Iran University of Industries and Mines

Abstract:Quartz crystals containing garnet and rutile inclusions are found in the southwest of Kashan, Iran, adjacent to the Gohrood granitoid intrusive body. This area belongs to the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt, located in the central part of the Iranian plateau with NW-SE trend. The intrusive body related to the garnet and rutile bearing quartzes shows granodiorite-tonalite composition with an age of 17 to 19 million years (Middle Miocene) which has intruded into Jurassic shales, sandstones, limestone, and also cretaceous and Eocene marls which have caused contact metamorphism in surrounding rocks and consequently the formation of typical skarn and hornfels in the area.The studied quartz crystals show size ranges of 1-12 cm which have been formed inside cracks and fractures. The main alteration zones observed in the area consist of silicification, chlorite, epidote associated with hematite, and jarosite mineralization.Different varieties of quartz crystals in terms of color and fluid inclusion characteristics are found in the study area: transparent and semi-transparent crystals, yellow crystals (citrine), dark crystals, smoky to reddish brown crystals (garnet inclusion), and rutile quartz.The carried out fluid inclusion studies indicate that the mean temperature and salinity calculated for the transparent and semi-transparent quartzes are 308 °C and 7.5 wt.% NaCl and 360 °C and 1.6 wt.% NaCl, respectively, and generally, based on the carried out microthermometry studies, the estimated formation temperature ranges between 300-550 °C. The Hydrothermal fluid most likely reached the surface through the faults and joints of Gohrood granitoid with minimal contact with surface fluids, and near the surface mixing with meteoric waters, causing the loss of high temperature and salinity. During rising, these fluids have decomposed the minerals such as biotite, amphibole, and feldspars, which caused the alteration of the wall-rock. The performed microprobe and SEM studies on the inclusions containing garnet in the studied samples show the mineralogical composition of grossular.

Magnetic stirring is considered to be the most useful stirring method in semi-solid casting processes which doesn’t have the restrictions of the mechanical stirring. In this research, fracture mechanisms of aluminum-Al2O3 nanocomposites produced by three methods of gravity sand casting, squeeze casting and compo casting in semi-solid state using electromagnetic stirring were studied and discussed. For this purpose, microstructure and fracture surfaces obtained from broken tensile test samples were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopies. On the fracture surfaces of all the samples, dimples were observed, which are the sign of ductile fracture. It was revealed that the dimples on the samples produced by the compo casting method are smaller, more spherical and uniformly distributed in the metal matrix in comparison with the ones from sand and squeeze casting. It also investigated that on the fracture surfaces of compo casting samples less cleavage planes, dendritic fracture and particles agglomeration were observed in comparison with the ones from the sand and squeeze casting processes.

The additive manufacturing processes are increasing their importance in fabrication of composite like structures. Friction stir processing is classified as a solid state additive manufacturing technique that is used for lamination or powder deposition in a matrix substrate. In the present work an attempt was made to add the silica as secondary phase into the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) surface for enhancing the mechanical and surface properties of fabricated composite. The parameters such as amount of silica fraction, pass number, tool rotational speed and linear speed were considered to be involved in the study. The responses surface method (RSM) was used here to assess relationship between aforementioned inputs and outputs vs bending strength and deflection before fracture. Optimal setting of process parameters was determined by maximizing bending strength and deflection. The obtained optimal results showed that maximum strength and deflection can be achieved by selecting of 100% silica volume fraction, 1 pass number, 1400 rpm tool rotation and 80 mm/min travel speed. The optimum results were further verified through confirmatory experiment and the result showed that the values of prediction error for bending strength and deflection are 6.1% and 8.5%, respectively. This proves the validity of the proposed approach for empirical modeling and optimization of friction stir additive manufacturing process.

The electromagnetic stirrer method was developed to overcome the problems caused by the presence of a mechanical stirrer in the slurry; this method is nowadays considered to be the most widely used and most useful method in the semi-solid processes. In this study, the structure of the intermetallic iron particles obtained in the aluminum matrix composites produced by the semi-solid method is compared with the traditional method. The results show that in semi-solid samples, the intermetallic particles are much smaller and more dispersed, so the stress concentration points in these samples are much smaller and less.

In this work, we have studied the effects of the addition of Al on the structure, thermal behavior and magnetic properties of rapidly solidified Fe83.3(Si0.25B0.562P0.188)16−xCu0.7Alx (x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) melt spun ribbons prepared by single roller melt-spinning process. All of the samples were studied using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, vibrating sample magnetometer and B-H loop tracer. The average crystallite sizes obtained for the Al-added samples were in the range of 10–18 nm confirmed by XRD results. Thermal analysis results revealed that by adding Al up to 1 at.%, the first crystallization peak shifted towards lower temperature and second peak to the higher temperature compared to the sample without Al. The highest maximum saturation magnetization (1.8 T) was obtained for the 0.5 at.% Al added alloy. Also the magnitude of coercivity was lowest for 1 at.% Al-added alloy. This was mainly related to the decrease of magnetostriction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy substitution of Al atoms for Si, P and Fe in the structure of bcc-Fe.

In many parts of the developing country, women have far more financial chance overall today than they did a generation ago. Women’s health, education, and labor force contribution levels have grown significantly, rising living standards and strengthening humanities worldwide. Nowadays, despite women’s tendency toward participation in economic, social, and cultural affairs, females’ entrepreneurship became so limited and there seems to be no optimal use of their abilities in business. However, a prominent indication of developed countries is female entrepreneurship. A method for increasing women’s participation in economic affairs and business is conducted by appropriate plans and policies by government officials. Current research is done by using library and survey. Studies in the research show that knowing different aspects of business and the method in which each person enters the area, can save the country from economic crisis according to behaviorist psychologists.