Kamdhenu University

Food Bridge is a technology-enabled social platform created to reduce food wastage and combat hunger by connecting surplus food providers with individuals and organizations in need. The system allows restaurants, hotels, hostels, catering services, event organizers, and households to easily post details about excess edible food through a mobile or web application. Nearby NGOs, shelters, orphanages, old-age homes, community kitchens, and verified volunteers receive real-time, location-based notifications, enabling quick collection and timely distribution before the food spoils. By streamlining communication with instant alerts, smart matching, and basic verification features, Food Bridge ensures efficiency, transparency, and food safety throughout the redistribution process. The platform replaces unorganized manual methods with a structured digital workflow, making food sharing reliable and scalable. In addition to addressing immediate hunger, Food Bridge promotes environmental sustainability by minimizing food waste, reducing landfill usage, and lowering carbon emissions. It also encourages social responsibility and community participation by raising awareness about responsible consumption and surplus food management. Designed to be adaptable and scalable, Food Bridge can be implemented across institutions, cities, and regions, supporting long-term goals such as zero hunger and responsible consumption.

Mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, and sleep disorders are increasing rapidly due to modern lifestyle, academic pressure, and work-related stress. Early identification a continuous monitoring of mental health conditions are essential to prevent severe psychological issues. However, traditional mental health assessment methods are mostly manual, time-consuming, and depend on physical consultations, which limits regular monitoring and early detection. This project proposes a Mental Health Monitoring Dashboard with Predictive Analytics, a web-based system designed to monitor, analyze, and predict mental health risks effectively. The system collects user-reported data such as mood, stress levels, and sleep patterns through a user-friendly interface. The collected data is processed and analyzed using data analytics and predictive techniques to identify potential mental health risks at an early stage. The backend of the system is developed using Python and Flask, while the frontend is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. An interactive dashboard visually presents insights, trends, and risk levels, making the results easy to understand for users. This system helps users to become aware of their mental health status and supports preventive care through early alerts and data-driven insights. Overall, the proposed system provides an efficient, accessible, and scalable solution for continuous mental health monitoring and early risk prediction.

This research explores how modern biotechnologies, such as genetic modification and molecular breeding, improve productivity, quality, and sustainability in dairy farming in response to increasing global demand, environmental challenges, and constrained natural resources. Utilising secondary qualitative data from academic literature, industry reports, and policy documents, the study employs thematic analysis to pinpoint major trends, advantages, and difficulties linked to incorporating biotechnology into dairy production systems. The results show that contemporary biotechnologies greatly enhance animal health and productivity via sophisticated genetic selection and molecular breeding methods, leading to enhanced disease resistance, better reproductive outcomes, and higher milk production, which lessens dependence on medical treatments and promotes economic viability along with environmental sustainability. Moreover, biotechnological advancements like fermentation and bio-processing improve the nutritional content, longevity, and functional characteristics of dairy items, facilitating the creation of value-added products enriched with probiotics, vitamins, and bioactive substances to satisfy the rising consumer demand for healthier food choices. Regardless of these benefits, broad implementation is still limited by elevated startup costs, infrastructure challenges, supply variability, and a lack of technical skills and digital literacy, especially among small producers. The research thus advises that decision-makers and industry participants offer financial incentives, technical assistance, and specialized training initiatives to enhance digital skills and promote the sustainable incorporation of advanced biotechnologies in the dairy industry.

Kefir is a probiotic-rich beverage that is fermented with beneficial microorganisms that live together in symbiotic association within kefir. The most established health benefits of kefir include gut and digestive health, owing to its rich probiotic diversity, which enhances intestinal balance and lactose digestion. Kefir consumption is associated with certain health enhancing outcomes, including anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. Strong outputs were obtained via antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, supported by extensive experimental evidence. Emerging studies suggest anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotectiveepotentials, although further clinical validation is required. Using the Scopus database, 202 documents published between 2013 and 2022 were identified and submitted for bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. Regarding recent applications, 107 documents on kefir published between 2021 and June 2023 were identified. This systematic review provides updated insights into the evaluation of kefir, including its nutritional and microbiological compositions. It also highlights the biological activities of kefir microbiota and emphasizes the significance of kefiran as a functional component.

Ultrasonography has emerged as a transformative tool in buffalo reproduction, offering non-invasive, real-time insights into the anatomical and physiological aspects of the reproductive tract. In addition to its routine application for preg nancy diagnosis, ultrasonography is crucial for monitoring fetal development, diagnosing fetal anomalies, and identify ing conceptus loss. This helps in timely interventions by diagnosing non-pregnant animals or those having pregnancy issues, which can significantly improve reproductive outcomes. The ability of ultrasonography to enhance our under standing of follicular dynamics in buffaloes has significantly improved fertility management practices. By closely moni toring follicle development and ovulation timing, veterinary professionals can optimize breeding schedules and improve the success rates of artificial insemination. The combination of high-resolution B-mode imaging and Doppler modal ities aids in predicting fertility outcomes in various obstetrical conditions such as uterine torsion. Clinicians can make informed decisions regarding treatment options and prognosis by assessing blood flow to the reproductive organs and evaluating the uterine health. This review emphasises the routine application of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis and the identification of reproductive disorders, while also exploring its advanced use in obstetrics, assisted reproductive technology, and male reproduction. As this technology continues to evolve, it promises to play an increasingly vital role in advancing buffalo reproduction.

A 65-day comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three culture systems Biofloc (T1), Bio phyton (T2), and Aquamimicry (T3) alongside a control (T4) on growth performance, water quality parameters, proximate composition, and microbial dynamics of Catla catla fingerlings (initial weight: 0.69 ± 0.02 g). Millet was used as a carbon source in all treatments, whereas no carbon source was added in the control. Among all treatments, Biofloc technology (T1) exhibited superior performance across most evaluated parameters. Fish reared under T1 showed significantly higher body weight gain (39.49 ± 4.35%), specific growth rate (2.30 ± 0.01), feed efficiency ratio (0.88 ± 0.07), protein efficiency ratio (2.20 ± 0.17), lipid efficiency ratio (14.67 ± 1.18), and survival rate (90.21 ± 1.77), along with a lower feed conversion ratio (1.15 ± 0.09), compared to other treatments. Water quality parameters in T1 remained within optimal ranges throughout the experimental period, reflecting efficient nutrient recycling and enhanced microbial activity. Microbial analysis through total plate count (TPC) revealed significantly higher microbial abundance in both water and fish gut samples under Biofloc (T1), followed by Bio phyton (T2), Aquamimicry (T3), and the control (T4). In water samples, T1 (3.5107CFU/ml) and T2(3.2107 CFU/ml) recorded the highest TPC values, while similar trends were observed in fish gut samples, with T1 exhibiting the maximum microbial load. The elevated microbial populations in biofloc systems likely contributed to improved nutrient assimilation, health status, and growth performance of fish by promoting beneficial heterotrophic microbial communities. the findings demonstrate that millet-based biofloc technology effectively enhances microbial abundance, water quality, and growth performance of C. catla, suggesting its suitability as a sustainable and productive aquaculture strategy.

Cryopreservation has been a revolutionary tool of assisted reproductive techniques to preserve valuable germplasm. The study was performed to measure the cleavage rate and the effect of cryopreservation techniques (slow freezing and vitrification) on in vitro produced buffalo embryos. Cumulus oocytes complexes were recovered by manual aspiration method. In vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF), and culture (IVC) were performed using commercially available Vitrogen (Brazil) media in benchtop incubator having 5% O2, 5% CO2, and optimum N2 with 90% humidity. Total 29 sessions were performed during November 2022 to June 2023 and 655 (23 ± 1.21 ovaries/session) ovaries were processed. Total 2515 follicles were observed including 1387 (55.15; 48.0 ± 1.81; 55.15%) small, 982 (34.0 ± 1.27; 39.05%) medium and 146 (5.0 ± 2.25; 5.8%) large follicles. Total 1679 COCs were recovered from 2515 follicles with recovery rate of 66.75%. Total 1640 COCs were used for IVM, IVF and IVC. After 72 h of the IVC 63.1 % (1015/1640) cleavage rate were observed and on day six after IVC 20 % (295/1640) blastocyst rate were observed. Blastocysts of grade I & II were randomly assigned either fresh, vitrified and slow freezing group. The re-expansion rate in frozen-thaw and vitrified-devitrified group blastocysts were observed at different time intervals. The total re-expansion rate of frozen-thawed BLs was 91.46%, which was significantly lower than 96% of vitrified-devitrified BLs. Further to study the hatching rate fresh (control) group was included and hatching were observed at 2, 12, and 24 hrs. Apoptosis rate were assessed using the TUNEL assay. TUNEL assay revealed a significant apoptosis in frozen-thaw blastocysts compared to vitrified-devitrified group (13.73 ± 0.67 vs 8.99 ± 0.71). Hence, vitrification is more competent method for cryopreservation of in vitro produced transferable buffalo embryos.

Women play a vital yet often overlooked role in food technology, which includes food processing, value addition, quality control, and entrepreneurship. Despite their contributions, numerous socio-cultural, institutional, and structural barriers limit their participation in technology adoption and innovation. Gender-responsive extension approaches provide a way to tackle these barriers by tailoring advisory services, training, ICT tools, and institutional support to meet the specific needs of women. This review compiles current literature on participatory extension models, gender-sensitive capacity building, ICT-enabled advisory systems, institutional mainstreaming, and policy-related initiatives that enhance women’s involvement in food technology. A conceptual framework illustrates the path from gender-based barriers to greater participation and broader social and economic impacts. Tables summarizing extension methods, gendered barriers, and their corresponding solutions offer an analytical overview of the evidence. The review concludes that integrating gender-responsive strategies into food technology extension systems not only improves women’s technical skills, business capabilities, and decision-making power but also fosters inclusive food systems, better livelihoods, and sustainable development outcomes. Future research should focus on intersectional strategies, scalable digital tools, and systematic monitoring to further boost women’s empowerment in food technology.

Aims: Evaluating antimullerian hormone level in mares with different reproductive status and its association with progesterone. Place and Duration of Study: College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar and Dr. V. M. Jhala Veterinary Clinical Complex, Deesa, between November- 2022 to July-2023. Methodology: Total 40 mares were selected having different reproductive status including season, age and follicle size. Total of 40 serum samples were utilized for progesterone assay and antimullerian hormone using ELISA kit (Genetix Biotech Asia Pvt. LTD.). Total of 40 serum samples were utilized for AMH using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay kit (Cloud-Clone Corp., USA). Results: The level of AMH & P4 (ng/ml) in pregnancy, estrus, diestrus and transition differed highly significantly (P < 0.01) between groups. The level of AMH & P4 (ng/ml) in pregnancy vs cyclic mare was differed highly significantly (P<0.01). No any age effect was found within these hormonal levels. AMH level was found significantly (P<0.01) higher with the increasing size of follicles. No any seasonal effect was found on both the hormonal levels. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this was the pioneer study, evaluated both the hormones are different reproductive status along with their correlation. As there are very meagre studies carried out, further investigations are required to evaluate both these hormones along with their fertility status.

Aims: To compare antimicrobial resistance patterns between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) isolates in hospitals participating in the Gujarat State surveillance network. Study Design: Retrospective analytical surveillance study. Place and Duration of Study: Hospitals enrolled in the Gujarat State Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network, India, using semi-annual antibiogram data from July to December 2024. Methodology: Aggregate antibiogram data were obtained from the Gujarat State Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network. Three bacterial pathogens- Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were included. Resistance proportions for clinically relevant antibiotics were compared between intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit inpatient isolates. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the association between intensive care unit admission and antimicrobial resistance. Interpretation of findings is limited by the use of aggregated surveillance data without patient-level variables, isolate de-duplication or inter-hospital standardization adjustment. Results: A total of 837 isolates were analyzed, including 300 intensive care unit and 537 non-intensive care unit isolates. Escherichia coli from intensive care units showed higher carbapenem resistance (41.0% vs 27.9%; OR = 1.79; P = 0.026). Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited significantly greater resistance in ICU to piperacillin-tazobactam (69.0% vs 52.0%; OR = 2.06; P = 0.006) and carbapenems (imipenem: 48.0% vs 23.5%, OR = 3.01; P < 0.001). Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was higher in ICU isolates (48.0% vs 34.6%; OR = 1.74; P = 0.029). Conclusion: ICU isolates demonstrated significantly higher resistance to key antibiotics compared with non-ICU isolates, highlighting intensive care units as focal points for antimicrobial resistance and priority targets for stewardship and infection control interventions.