JSS Science and Technology University

In this work , the compound (4-Formyl N,N-dimethyl anilinium picrate (FDAP) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction method. From the 3D molecular structure it is inferred that the crystal packing is stabilized by several intra and intermolecular, Cg…Cg interactions their nature, strength and percentage contribution are corroborated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis, while the 2D fingerprint plots provided a visual representation of the intermolecular interactions via the surface area corresponding to each type of interaction. The N–H···O and C–H···O types of strong intra and intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions resulted in the formation of S(5) self-motifs and R 2 1 (6) supramolecular ring motif. The structural and electronic properties of the compound FDAP using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized geometry, total energy, HOMO-LUMO gap and vibrational spectra were calculated at the B3LYP/6–311 +G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated results showed that the molecule has a stable geometry with a trans-conformation. The HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.8178 eV indicates that the molecule has moderate stability. In order to aid in the development of better vaccines and treatments, more in-silico research, including molecular docking, was conducted against the structure of the human collapsin response mediator protein-1, a lung cancer suppressor protein. Intriguingly, which shed light on possible inhibitors and new therapeutic candidates due to the high concentration of non-covalent interactions.

Abstract In this study, a poly-glycine (PG)-modified carbon paste electrode (PGMCPE) is proposed as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of caffeic acid (CFA). To compare PGMCPE with BCPE, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used. The scan rate, pH, and concentration of the analyte were also optimized to enhance the efficiency of the sensor. In addition to CFA, the electrode was tested for its ability to act as a multi-analyte sensor by detecting riboflavin (RF) simultaneously. The sensor was able to detect up to 0.105 µM of limit of detection (LOD) and 0.350 µM of limit of quantification (LOQ) in the linear range of 0.2–6.5 µM. The sensitivity of the sensor was then tested using an apple juice sample, and the recovery rates were high. These results indicate that PGMCPE is a suitable and effective electrochemical electrode for the analysis of CFA in real samples. Graphical Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the development, characterization, and predictive modelling of sustainable epoxy composites reinforced with jute fiber and Linz-Donawitz (LD) sludge of industrial waste. Specimens were made using different LD sludge content (0–25 wt.%) and the constant jute fiber loading of 20 wt.%. The mechanical testing showed that the best composition was 60 wt.% epoxy, 20 wt.% jute, 20 wt.% LD sludge that demonstrated considerable gains in tensile strength (up to 61.84 MPa, an improvement of 28.8%), flexural strength (up to 31.81 MPa, an improvement of 41.8%), and impact strength (up to 18.026 kJ/m 2 ). After 20 wt.% sludge, the mechanical performance decreased because of interfacial defects. Machine learning models, namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost were implemented in Google Colab to predict mechanical properties from compositional inputs. XGBoost showed better predictive performance as its error measures were close to zero (MAE = 0.0005 MPa tensile strength), validating its utility for inverse material design and the optimization of sustainable hybrid composites. The findings highlight a combined waste-valorisation and data-driven design approach that supports the development of sustainable composites for structural and industrial use.

Eco-friendly, renewable materials have been pushed in many applications to replace non-renewable resources in recent years. In the present work, a similar attempt was made to replace synthetic polymer-based food packaging films with films made out of waste-derived renewable materials. In this study, pectin (P) and sodium alginate (SA) polymers were blended with turmeric essential oil (O) to increase the functionality of the film. Turmeric essential oil was chosen over other plant based essential oils due to its potential antioxidant, antifungal and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Calcium ions were used to crosslink the films with glycerol as the plasticizer in order to increase their potential usefulness. The prepared films were characterised to ascertain their performance for practical applications. Tensile strength, tear resistance, percent elongation, water contact angle, thermal stability, degree of crystallinity and FTIR analysis were undertaken to evaluate the suitability of the prepared films for intended usage. The elongation at break for P/SA film was 79.96% and that of P/SA/O film was 91.08%. Also, the ultimate modulus of P/SA film was 1.58 MPa and that of P/SA/O film was 9.49 MPa. So, it was found that the P/SA/O films have higher modulus than that of neat blend films, which indicates that oil addition did not have any negative impact on the strength of the film. The biodegradation investigations on prepared films showed that films will break down under ambient conditions over a notable period of time, indicating that they would be a better option as an environmentally benign food packaging and edible coating material. The uniqueness is in the combination of sustainable polymers selected to produce the stable antimicrobial films with essential oil extracted from the matured leaves of the plant. Most of the studies focus on use of essential oil extracted from rhizome, but in the present study, the essential oil extracted from the waste source (matured leaf) is used. Henceforth it is a value addition to the waste.

Hybrid nanofluid has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the current generation of fluid technology because of its potential and thermal characteristics, which improve the rate of heat transfer more effectively than nanofluid. Applications for hybrid nanofluids in engineering, industrial, and medical research include biological disciplines, drug, and cooling operations. Therefore, the current study examines the mass and heat transfer in Boger hybrid nanofluid circulation across a moving flat plate while accounting for linear thermal radiation and nonlinear thermal radiation with the Blasius and Sakiadis flows. The magnetic field and chemical reaction impacts are also considered. By utilizing an appropriate similarity transformation, the collection of PDEs (partial differential equations) are modified into ODEs (ordinary differential equations). The Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg-45 (RKF-45) order approach and shooting technique are employed to solve the resulting ODEs. Also examined the significant engineering quantities. The important results of this work illustrate that the velocity profile will improve by elevating the values of the solvent fraction constraint in the case of Sakiadis flow, and the opposite action in the Blasius flow. In the case of Sakiadis and Blasius flows, the temperature profile elevates as the radiation constraint value increases for both linear and non-linear thermal radiation. For both cases (Blasius and Sakiadis flows), the Nusselt number will rise as the radiation constraint and magnetic constraint values increase.

Spectroradiometers are optical instruments that measure wavelength-resolved electromagnetic radiation and have transitioned from atmospheric and material analysis to critical roles in medical diagnostics and biomedical research with advances in photonics and computation. This review summarizes their operating principles, instrumentation, and clinical applications, focusing on non-invasive diagnostics, therapeutic monitoring, and research applications such as hyperspectral imaging, tissue optics, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis. A systematic review of approximately 210 peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2025 was conducted following structured database searches and predefined inclusion criteria. The review spans oncology, dermatology, ophthalmology, and emerging biomedical domains emphasizing instrument design, detection strategies, multimodal implementations, and clinical validation. Spectroradiometers enable quantitative, real-time tissue assessment through reflectance, transmittance, and fluorescence measurements, supporting applications including cancer detection, intraoperative margin mapping, phototherapy dosimetry, and wearable physiological monitoring. AI integration enhances diagnostic accuracy and biomarker discovery, with clinical studies demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity, despite challenges related to cost, complexity, calibration, and tissue penetration. Continued miniaturization, multimodal integration, and standardized protocols are expected to accelerate clinical adoption in precision and personalized medicine.

Recent progresses in genetic engineering and biotechnology are revolutionizing crop yields, resistance to pests and diseases and environmental stability. Techniques such as CRISPR-KAS9, transgenic modification and molecular marker-support selection are enabling specific feature improvement and rapid breeding cycle. These innovations contribute to climate-elastic agriculture, reduction of agrochemical use and improved crop nutrient profiles. Moreover, biotechnological programs are supporting land health and sustainable farming practices. This chapter detects current progresses, practical applications and future possibilities in agronomies that highlight their transformative impact on global food security and agricultural productivity.

In this research paper, a detailed examination of the mechanical properties and morphologies of PLA and PBAT polymer blend materials which were produced through 3D printing techniques was conducted. The examination was completed using a PLA/PBAT/Joncryl blended material with a composition ratio of 77/20/3 wt% and manufactured through FDM techniques and an experimental design technique known as the Taguchi method to evaluate the effects of various manufacturing parameters on the mechanical characteristics of the material. This study investigates the mechanical and morphological performance of FDM-printed PLA/PBAT/Joncryl blend specimens using a Taguchi L9 design. A PLA/PBAT/Joncryl blend (77/20/3 wt%) was fabricated and printed by varying layer height (0.16–0.24 mm), printing temperature (190–210 °C), and infill density (50–100%). The optimal condition (0.16 mm, 210 °C, 100% infill) produced a maximum tensile strength of 41.20 N/mm² and elongation of 12.42%. ANOVA results confirmed infill density as the most significant parameter contributing 81.35% of the variance (P = 0.009). SEM revealed reduced voids and improved interlayer fusion at higher infill levels, while DMA showed higher storage modulus (~2200 MPa) for 100% infill specimens. The findings provide a process–structure–property relationship for optimizing biodegradable PLA/PBAT components for high-strength applications. This study illustrates that the infill % is the primary parameter that should be adjusted, while the layer height and printing temperature contribute but to a lesser extent to the improved performance of biodegradable PLA/PBAT/Joncryl blends.