Jishou University

ABSTRACT In this context, two novel multi‐cyano monomers based on phenanthro‐pyrazine derivatives, dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline‐2,3,7,10‐tetracarbonitrile (TCP) and dibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐3,11‐dicarbonitrile (TPI), were synthesized for constructing covalent triazine‐based frameworks via ZnCl 2 ‐triggered polytrimerization. The optimal molar ratios of monomers to anhydrous ZnCl 2 were first investigated, then a series of CTF‐TCPs and CTF‐TPIs were synthesized at different polymerization temperatures and characterized systematically. The resulting frameworks were amorphous and exhibited high specific surface areas (1735 m 2 g −1 for CTF‐TCP‐7 and 1400 m 2 g −1 for CTF‐TPI‐5). The CO 2 capture capacities of as‐synthesized CTF‐TCPs and CTF‐TPIs were evaluated. Owing to the presence of pyrazine and triazine rings within their highly porous structures, CTF‐TCP‐7 and CTF‐TPI‐5 demonstrated CO 2 uptake capacities of 4.10 and 3.62 mmol g −1 at 273 K. Additionally, CTF‐TCP‐3 exhibited the highest CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 65.1 at 273 K and 1 bar as determined by the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST).

ABSTRACT A formation inversion algorithm with real‐time performance and accuracy is crucial for natural gamma logging while drilling (LWD). However, traditional inversion algorithms are often limited by high computational resource consumption and insufficient accuracy. To address these issues, an improved forward method for natural gamma LWD is proposed. The inverse problem is subsequently modelled using the proposed forward method through which the search methodology and region of formation information are determined. On this basis, a collaborative fuzzy gradient neural dynamics (CFGND) algorithm is proposed, which combines the advantages of the collaborative mechanism in swarm intelligence algorithms and fuzzy gradient neural dynamics (FGND) to improve its accuracy and real‐time performance. Specifically, the collaborative mechanism is applied to conduct a global search using all possible formation information. Concurrently, the FGND algorithm initiates a local search from each particle and dynamically and intelligently adjusts the learning rate of the neural dynamics through a fuzzy logic system during the process to achieve rapid and stable local convergence. The CFGND algorithm subsequently updates its globally optimal solution using the optimal solution obtained from the FGND algorithm. This iterative process continues until the termination condition is met. Theoretical analysis proves the existence of an optimal solution for the inverse problem and the convergence of the CFGND algorithm. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed formation inversion algorithm features high accuracy and sufficient real‐time performance.

ABSTRACT To address key challenges in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction for syngas production—including low catalyst activity, difficult product ratio control, and poor photogenerated charge separation efficiency, a one‐step molten salt strategy was utilized to synthesize Cu + ‐doped In 2 S 3 , which achieves photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to syngas with yields of CO:H 2 ≈ 1:1. The introduced Cu + ions create sulfur vacancies, synergistically boosting CO 2 adsorption, charge separation, and light‐harvesting. Importantly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that Cu + doping effectively reduces the formation energy barrier of the key * CO intermediate, providing a thermodynamic driving force for the selective reduction of CO 2 to CO. This effectively promotes CO 2 adsorption and activation while thermodynamically lowering the energy barrier for the CO 2 reduction reaction. This study elucidates the synergistic enhancement mechanism between Cu + and sulfur vacancies and provides a feasible strategy for developing solar‐driven photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction.

Insects perceive chemical cues from conspecifics and hosts through their sensitive chemosensory system. The chemosensory receptors, which are mainly represented by odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs), are highly enriched in the chemosensory tissues and are crucial for perceiving and transducing chemical signals. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of different tissues of Protegira songi, a notorious defoliator that specifically infests the medicinal and rubber plant Eucommia ulmoides and identified 77 candidate chemosensory receptors (50 PsonORs, 19 PsonIRs, and 8 PsonGRs). Gene expression were analyzed based on the transcriptome data. Sample relationship analysis revealed that the gene expression profiles of male and female antennae were highly correlated and formed an independent group from other tissues. Furthermore, the gene expression patterns of the antennae also showed a high degree of correlation with those of the mouthparts. PsonORs, PsonIRs, and PsonGRs are all transmembrane proteins. They exhibit high sequence divergence within their respective families, yet share high sequence identity with their orthologues in other Lepidoptera insects. Most PsonORs and PsonIRs are primarily expressed in male and female antennae, whereas mouthparts are the main sites for PsonGRs expression. Our results suggest that the antennae and mouthparts are critical chemosensory organs in P. songi. PsonORs, PsonIRs, and PsonGRs exhibit typical sequence features of insect chemosensory receptors, and those highly enriched in these organs may play an important role in chemosensory perception. Furthermore, the transcriptome data presented in this study may facilitate the studies on the molecular targets for controlling this harmful pest.

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Critical Discourse Studies, have retracted the following article: Feng Liu (02 Jan 2026): Male Separatism: Discourse, Ideology, and Argumentation, Critical Discourse Studies, DOI: 10.1080/17405904.2025.2611251 After publication, concerns have been raised by a third party about the integrity of this book review. Further investigation conducted by the Journal and Publisher confirmed the book review contains factual inaccuracies and claims which are unsupported by the original source text. When approached for an explanation, the author has confirmed that the significant errors were introduced by the use of generative AI. This was not disclosed by the author at submission or during the peer review process. The author has also requested the retraction of the article. As the undisclosed use of AI is in breach of our editorial policies, and verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed. The author agrees to retract the article. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.

The appendix was once considered to be vestigial and useless organ. However, in recent years, research has confirmed that the appendix is associated with human immune function and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through regulating the gut microbiota. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease associated with genetics, the environment, immunity, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Multiple studies have shown that the appendix and UC are closely related. With the advent of ultraslim subscopes allowing direct visualization (cholangioscopes), innovative methods for endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis with appendix preservation have been successfully implemented. This has not only shifted the traditional approach to diagnosing and treating appendicitis, but has also opened the way for new insights and discoveries in exploring the relationship between the appendix and UC.

Plant-derived self-assembled nanoparticles, especially from food-medicine homology sources, are gaining attention, yet their structure-function relationships remain unclear. This study identified such nanoparticles from leaf decoction of Eucommia ulmoides, a key plant in traditional Asian medicine and diet, termed EUPs. These spherical particles (~287.8 nm) were primarily composed of polysaccharides and polyphenols, with 268 polyphenolic compounds detected via UPLC-QTOF-MS. Stepwise dissociation-ultrafiltration and spectroscopic analyses revealed that polyphenols were bound to the polysaccharide through noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces, forming a layered structure with sustained-release and thermo-responsive properties. Compared with free polyphenols, EUPs exhibited significantly prolonged anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, reflected by the suppression of key inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and NO. Therefore, it aims to offer mechanistic insights into the multi-component synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of E. ulmoides and supporting the material basis of food-medicine homology.

Seed traits play a pivotal role in shaping rodent-mediated seed dispersal, a key process driving forest regeneration. However, disentangling the independent and interactive effects of physical (coat thickness), nutritional, and chemical (tannin) traits remains challenging due to their natural covariation. Using artificial seeds in enclosures, we quantified how these traits influence foraging decisions by Leopoldamys edwardsi, a dominant scatter-hoarding rodent in subtropical forests. Our results revealed a hierarchical order of trait importance: nutrient content > tannin content > coat thickness. High-nutrient seeds were preferentially consumed, while moderately nutrient-rich seeds (50% peanut powder) were most frequently scatter-hoarded, balancing immediate energy gain and long-term storage. Tannins exerted a dual effect: low concentrations (0.5%) enhanced consumption, likely due to reduced microbial decay, whereas high concentrations (7%) deterred both consumption and hoarding by impairing digestibility. Coat thickness had weaker effects but interacted with nutrients, as thin-coated, high-nutrient seeds were favored for both consumption and hoarding. Interactive effects highlighted a "benefit-first" decision framework, where rodents prioritize energy gain (nutrients), then modulate behavior to preserve benefits (tannins aiding storage), and finally account for handling costs (coat thickness). These findings illuminate coevolutionary dynamics between rodents and seeds, emphasizing how trait combinations shape mutualistic interactions critical for forest dynamics. Our study provides a mechanistic basis for predicting how shifts in seed traits may disrupt these interactions, with implications for ecosystem management.