Irkutsk State University

This article analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of discursive power implementation in primary American political discourse through the explication of the epistemic mode of knowledge. The relevance is determined by the need to examine discursive strategies of power actualization in the context of political discourse transformation and the post-truth era. Transcripts of American politicians' speeches (2011–2025) served as the empirical base. Four key discursive strategies are identified: (1) actualization of epistemic authority through factive predicates with differentiation between propositional and experiential knowledge; (2) enhancement of epistemic authority through escalation of certainty; (3) xpansion of the epistemic subject through universal quantifiers and inclusive forms; (4) factualization through mental classifiers. It is demonstrated that the explication of the knowledge mode functions as a multilevel system of strategies for actualizing discursive power, determined by the communicative intentions of the politician

Molecular design of cage phosphine oxides (6-phospha-1,3,9,12-tetrasila-bicyclo[4.4.4]tetradecan-6-oxides) with four Si-containing acceptor fragments and one P=O donor fragment was performed using density functional theory methods (B3PW91 and ωB97X-D). Substituents at the silicon and phosphorus atoms were selected to favor the existence of the structures in the endo form containing a P=O···Si interaction. The competition of four silicon atoms for bonding to the phosphoryl oxygen atom was used to assess the coordinating ability of the phosphoryl group and to determine the nature of the P=O bond in phosphine oxides.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the aesthetic principles that shape the world of A. M. Litvinov’s poetry. Results. The general concept of bard’s works is based on the description of his artistic method. Litvinov’s works are characterized by escapism and dogmatism that allows for a variety of interpretations. His escapism is realized in a variety of variants, among which a special place is occupied by individualism, mythologism and form-creation. The listed strategies can be combined within one text. These features reveal the connection between Litvinov’s poetry and the aesthetics of Russian modernism which has its roots in romanticism. The modern poet’s texts enter into a dialogue with both specific Silver Age works and the modernist tradition as a whole. Myth-folklore imagery that implements philosophical and metaphysical issues is of particular importance in the Litvinov’s poetics. Ludic poetics as a form of realization of artistic escapism becomes not only a feature of poetic style, but also a meta-artistic strategy of A. Litvinov. In A. M. Litvinov’s playful style is manifested in the use of a variety of quotes from texts of Russian and world culture. The playful discourse also includes stylization and parody. Conclusion. The tragic lyricism and grotesque-playful conventionality combination allows us to speak of romantic irony as the dominant principle of Litvinov’s works.

Catalyst- and solvent-free reaction of pyridine-d5 with secondary phosphine oxides and sulfides and phosphinic acid esters in the presence of benzoylphenylacetylene (50-55 or 70-75 °C, 7-35 h) gives 4-phosphorylated pyridines-d4 and -d3 (the latter having hydrogen at position 2) in 43-73% total yield along with differently deuterated chalcones, the reduced benzoylphenylacetylene. The scrutinized analysis of deuterium distribution in the above substitution products with emphasis on protium insertion in the pyridine ring reveals that the substitution studied involves the isomerization of the primary 1,3(4)-dipole intermediate to carbene localized at the position 2. Quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP/6-311++G**) indicate that diphenylphosphine oxide or trace water likely mediates the carbene generation stage.

Special types of measurements are widely used in quantum information processing. The task to detect entangled states can arise within an intermediate stage of the protocol to be performed. It is inevitable in many questions, and it is desirable to study separability criteria derived with different choices of selected states. This study aims to examine such criteria for quantum measurements assigned to projective two-designs. The considered approaches use the so-called correlation measure and the corresponding correlation matrix. Separability criteria for multipartite systems are also derived.

статья посвящена вопросам взаимоотношения государства и религии в советское время. Рассматриваются формы идеологического давления на религиозные организации и сознание населения как важное средство утверждения в обществе коммунистических и атеистических убеждений.

Eastern Siberia has traditionally been a region where natural resources are actively extracted and processed. Prolonged anthropogenic impact has led to the emergence of numerous chronic environmental problems. Some areas of the region have been exploited so intensively that they have effectively transformed into zones of ecological disaster—for example, the former chemical production site in Usolye-Sibirskoye and the sludge reservoirs of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. At the same time, the criminal policy implemented through the detection, investigation, and prosecution of crimes, as well as the imposition of penalties, does not fully correspond to the actual social danger of the offenses committed. Our research suggests that the cultural characteristics of the local population exert a significant influence on criminal policy regarding environmental crimes and must be taken into account in its development and adjustment.

The traditional understanding of motherhood is undergoing some profound changes. University and college are a key stage for understanding the value of motherhood, assessing the influence of parents on one’s personal development, and comprehending the basics of family planning. The article describes the way university students perceive motherhood. The research relied on social cognitive psychology, socio-psychological approach, and associative techniques, e.g., free associations, specific, and forced associations. It involved 435 students and 22,000 verbal associates. The resulting semantics of mother image consisted of a set of blocks: 1) cultural norms and traditions; 2) emotional closeness and support; 3) upbringing and education; 4) harmonious family relationships; 5) respect and trust in oneself and others. This semantic field of ideas was highly emotional and expressive. Along with such traditional categories as care, wisdom, and kindness, they included codependent relationships and the image of a "changing mother" (self-care, changes in the mother as the child grows, etc.). This may indicate a need for actual and / or expected support from the mother and the development of one’s own parental position. Young people’s social ideas about mothers reflect their personal experience, family upbringing, understanding of parent-child relationships, and psychological literacy acquired at university. The results demonstrated the dynamics of family relationships and their influence on personal development. They could be used to facilitate the psychological readiness for motherhood, as well as for the psychological counselling of codependent relationships and parenting.

Abstract Long-distance avian migration is thought to be under strong natural selection. Facing geographical barriers, migrants display various patterns considered to be adaptive. For example, they may detour along either side around the barrier or cross it, requiring specialized behavioral adaptations. Variations within closely related taxa are excellent sources for understanding the evolutionary background of migration and how barriers are shaping migration routes. In Asia, some species are assumed to have a migratory divide in response to the major geographical barrier, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), including the stonechat taxa (Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus maurus and Amur Stonechat S. stejnegeri). As they detour along either side of the QTP, these taxa are believed to disfavor a crossing over the highland. However, the more southernly distributed Tibetan Stonechat (S. m. przewalskii) breeds on the QTP, suggesting adaptation to high elevation. To investigate migration patterns and the potentially associated genetic differences, we studied migration routes and population genetics of four populations around the assumed migratory divide in Russia and Mongolia, and of one from the QTP in China. Our results confirmed the existence of a migratory divide between maurus and stejnegeri, albeit with extensive hybridization. We observed both the hypothesized western and eastern routes, but also found individuals employing intermediate routes crossing the QTP, of which two-thirds were clear hybrids. Meanwhile, przewalskii followed a highland-crossing route and was genetically differentiated from maurus and stejnegeri. The diverse migration routes among Asian stonechats show differential responses towards the geographical barrier. The intermediate route may be associated with hybridization, and its conditional viability may facilitate gene flow between maurus and stejnegeri. The Asian stonechat complex thus offers great opportunities for novel research of the genetics and evolution of migration. The specific evolutionary background associated with inhabiting and crossing the QTP can offer new perspectives in this field. Teaser text Migratory divides can arise in birds because alternative routes around migratory barriers would select for behaviors to restrict hybridization. Hybrids of parental types that employ alternative routes are hypothesized to embark on intermediate routes that would expose them to suboptimal conditions, resulting in post-zygotic reproductive isolation. However, this hypothesis is challenged when a sister taxon actually breeds on the geographical barrier. This is the case in the Asian stonechat complex that breeds near or on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the roof of the world. We demonstrated a migratory divide in central Siberia to Mongolia for race maurus and stejnegeri, yet showed also evidence for extensive hybridization. Hybrids migrated along a newly discovered intermediate route, seemingly viable and overlaps with the migration trajectory of race przewalskii over the eastern part of the QTP. The Asian migratory divide relative to the QTP thus provided new insights to the evolution of landbird migration.