KRI

In relativistic plasma expansion, a relative motion of plasma components causes absorption of spectral lines to be Doppler-shifted with respect to the emission line centers. The shift of spectral line can be of an order or exceeding the natural linewidth, leading to a significant reduction in self-absorption and optical thickness of the plasma. In this paper we experimentally examine the effect of femtosecond relativistic laser plasma expanding from both sides of the solid foil target. In an experiment, a hot plasma x-ray source in a 1–2 μm thin 4-chlorostyrene foil was created by high-contrast ∼ 1 × 1021 W/cm2 pulses delivered by the J-KAREN-P facility. In addition, the rear side of the target was heated by 1/100 of the main pulse power with a controlled few-nanosecond time delay. It is demonstrated that the high velocity of the downstream and upstream (from the rear side) plasma expansion essentially induces plasma transparency for K-shell emission from He-like chlorine ions dominating the ion charge distribution.

Bayu Puji Ubaidillah. C09178006. 2022.“ Perancangan Outer Sulam dengan Bahan Kain Tenun Seseran Khas Tuban ” dilatarbelakangi dari ketertarikan untuk memperkenalkan Tenun Seseran yang dahulunya hanya dipakai para nelayan untuk menyaring ikan menjadi sebuah produk fashion dengan menambahkan teknik sulam Tanpa meninggalkan tekstur kain tenun Seseran yang terkesan primitif. Metode perancangan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan seni kriya oleh Gustami. Metode ini mencakup tiga tahapan yaitu eksplorasi/penggalian sumber ide, pengumpulan sumber referensi untuk medapatkan solusi dalam perancangan, dan tahap perancangan/visualisasi perancangan dalam bentuk verbal. Perwujudan pada perancangan ini adalah outer sulam motif belimbing Tasikmadu dengan teknik jelujur. Kata kunci : Belimbing Tasikmadu, Kain Tenun Seseran, Sulam, Outer

ABSTRACT Efficient nitrogen (N) utilization is crucial for improving fertilizer use efficiency in crop production. Methane fermentation waste fluid (MFW) has emerged as a promising biofertilizer; however, its interaction with soil texture and application rates remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MFW application rates on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and N dynamics under contrasting soil textures – sandy loam (SL) and clayey loam (CL) – and to identify the optimum application rates for balancing crop productivity and environmental impacts. Pot experiments (1/2000a) were conducted over two years with three MFW application rates (375, 750, and 1500 mg N pot−1), a chemical fertilizer (NH4Cl, 750 mg N pot−1), and a control treatment (0N). To track N derived from inorganic fertilizer (Ndfif) across plant uptake, soil retention, and environmental losses, 15NH4Cl (99%) was added as a tracer while keeping the total N content in each treatment. The results indicated that maize SPAD values, biomass, and yield were significantly enhanced in SL soil than in CL soil. Increasing MFW rates improved maize yield in 2021 but showed reduced effectiveness under limited irrigation in 2022. Despite lower Ndfif retention in SL soil, total Ndfif recovery (soil and plant) was significantly higher (73–79%) compared to CL soil (53–76%), which was strongly influenced by MFW rates and water availability. Ndfif losses were more pronounced in CL soil due to NH3 volatilization and NO3-N leaching, especially at higher MFW rates. Although N recovery from MFW was lower than chemical fertilizer at equivalent N levels, MFW provided sufficient N for maize yield. Considering yield and environmental impact, the optimum MFW application rate was estimated at 700–1000 mg N pot−1 for SL soil and 500–776 mg N pot−1 for CL soil. Our findings highlight that while MFW is highly effective in sandy soils, its application in clayey soils requires careful management to mitigate N losses through volatilization and leaching. By tailoring MFW rates to soil texture and water regimes, it is possible to enhance maize productivity and reduce environmental impacts, supporting sustainable nutrient management strategies in agricultural systems.

Abstract Nickel’s versatile properties and growing demand, particularly in stainless steel and electric vehicle industries, highlight the need for environmentally sustainable recovery methods amid depleting high-grade reserves. This study explores the bioleaching potential of Trametes versicolor OG2 for nickel extraction from chromite tailings, olivine, and serpentine under varying pH (4.5–6.3) and retention times (3 and 7 days). Optimal recovery from olivine (41.82%) and serpentine (30.97%) was achieved at pH 5 after 7 days, underscoring the influence of extended processing. The fungus demonstrated high tolerance to heavy metals, including nickel and chromium. Organic acids, particularly oxalic and citric acids, produced by the fungus, were identified as key leaching agents, enhancing the extraction of nickel and iron. However, high chromite levels in serpentine reduced metal dissolution due to toxic hexavalent chromium. These findings position T. versicolor as a sustainable and effective agent for nickel recovery, offering a promising pathway toward environmentally friendly mining and heavy metal remediation. Graphical Abstract

BackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by recessive mutations in the α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) utilizing terminal mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-carrying N-glycans attached to therapeutic enzymes produced by mammalian cell lines has been clinically applied to several LSDs. Recent studies suggested an unidentified delivery pathway mediated by sialic acid-containing N-glycans. However, more economical platform development is required to produce large quantities of recombinant enzymes. Transgenic silkworms have been established as low-cost systems for expressing recombinant glycoproteins. Microbial endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) enable the transglycosylation of N-glycans to other types.MethodsWe purified recombinant human IDUA from IDUA transgenic silkworm cocoons and performed ENGase-mediated transglycosylation. Furthermore, we performed intravenous enzyme replacement therapy in a Japanese macaque MPS I non-human primate model carrying a homozygous IDUA missense mutation.ResultsHere we show the establishment of IDUA transgenic silkworms and purification of recombinant human IDUA from cocoons. As M6P- and sialic acid-containing N-glycans are not attached to purified hIDUA, we perform ENGase-mediated transglycosylation to obtain hIDUAs with M6P- and sialic acid-containing N-glycans (neoglyco-hIDUAs). Furthermore, we perform intravenous neoglyco-hIDUA replacement therapy in MPS I non-human primate model and succeed in improving the clinical signs and reducing the urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels.ConclusionsThese glycotechnologies using transgenic silkworms and ENGases are expected to serve as platforms for developing therapeutic glycoproteins.

Nickel-rich layered oxides, particularly LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), are considered some of the most promising candidates for next-generation battery cathode materials due to their high voltage, high capacity, and cost-effectiveness, which is attributed to the reduction in the cobalt content. However, nickel-rich layered materials suffer from significant capacity decay, especially at high voltages. Therefore, directly observing the crystal structure changes in NMC811 under high voltage and the growth of cracks is crucial for understanding the capacity decay mechanism in these materials. In the present study, we utilized synchrotron radiation technology to enable real-time tracking of lattice and morphological changes. Specifically, we performed high-resolution X-ray diffraction on two different forms of NMC811 (single crystalline and polycrystalline) under various delithiation states to analyze their crystal structure changes. Additionally, operando X-ray computed tomography tests were conducted to observe the morphological changes during charging and discharging.

Precision agriculture is gaining popularity in both commercial and research and development applications recent days. Plant management systems are constantly evolving, taking into account real-time or offline data collecting and processing in order to fully account for the geographical and temporal fluctuations of plant and soil components. This step can be achieved by lowering energy use, reducing the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and greenhouse gases (GHG), while simultaneously increasing output. To address the food and fibre needs of a rapidly rising population, sustainability is critical. With this in mind, the goal of this study is to not only present a complete picture, but also to elucidate the context by highlighting major scientific research and applications related to optoelectronics proximate sensors. Is to attempt to create a 360-degree vision. Agriculture. The reviews are divided into categories based on the most common sensor types and applications (grayscale / RGB imaging, Visible Near Infrared (VisNIR) and NIR, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDRE) sensors, stereo). That's precisely the Point that the Vision, thermography, composite sensors, phenotypic sensors, and other technologies are being developed. Two distinct chapters on the use and development of specialised analytical methodologies, as well as term map analysis to visually identify major clusters based on certain subject areas are studied.