Islamic Azad University Ardabil

Abstract:Quartz crystals containing garnet and rutile inclusions are found in the southwest of Kashan, Iran, adjacent to the Gohrood granitoid intrusive body. This area belongs to the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt, located in the central part of the Iranian plateau with NW-SE trend. The intrusive body related to the garnet and rutile bearing quartzes shows granodiorite-tonalite composition with an age of 17 to 19 million years (Middle Miocene) which has intruded into Jurassic shales, sandstones, limestone, and also cretaceous and Eocene marls which have caused contact metamorphism in surrounding rocks and consequently the formation of typical skarn and hornfels in the area.The studied quartz crystals show size ranges of 1-12 cm which have been formed inside cracks and fractures. The main alteration zones observed in the area consist of silicification, chlorite, epidote associated with hematite, and jarosite mineralization.Different varieties of quartz crystals in terms of color and fluid inclusion characteristics are found in the study area: transparent and semi-transparent crystals, yellow crystals (citrine), dark crystals, smoky to reddish brown crystals (garnet inclusion), and rutile quartz.The carried out fluid inclusion studies indicate that the mean temperature and salinity calculated for the transparent and semi-transparent quartzes are 308 °C and 7.5 wt.% NaCl and 360 °C and 1.6 wt.% NaCl, respectively, and generally, based on the carried out microthermometry studies, the estimated formation temperature ranges between 300-550 °C. The Hydrothermal fluid most likely reached the surface through the faults and joints of Gohrood granitoid with minimal contact with surface fluids, and near the surface mixing with meteoric waters, causing the loss of high temperature and salinity. During rising, these fluids have decomposed the minerals such as biotite, amphibole, and feldspars, which caused the alteration of the wall-rock. The performed microprobe and SEM studies on the inclusions containing garnet in the studied samples show the mineralogical composition of grossular.

TBC1 domain-containing kinase (TBCK; MIM #616900) is implicated in autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorders with hypotonia and developmental delay. TBCK regulates mTOR signaling, lysosomal activity, and intracellular trafficking, but the full spectrum of pathogenic variants remains poorly understood. We investigated a consanguineous Iranian family with psychomotor delay. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a candidate TBCK variant, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional studies were performed using amniotic fluid-derived cell culture, Western blotting, protein structural modeling, and molecular docking analyses. A novel homozygous frameshift variant, TBCK(NM_001163435.3): c.1969dupT (p.Cys657Leufs*17), was detected and absent from population databases. Clinically, the proband presented with severe developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, and facial dysmorphism, and died at 9 months. Western blotting showed a significant decrease in TBCK expression (p < 0.007). Structural analysis of a theoretically modeled truncated protein indicated C-terminal truncation with loss of critical domains, while in silico docking demonstrated reduced binding affinity between mutant TBCK and Rab1B, suggesting impaired Rab-mediated trafficking. This study reports a novel pathogenic TBCK variant associated with severe neurodevelopmental delay, contributing to the clinical and molecular spectrum of TBCK syndrome. Our findings underscore the importance of genetic testing in rare neurodevelopmental disorders and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying TBCK dysfunction.

MYB transcription factors are key regulators of plant development and stress responses. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a vital oilseed crop, is notable for its tolerance to drought and salinity. In this study, we identified 148 MYB genes in the sesame genome, all of which contain characteristic MYB domains. These genes showed substantial variation in physicochemical properties, gene structure, and chromosomal location. Subcellular localization analysis showed that most MYB proteins are nuclear, but some are distributed across multiple organelles. Promoter region analysis revealed diverse cis-acting elements related to light responsiveness, hormone signaling, and stress response. Conserved motif analysis indicated both shared and subgroup-specific motif patterns, supporting functional diversification. Phylogenetic classification grouped the SiMYBs into 11 major clades. Expression profiling of five selected genes under drought and salinity treatments highlighted time-dependent and genotype-specific expression patterns. In particular, SiMYB114, SiMYB305, and SiMYB308 emerged as strong candidates for stress-responsive gene regulation. These findings enhance our understanding of the MYB gene family in sesame and provide valuable targets for future genetic improvement toward stress-resilient cultivars.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-36141-w.

Deep neural networks are sensitive to input perturbations, such as lighting changes, undermining reliability in real-world applications. This paper introduces interval-analysis enhanced MobileNet, which is a robust image classification framework that integrates interval bound propagation into the lightweight MobileNet architecture. By modeling intensity variations as bounded intervals, the method computes guaranteed output bounds that ensure prediction stability across all perturbed inputs within the defined range. The approach reveals high accuracy without any problem in computational efficiency, making it suitable for edge deployment. The network has been trained using a hybrid loss that jointly optimizes standard accuracy and robustness margins under interval uncertainty. The experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet-100 demonstrate extreme performance improvements across all intensity perturbations based on natural accuracy, far exceeding adversarial training, data augmentation, and randomized smoothing. The results show that IA-MobileNet achieves a high level of accuracy while also providing formal robustness. This bridges the gap between efficiency and reliability in vision systems that perform under unpredictable environmental conditions.

In this study, Darbo’s fixed‐point theorem is extended by employing Geraghty–𝔽‐contractions on Banach spaces. The obtained results are then applied to establish the existence of solutions for a fractional integral equation in the space C ([0, ς ]), equipped with the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness. To support and validate the main theorems presented, several illustrative examples are provided, highlighting the applicability and effectiveness of the theoretical findings. Moreover, for enhanced clarity and better comprehension, the examples are accompanied by figures and graphical representations, offering a visual demonstration of the practical relevance of the results.

Precise prediction of electricity usage and hydroelectric power production can enhance energy distribution efficiency, minimize waste, and enhance general grid performance. Moreover, utilizing the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Neural Network and Modified Future Search Algorithm (MFSA) can offer more accurate analysis and forecasts, and facilitates improved decision-making and allocation of resources. This investigation aims to develop an improved model based on GRU and MFSA for examining and forecasting energy generation and electricity usage in a smart power grid. This study employs economic and social data to predict patterns of long-term electricity usage, while climatic data is employed as input for the optimum model for simulation of electricity generation, which concentrates particularly on hydropower production. The developed optimized model has been compared to original deep learning and optimized methods to demonstrate its enhanced efficacy and superiority. According to the investigation, the obtained results show how effective the optimal method is in accurately forecasting electricity usage and hydropower generation.

BackgroundPartial monosomy of chromosome 21q is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations including intellectual disability, developmental delay, and distinctive craniofacial features. Concurrent deletions involving chromosome 15q26 are also infrequent and typically benign.ObjectiveThis study reports a rare case of de novo unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 15q26.3 and 21q22.11, resulting in partial monosomy 21q and a benign deletion of 15q26.3, highlighting the importance of comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular analysis.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from the proband and her parents were analyzed using GTG-banding karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and whole-genome oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH).ResultsThe proband, a 36-year-old woman with intellectual disability and developmental delay, exhibited a karyotype of 45,XX,der(15)t(15;21)(q26.3;q22.11),-21. Array CGH revealed a 17.32 Mb deletion at 21q11.2q22.11 encompassing 37 genes, and a benign 673 kb deletion at 15q26.3 involving 13 genes. Clinical features included multiple craniofacial dysmorphisms, low birth weight, short stature, and dental anomalies.ConclusionThis case represents the first reported instance from Iran of a pathogenic partial monosomy 21q due to an unbalanced translocation with chromosome 15q26.3. The findings underscore the critical role of integrated cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics in identifying complex chromosomal rearrangements and contribute to the understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations in partial monosomy 21q.

The current study aims to design and synthesize a set of vanadium–titanium (V-Ti) co-doped zircon pigments using solid-state routes. It also evaluates the relationships that exist between their structure and properties. To execute this, we employed a multi-technique approach by combining high-resolution XRPD through Rietveld refinement, UV–Vis–NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy (EAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, particle-size and morphology examinations, and Angular Overlap Model (AOM) estimations. The XRPD refinements indicate that zircon is the primary phase, accompanied by minor traces of TiO₂ and baddeleyite. Moreover, Lattice parameters indicate anisotropic expansion predominantly along the c-axis. Both EPR data and AOM modeling consistently confirmed that axially distorted V4+ centers are preferably positioned at the interstitial 16 g area. EAS displays broad absorption bands throughout the visible spectrum, giving it the features of a turquoise hue; modifications in absorption minima correspond to CIE-Lab colorimetric parameters. As the V content increases, Microstructural measurements (PSD/SEM) reveal a moderate refinement of the grain, leading to color uniformity. Collectively, the chromophore mechanism is elucidated by convergent structural, spectroscopic, and modeling evidence, which drives the interstitial V4+ anisotropic lattice reaction and leads to the development of a turquoise hue, offering applicable guidelines for eco-friendly, industrially feasible zircon pigments.