Karamay Central Hospital

Drought and soil nutrient deficiency are critical constraints on plant growth and ecological restoration in desert steppes; however, the interactive mechanisms between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus fertilization remain poorly elucidated. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing root system architecture (RSA) remodeling and regrowth capability in Agropyron under drought stress, a controlled experiment was conducted using two genotypes: Inner Mongolia (NM) and Xinjiang (XJ). The experimental design comprised three water regimes (70%, 50%, and 30% field capacity [FC]), two P levels (P0, P1), and two inoculation treatments (A0, A1). The results indicated the following: (1) Although drought significantly inhibited Agropyron growth, the combined application of AMF and P (A1P1) induced a highly significant synergistic effect, augmenting total aboveground biomass by 66.08–160.58% compared to the control. This synergy exhibited distinct “environmental dependency,” being most pronounced under moderate drought conditions (50% FC). (2) Mechanistic analysis revealed that A1P1 optimized RSA by significantly increasing total root length, root surface area, and root volume (e.g., total root length increased by 281.4–375.1% under severe stress), thereby enhancing water and nutrient acquisition. (3) The A1P1 treatment significantly mitigated the decline in regrowth potential induced by successive clipping, sustaining a higher tiller number (increasing by up to 1.8-fold in the 3rd clipping). (4) The XJ genotype was characterized by higher basal biomass and root investment “high-yield phenotype”, whereas the NM genotype demonstrated greater sensitivity to AMF-P regulation “highly responsive phenotype”. In conclusion, the synergistic interaction between AMF and P mitigates drought stress by reshaping RSA and enhancing regrowth capability, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient management of arid grasslands.

Saline-alkali soil has the potential for agricultural productivity, electrokinetic treatment can be used as a development method. In order to explore and verify the complex changes of saline-alkali soil properties under electrokinetic treatment, the study adopted soil agrochemical analysis and a pot experiment. Firstly, the changes in soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) under different voltage intensities (8, 16, 24, 32V) and treatment durations (6, 12, 18, 24h) was investigated. Based on the improvement effects and the movement pattern of the alkaline migration zone, the condition of 32V for 24h was selected for further experimentation. Subsequently, the redistribution of soil physicochemical properties after this treatment was evaluated. Furthermore, the feasibility of cultivating Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) in the treated soil was verified through a pot experiment. Following treatment, the pH in the anode area decreased from 9.10 to 7.24, and the electrical conductivity (EC) reduced from 4.39 to 3.13dS/m, which makes original moderately saline-alkali soil meets the standard of slightly saline soil in expanded anode area. Significant removal of harmful salt ions was achieved, with reduction rates from 13.83 to 83.45% for Na+ and from 14.14 to 74.74% for Cl-. Sulfate (SO42-) was also removed in localized areas. Conversely, the concentrations of base cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) increased in specific zones. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) locally increased by 14.27% to 66.38%, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) increased by 16.29% to 84.52% and available phosphorus (AP) locally increased by 8.82% to116.46% after electrokinetic treatment. The soil texture in most areas was improved. In the pot experiment, the 7th day germination rate of Chinese cabbage increased to 45% near the treated soil's anode, compared with untreated group (CK, 0%). However, the treatment also led to the formation and migration of a highly alkaline zone, soil compaction, and sandification, which require management through agronomic measures. The results indicate promise for improving certain soil properties and agricultural potential, while also revealing several problems that need to be solved.

Background In high-income countries, early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services provide treatment for first episode psychosis (FEP) as early as possible, proving to effectively improve health outcomes. These services rarely exist in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The TRANSLATE programme aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EIP services in terms of implementation outcomes in two LMIC countries, and to develop a clinical tool to predict the risk of Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) in patients with FEP. Methods This is an observational implementation research study, conducted across five sites in Pakistan and one in Sri Lanka, with recruitment of 670 FEP patients. The key clinical such as status of functioning, quality of life, psychopathology, family burden, stigma and physical health, will be assessed at baseline and periodically over 1 year period. A descriptive analysis of baseline data and service utilisation data will be conducted, stratified by site. For implementation outcomes, the probabilities of disengagement and remission will be modelled using logistic regression models adjusting for duration of untreated psychosis, baseline symptom severity, and geographical location. For secondary implementation outcomes, selected key clinical outcomes and a process evaluation will be conducted. To develop a clinical model prediction model for TRS, a penalised multivariable logistic regression model will be fitted to estimate the one-year risk of TRS following an FEP diagnosis, incorporating up to 15 predictor variables identified within the study cohort. Model performance will be assessed using calibration plots and the C-statistics for discrimination. Internal validation will be carried out by bootstrapping, and the optimism-adjusted calibration slope will be used as a global shrinkage factor to account for overfitting, with the model intercept re-estimated to ensure calibration-in-the-large. Discussion This will be the first large study that will implement and evaluate the EIP service in a LMIC country setting. The findings of this study and the process evaluation will inform the adoption and scaling-up of EIP services in routine clinical practice. The clinical prediction model for the early detection of TRS will help initiate effective treatments for TRS at the earliest possible stage and potentially reduce the significant burden of disease associated with TRS.

In this study, graphdiyne (GDY) was grown in situ on sulfide surfaces derived from polyoxometalate (POM) to construct sp-C–S–M heterointerfaces between metal sulfides (Fe3S4 and MoS2) and GDY, thereby enabling highly efficient bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Experimental results reveal that the heterointerface configuration enhances the synergistic interaction between the POM-derived sulfides and GDY, promoting rapid charge transfer and increasing the number of active sites, which collectively boost the intrinsic catalytic activity. At a current density of 10 mA cm–2, the catalyst demonstrates low overpotentials of 132 mV for the HER and 218 mV for the OER and exhibits excellent catalytic activity. This work systematically clarifies the critical roles of electronic interaction and interfacial architecture between POM-derived components and GDY in enhancing HER and OER activities, offering an effective strategy for the design and construction of high-performance electrocatalysts.