Japan Display (Japan)

Advances in remote sensing now address some of the dimensions of the diversity of life on earth, Imagining specrtrometers can quantify plant functional diversity, detect features diagnostic of taxonomic identity and assess landscape patters with far more ecological resolution resolution than legacy sensors. Several high fedlity instruments are now on orbit and more are under development, meaning these data are potentially available anywhere and soon will be available everywhere as time series. Space-based spectroscopy compliments and are synergistic with in-situ data, while requiring in-situ data for calibration and validation of ecosystem-sensitive algorithms. These new space based data contribute to change detection, habitat analysis, ecosystem function and patterns of functional diversity. Imaging spectroscopy from space samples canopies, while in-situ date sample species and this disconnect is not only a methological challlenge, it shapes science and applications for which the image data are useful. Current global data sample many of the world's ecosystems and calibration data are available spanning the climatic and much of the phylogenetic variation for overstory vegetation. We plot extant field studies linked to remote sensing in climate and taxonomic space to show coverage and gaps in information for synergistic and calibration activity. Field data now available, and reasonably consistent span eco-climatic space, using the Olsen mapping approach, and cover most of the branches on the tree of life for vegetation in high, mid-and low-latitude ecosystems. A recent project in Panama adds coverage of tropical forests and a large number of families not previously sampled in conjunction with spectral data from air and space. We will discuss scaling challenges from the cm scale to the tens of meters sampled by space-borne imagers and the important role of aircraft or done intermediates. We will present results from a global survey of tropical ecosystems to demonstrate the potential of these new data through variation in trait space, scaling patterns and environmental variation and contrast these with upscaled in -situ approaches.

Colour conversion offers the clearest path to achieve RGB colours in high resolution microdisplays for AR/VR. With resolutions beyond 5000 ppi (i.e. RGB pitch of ~5 μm), the thickness of the conversion layers is critical for efficiency and manufacturing. Perovskites outperform other conversion materials (quantum dots or phosphors) with their high absorption coefficients for blue light. In this contribution, we show how perovskite materials, engineered for high optical density and colour purity, can be patterned to produce colour converting pixels. We demonstrate patterning using three approaches (lift-off, negative photoresist and dry etch) and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The results consolidate the choice of perovskites for AR/VR applications by demonstrating their robustness and compatibility with multiple patterning strategies suitable for high resolution microdisplays.

Near-eye display (NED) technology constitutes a fundamental component of head-mounted display (HMD) systems. The compact form factor required by HMDs imposes stringent constraints on optical design, often resulting in pronounced wavefront aberrations that significantly degrade visual fidelity. In addition, natural eye movements dynamically induce varying blur that further compromises image quality. To mitigate these challenges, a gaze-contingent neural network framework has been developed to compensate for aberrations within the foveal region. The network is trained in an end-to-end manner to minimize the discrepancy between the optically degraded system output and the corresponding ground truth image. A forward imaging model is employed, in which the network output is convolved with a spatially varying point spread function (PSF) to accurately simulate the degradation introduced by the optical system. To accommodate dynamic changes in gaze direction, a foveated attention-guided module is incorporated to adaptively modulate the pre-correction process, enabling localized compensation centered on the fovea. Additionally, an end-to-end trainable architecture has been designed to integrate gaze-informed blur priors. Both simulation and experimental validations confirm that the proposed method substantially reduces gaze-dependent aberrations and enhances retinal image clarity within the foveal region, while maintaining high computational efficiency. The presented framework offers a practical and scalable solution for improving visual performance in aberration-sensitive NED systems.

Over the recent few years, extensive research efforts have shifted from normal (n-i-p) to inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their promising efficiency and operational stability, enabled by low-temperature processing. Despite a fundamentally identical operation principle (only structurally inverted), the optimized perovskite compositions for normal and inverted PSCs differ significantly across the literature, suggesting an underlying design principle for perovskite composition. Here, we unveil the role of cesium cation in enhancing interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and the underlying hole-transporting layer (HTL) in inverted PSCs. Comprehensive in situ and device characterization reveal that cesium incorporation promotes the formation of initial nucleation seeds for heterogeneous nucleation at the perovskite/hydrophobic HTL interface, thereby improving their contact. The resulting compositional heterogeneity explains the focus of recent studies on resolving this issue. This study provides mechanistic insight into designing perovskite compositions to further enhance the performance and longevity of PSCs.

Optical patterning of quantum dots is essential for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes displays. However, current patterning methods either require inert environments or compromised quantum dots optical properties under ambient conditions. Here, we report a photoresist-free strategy enabling direct quantum dot patterning in air by using triphenylphosphine, a cost-effective, commercially available molecule that functions simultaneously as a surface ligand, photoinitiator, and oxidation protector. Under light exposure, triphenylphosphine reacts with atmospheric oxygen to trigger solubility changes, allowing precise patterning with resolutions up to 9534 dpi. The resulting devices exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 21.6% (blue), 25.6% (green), and 20.2% (red). We further demonstrate full-color active-matrix quantum dots light-emitting diodes displays by integrating the patterned red, green and blue quantum dots with thin-film transistor backplanes. This work offers a scalable, non-destructive, and environmentally compatible patterning solution for industrial display technologies.

Abstract III–V semiconductors, particularly InP, have demonstrated significant potential for seamless integration into nanophotonic systems. However, conventional zincblende InP crystals exhibit inherently weak second‐harmonic generation (SHG) due to limited second‐order nonlinear susceptibility, presenting a major challenge for developing effective nonlinear optical components in integrated photonic circuits. Here, it is demonstrated that large‐area biphasic wurtzite‐zincblende (WZ–ZB) interfaces can remarkably enhance SHG in InP nanomembranes, yielding up to a 200‐fold intensity increase in the short‐wave infrared range. This enhancement stems from the type‐II band alignment at the polytypic interface, which spatially separates photogenerated carriers, prolonging carrier lifetimes and sustaining a strong nonlinear polarization source. The abrupt phase boundary and the nanomembrane's large surface‐to‐volume ratio introduce additional symmetry‐breaking at the interface, which further amplifies the SHG signal. The polarization dependence of SHG and the resulting SHG‐induced photoluminescence exhibit anisotropic features. The results establish crystalline phase engineering in WZ–ZB InP homostructures as a highly effective strategy for tailoring nonlinear optical processes, offering new pathways for high‐efficiency wavelength conversion and integrated on‐chip nonlinear photonic circuits.

We fabricate near-infrared light-induced self-written optical waveguide which connects graded-index glass optical fibers with 50 μm core size. The optical waveguide demonstrates flexibility, adhesiveness against displacement, low loss, and relaxed alignment tolerance. It is applicable to autonomous driving systems requiring high-speed optical data transmission.

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the most typical intelligent materials. However, the precise regulation of the shape memory effect (SME) remains a critical challenge in the field. This study introduces a simple strategy for regulating the SME, employing crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane (CTPU) as the raw material and utilizing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimer to regulate both one-way SME (1W-SME) and two-way SME (2W-SME). Results showed that incorporation of IPDI-trimer induced a cross-linked network within CTPU. The tensile strength at break reached a maximum of 27.4 MPa, and the elongation at break remained relatively high (2484%) when the IPDI-trimer content was below 10wt%. The resulting cross-linked CTPU exhibited exceptional one-way shape memory performance, achieving a 99.9% recovery rate and 96.4% fixation rate. Notably, switchable 2W-SME emerged when IPDI-trimer concentrations exceeded 11wt%. This dual SME functionality, coupled with a 54.3% actuation magnitude, signified a significant advancement in SMPs capabilities. Systematic analysis reveals that shape memory activation originates from the synergistic effects of oriented crystalline domain melting and energy release within the cross-linked network under thermal stimuli. The precise control of 1W-SME and 2W-SME demonstrated in this study fundamentally arises from regulated crystallinity and cross-linking degree of CTPU. Owing to these enhanced integrated properties, these materials show great promise for diverse applications, particularly in smart sensors and intelligent robotics.