Kalashnikov Group (Russia)

Synthesis of published and new data from the Govorov and Kocebu guyots provide geochemical and chronostratigraphic constraints on hydrogenetic cobalt-rich Fe-Mn crusts from the Western Pacific Magellan Seamount Trail (MST). The history of the crusts began about 65–60 Ma, when the relict layer R was deposited in the Campanian—Maastrichtian and Late Paleocene along the shores of guyots. The growth of the old-generation crusts continued in the Late Paleocene—Early Eocene (Layer I-1) and in the Middle—Late Eocene (Layer I-2) in a shallow-water shelf environment. The younger layers formed in the Late Oligocene—Early Miocene (Layer I-2b), Miocene (Layer II), and Pliocene—Pleistocene (Layer III) at depths about the present sea level. The precipitation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides from seawater was interrupted by several times, with the longest gap from 38 to 26.5 Ma between the old (R, I-1, and I-2) and young (I-2b, II, and III) layers. Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides in the crusts were affected by two global events of phosphogenesis in the Pacific: Late Eocene—Early Oligocene, from 43 to 39 Ma (Layers R, I-1, I-2) and Late Oligocene—Early Miocene, from 27 to 21 Ma (Layer I-2b). The trace element patterns in different layers of the Co-rich Fe-Mn crusts are grouped using factor analysis of principal components (varimax raw) into four factors: (1) +(all REEs except Ce and La); (2) +(Ce, La, Ba, Mo, Sr, Pb); (3) +(Zr, Hf, Nb, Rb, As)/-Pb; (4) +(U, Th, Co, As, Sb, W)/-Y. The factor score diagrams highlight fields which are especially contrasting for Layers I-1, I-2, and II + III according to factors 2 and 4. Consistent REE and Y variations in Layers I-2b → II → III of the crust from Pallada Guyot correlate with gradual ocean deepening between the Late Oligocene—Early Miocene and Present when the MST guyots were submerging. Large variations in the trace element contents across coeval layers may be due to the hydrodynamics of currents on the guyot surfaces. Furthermore, the geochemistry of the crusts bears effects from repeated episodes of Cenozoic volcanism in the MST region of the Pacific Plate. Higher contents of Nb, Zr, As, Sb, and W in the younger layers II and III may result from large-scale volcanism, including Miocene eruptions of petit-spot volcanoes.

The methodical approach to the integrated assessment of the ecological state of urban environment (on the example of Khabarovsk), oriented on engineering-ecological surveys and consisting in the application of the method of normalization and weighting with the determination of weighting coefficients by means of expert evaluations, was proposed. 16 indicators characterizing the ecological state of the natural environment components and physical impacts, united into groups, were identified. Weighting coefficients for individual factors and their groups were established. The use of this approach in assessing the ecological situation of the territory of the Khabarovsk administrative districts was shown and its suitability for various urbanized areas was noted.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various biofluids have demonstrated potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in several diseases. However, their utility in early stages of disease development has not been extensively investigated. Additionally, given their role in intercellular communication, decoding the landscape of underlying cell-to-cell signaling in a clinical or subclinical condition based on EV-specific analyses has so far remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate the utility of urinary EVs for cross-week biomonitoring and for capturing the perturbation of underlying organismal signaling in a small well-characterized group of workers with inhalational exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in fabric coating factory. Workers wore organic vapor cartridge respirators during the week to eliminate respiratory exposures. Spot urine was collected before and after the respirator intervention – pre-RESP and post-RESP, respectively. Following extensive characterization of EVs isolated from the urine samples, the relative enrichment of EV-specific RNAs and proteins and their associated biological processes were determined between pre-RESP and post-RESP samples. Distinct EV-specific RNA and protein signatures between the two groups strongly correlated with established biological and immune-related processes involved in asthma and lung inflammation. Using single cell transcriptomics data from the human cell atlas, EV-mRNAs highly enriched in pre-RESP, but not post-RESP, samples revealed global immune dysregulation and enrichment of associated cell types, such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. The findings indicate that urinary EVs and their contents can be utilized for biomonitoring of lung health and can reveal the effects of exposure on the underlying organismal signaling. One Sentence Summary: Urinary extracellular vesicles and their cargo hold great potential to monitor lung health and changes in systemic signaling in inhalational exposures.

BackgroundInformation about the range of Hounsfield values for healthy teeth tissues could become an additional tool in assessing dental health and could be used, among other data, for subsequent machine learning.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to determine dental tissue densities in Hounsfield units (HU).MethodsThe total sample included 36 healthy children (n=21, 58% girls and n=15, 42% boys) aged 10-11 years at the time of the study. The densities of 320 teeth tissues were analyzed. Data were expressed as means and SDs. The significance was determined using the Student (1-tailed) t test. The statistical significance was set at P<.05.ResultsThe densities of 320 teeth tissues were analyzed: 72 (22.5%) first permanent molars, 72 (22.5%) permanent central incisors, 27 (8.4%) second primary molars, 40 (12.5%) tooth germs of second premolars, 37 (11.6%) second premolars, 9 (2.8%) second permanent molars, and 63 (19.7%) tooth germs of second permanent molars. The analysis of the data showed that tissues of healthy teeth in children have different density ranges: enamel, from mean 2954.69 (SD 223.77) HU to mean 2071.00 (SD 222.86) HU; dentin, from mean 1899.23 (SD 145.94) HU to mean 1323.10 (SD 201.67) HU; and pulp, from mean 420.29 (SD 196.47) HU to mean 183.63 (SD 97.59) HU. The tissues (enamel and dentin) of permanent central incisors in the mandible and maxilla had the highest mean densities. No gender differences concerning the density of dental tissues were reliably identified.ConclusionsThe evaluation of Hounsfield values for dental tissues can be used as an objective method for assessing their densities. If the determined densities of the enamel, dentin, and pulp of the tooth do not correspond to the range of values for healthy tooth tissues, then it may indicate a pathology.

The paper comparatively studies the effect of implanting O+ ions into the Cu50Ni50 and Cu56Mn44 alloys and M0 copper, as well as N+ ions into the VT6 titanium alloy, the 03Kh17N12M2T stainless steel, and Armco iron, on the formation of the chemical composition and changes in the structural and phase state of the surface layers. It is shown that, under conditions of implantation of ions of chemically active elements, the accumulation of the implanted impurity, the formation of chemical compounds, and their precipitation in the form of phase inclusions are determined by the chemical activity of the implanted element to the alloy components. The results obtained will allow the further development of scientific foundations for the formation of the chemical and structural-phase state in materials under nonequilibrium conditions of ion implantation.

The article analyzes the development and evolution of the structural and geodynamic systems of the sedimentary complex in the Caspian region, and the results of structural and tectonic modeling of individual tectonic zones in the region.Based on the modeling results, an important feature of the morphology and structure of the basement surface and sedimentary complex in the Caspian Sea is the tracked sea extension of many elements detected on land.The main features of the morphology and structure of the basement surface and sedimentary complex in the Caspian region are the presence of superdeep depressions of the earth's crust, with the basement depth up to 16 km or more in the North Caspian and up to 20-24 km in the South Caspian, as well as the distinct longitudinal (sublatitudinal) tectonic zonality of the region.Constructed as a result of the implemented reconstructions, the gener alized geological and tectonic model of the uneven-aged basement surface comprises the sea and continental parts of the region under study.

This maintenance release includes an updated version of the snapclust documentation pointing to the correct reference for citation. It also removes an invalid URL from the README

An automated chronometric system is developed for assessing the difficulty of machining operations in manufacturing. The system facilitates and improves labor organization and standardization in the machine-tool shop.

This publication discusses the problem of compliance evaluation for electronic services (ES). The relevance of this publication caused certain problems in the ES organization, formation of international confidence in the ES provided, as well as a wide range of approaches to ensure IT-security. It is noted that along with well-known standards set by the various national regulators, well-known term for the purpose of forming an objective and independent evidence of the ES credibility can provide international standards ISO 27001 series. Methodical basis of the ISO 27001 series operates with an objective and independent assessment of the many IT-security metrics for the quantitative estimation of the IT-security level for ES. The obtained results can find application in the provision of international confidence for ES services through objective and independent IT-security evaluation.

The application of Integrated Management Systems (IMS) is now attracting the attention of TOP management of a variety of organizations: refineries, machinery, instrument-making, aviation, defense, etc. However, now the major problem is still the performance of IMS audits as full implementation of complex checks from different ISO standards with a substantial limitation or reduction of available resources. At the same time, the continuous improvement of management principles and in particular — the transition to risk-based thinking provide a greater interest in the rational use of ISO standards. In this issue cover a technique of optimization IMS audits program, based on principles of continuous adaptation when entering data in a single micro-cycle audit. An additional advantage of proposed technique is the use of numerical IT-security metrics of audit, contributing to continuous improvement of the IT-security level of organizations.