama's illusion to immersion." Part of a larger, on-going project, Leitão imagines the future possibility of introducing multiple participants, enabling a communal experience that would find much dialogue with several other papers in this section. The paper by Weiling Deng, Sara Velas, Ruby Carlson, and Jonathan Banfill locates itself in downtown Los Angeles in order to travel across space and time to early twentieth-century China. In embracing the vernacular and the global, it manages to give voice to very human actors in a sea of colonizing power without losing sight of either. The paper's attention to the present, lived experience enfolds its considerable historical and theoretical content, allowing it to present, as the writers describe, "a thicker, more open, non-prescribed experience." This goal finds expression not only in the writers' scholarly inquiry, but even more directly in the connections the panorama has made with its local neighborhoods. These authors accept the unwieldy experience of panoramas and the ways in which they entwine contemporary experience with the past and the loss attendant to it. Deng, et al. share their understanding, even embrace, of this multitudinous experience with Nicholas Lowe, whose paper reminds us of the important role performative elements-the musical accompaniment, song, and spoken narration-played in the immersive experience of moving panoramas. Lowe considers a speculative re-enactment of a moving panorama, and invites readers to "sit comfortably" with the lost elements. He suggests activating the creative and generative scaffolding of conjecture and speculation to shape our experience and, indeed, to be candidates as a viable apparatus of inquiry for historical events. He posits