Kahramaa (Qatar)

With the increasing ubiquity of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs), peer-to-peer energy trading is gradually entering its global operational phase. In addition to existing peer-to-grid energy trading programs, several countries have developed special regulatory frameworks that reward prosumers who share the excess energy they produce within RECs that are virtually defined over the national grid. In addition, peer-to-peer energy sharing can be independently regulated within RECs established as microgrids that have their own operating structure. This study examines the impact of regulatory frameworks on peer-to-peer energy sharing and prosumer rewards in diverse RECs. Using agent-based modeling, we create social simulations for RECs where prosumer rewards are diversely regulated and then measure the success of energy sharing as financial benefits to prosumers. Results show that the removal or reduction of fuel subsidies and the adoption of net metering to reward prosumers are the most effective measures to ensure the highest rewards for prosumers. The use of batteries to store excess energy produced for later self-consumption can also be effective, especially in microgrid energy communities.

The electricity demand keeps increasing with development and time, which leads to the need to install more generating units in the grid. Therefore, the fault current levels will rise above the limits of the electrical equipment, particularly when the electric grid becomes meshed and interconnected with neighboring networks. Consequently, the electrical equipment needs to be replaced or use a method that will decrease the fault current to be within the permissible boundaries. The existing solutions such as neutral impedance, current limiting reactor (CLR), and bus splitting have negative impacts on the electric grid. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) appears to be a promising solution. In this paper, the resistive SFCL is proposed to enhance the stability of the interconnected power system. The two-area system is used as a case study for the interconnected power system. Also, the optimal value and locations of the resistive SFCL are analyzed. The results show that the system will remain stable without tuning the power system stabilizer (PSS).

An accurate assessment of solar radiation resources is crucial in supporting the management of solar energy-based projects. When available, high-quality ground radiometric measurements present the best data source for resource assessment and variability analysis due to their low error rate. Qatar is blessed with high solar radiation levels. However, significant aerosol loads in the atmosphere constitute unknown challenges for the performance of solar systems. A thorough assessment of the impact of aerosols on solar yield is necessary to establish the severity of these challenges. This paper presented a study of solar resource variation in Qatar aimed at understanding the impact of aerosols, based on measurements from two monitoring stations, one inland and one closer to the coastline. The inland station is at the site of the 800 MW solar power plant under construction in Al Kharsaah. The station closer to the coastline is at the HBKU Research Complex in Doha. The analysis of solar radiation components (direct, diffuse, global) from data collected at these stations shows higher solar radiation inland than in areas closer to the coastline. The ensuing results provide valuable insights on solar resource variability for a more effective placement of solar plants in Qatar.

Background: In the last few decades, plants have been playing a vital role in treating cancer and infectious diseases. Natural products have been rediscovered as effective methods of drug production amid advances in combinatorial chemistry. Roots of Martynia annua are being used as a folklore remedy for the treatment of cancer and rheumatism successfully. Aims of the Study: In the present study, ethanolic, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic root extracts of Martynia annua were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity activity using different cell lines. Settings and Design: In the experiment, lung cancer cell lines (A549), leukemia cancer cell lines (K562), oral cancer cell lines (SCC-40), breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) & cervix cancer cell lines (SiHa) were studied on the extracts. Materials and Methods: The method used was Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay technique in which growth inhibition of 50% (GI50) was analyzed by comparing it with standard drug Adriamycin (ADR) (doxorubicin). Results: Aqueous & ethanolic extract of Martynia annua root had shown high anticancer activity with GI50 value 11.3µg/ml and 20.4µg/ml respectively on human leukemia cell line K-562 but for human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human lung cancer cell line A-549, human squamous cell carcinoma SCC-40 and human cervical cancer cell line SiHa the extracts showed activity in more than 80µg/ml. Conclusion: The anticancer activity of aqueous extract of Martynia annua root was found superior than the ethanolic extract in Human Leukemia Cell Line K-562. The study indicates that the Martynia annua root extracts are most effective against the fast proliferative cells (Leukemic cells) and possibly a cell cycle arrest (needed to be proved as future perspective) is the mode of action of the extract. To study its effect on targeted cancers, specific in vivo scientific studies and clinical trials should be carried out by further researchers.

Mengenai penyediaan informasi jabatan, Personel harus memenuhi persyaratan untuk menduduki jabatan tersebut, Sesuai dengan Peraturan Kepolisian (PERKAP) tentang jabatan personel. Contohnya ialah seorang personel harus mencapai Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (AKBP) sehingga ia bisa menduduki jabatan sebagai Kepala Kepolisian Resort (KAPOLRES). Kegiatan menghubungkan data personel dengan menggunakan Algoritma Apriori dapat di lakukan dengan aturan aturan tertentu sehingga dapat menghasilkan hubungan antara pangkat dan umur dan mampu membantu para personel agar mengetahui informasi jenjang karir nya kedepan melalui sistem informasi kepolisian. Dari data personel yang mencakup umur, pangkat dan keahlian yang di korelasikan dengan jabatan menggunakan metode Algoritma Apriori terdapat nilai minimum Support 30% dan confidence nya 50% sehingga mendapatkan Best Rule nya adalah 15%. Dari hasil yang didapat yaitu jika usia Usia Polisi U2( 32 - 45 ), Pangkat Polisi APD (AIPDA) dan Pendidikan SMAmaka Jabatan yang diterima Polisi lebih cenderung kepada SSB (SATSABHARA) Hasil pengetahuan informasi baru untuk membantu para personel agar mengetahui informasi jenjang karir polisi kedepan dengan pangkat yang ia duduki sekarang berdasarkan support dan confidence sesuai pangkat dan umur.

Installing an effective electricity sub-metering system can be a source of significant energy and cost savings in modern buildings. That is, sub-metering systems provide a clear and accurate picture of how and when energy is being consumed inside a building, and help understanding the consumption patterns to reduce it where possible. Accordingly, this paper presents the implementation, outcomes and challenges of a real sub-metering project as part of the Greener Schools initiative in Qatar, where a real-time electricity sub-metering and monitoring system has been installed into three school buildings. Best practices for selecting the sub-meters and their installation points are described. One of the target schools is used as a case study to illustrate the procedure and identify its consumption behavior and potential reduction routes. In addition, different energy consumption metrics and consumption classifications are presented.

This paper proposes a new contaminant detection and water quality monitoring approach. Firstly, we propose an enhanced water quality modeling technique based on machine learning (e.g Gaussian process regression (GPR)) that aims at improving the proper understanding of the behavior of water distribution systems. To improve the performances of the developed water quality model even further, multiscale representation of data will be used to develop multiscale extension of these method. Multiscale representation is a powerful data analysis way that presents efficient separation of deterministic characteristics from random noise. Thus, multiscale GPR method, that combines the advantages of the machine learning method with those of multiscale representation, will be developed to enhance the water quality modeling performance. Secondly, technique to detect contaminant in WDN using hypothesis testing chart will be developed. Generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) has shown a good detection performances when compared to the classical detection charts. Then, to further enhance the performance of contaminant detection, a multiscale GPR-based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) GLRT (EWMA-GLRT) chart is developed. Therefore, this paper aims at enhancing the performances of contaminant monitoring using multiscale GPR-based GLRT and MSGPR-based EWMA-GLRT approaches.

KAHRAMAA initiated AMI pilot project in 2012 for 17,000 customers including both, residential and commercial categories in three different zones in Doha, Qatar. AMI Pilot project aims to evaluate technology suitability and feasibility to overcome the regional challenges for roll out. As I am sure everyone is aware of the complexity involved in AMI deployment, it is very important to identify all the technology and process gaps to have a successful roll out. As Smart Metering technologies are still emerging; it is very important to explore various technologies available in the Market. We would like to share the challenges we have faced during the implementation phase to help other utilities to consider these painful points before moving ahead with their AMI implementation. We would also like to recommend some best practices to ensure smooth and successful implementation. AMI System helps Utility to measure customers consumption and power quality parameters remotely and it supports On-Demand Reads, Connect/Disconnect commands that saves operational cost for Utility. Smart Meters enable utility to provide customers with detailed information about their energy usage, which in turn enables customers to manage their energy use more proactively. Smart Meters are the first step toward creating a Smart Grid. As with the Smart Grid; digital technologies are applied to every aspect of the industry, from generation, to transmission, to distribution, to the customer interface. This will help the grid sense what is happening to the energy flow, keep it in balance and improve reliability. Through the power quality parameters, utility can plan and operate their network more efficiently.

Measurements of magnetic fields around power lines and distribution substations located in residential areas have increased in recent years because of public concern about the possible negative health effects of these fields. This paper presents the results of magnetic field measurements performed in and around a 400 kV gas insulated substation belonging to the Qatar power grid in order to face the requirements of the international guidelines regarding the human exposure to the magnetic fields. The measurements was covered the magnetic fields from the substation equipment, substation control room and from the incoming/outgoing overhead lines surrounding the substation. The measurement and calculation of magnetic field profile of 400 kV power lines are also carried out. The resulting levels of magnetic fields were presented in a variety of graphical formats including 3-D plots and contour maps in order to facilitate the location of high intensity magnetic field zones inside and outside the substation. The high intensity field zones are highlighted and the highest field values found is compared with the exposure limits given by the international standards and actual legislation of the Qatar Ministry of Environment. The results show that all measured values were well below the standard recommendations safety limits. The results and conclusions of this work are outlined in the paper.