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Considering the importance of Birger Hjørland for InformationScience (IS), mainly in Knowledge Organization (KO) and related topics, this study aimed to analyze the self-citation behavior of Birger Hjørland, one of the main researchers in Domain Analysis (DA). The research universe was composed of the researcher's documents that were indexed in the Scopus database;89 articles were retrieved. To help with the choice and filtering of materials, the Law of Elitism was used, so 10 documents with 1,036 bibliographical references and 1,986 citations were analyzed. As a result, it was noted that there is a presence of synchronic and diachronic self-citation in all analyzed articles, however, most of the self-citations are in accordance with acceptable standards, not configuring an egocentric behavior by the author. In short, there are still countless questions to be explored in Hjørland's research, especially for researchers who work in the field of bibliometric studies of information.

Background: Low-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but the balance of benefit and harm is still unclear. Subjects and methods: The GLORIA (Glucocorticoid LOw-dose in RheumatoId Arthritis) pragmatic double-blind randomised trial compared 2 years of prednisolone, 5 mg/day, to placebo in patients aged 65+ with active RA. We allowed all cotreatments except long-term open label GC and minimised exclusion criteria, tailored to seniors. Benefit outcomes included disease activity (disease activity score; DAS28, coprimary) and joint damage (Sharp/van der Heijde, secondary). The other coprimary outcome was harm, expressed as the proportion of patients with ≥1 adverse event (AE) of special interest. Such events comprised serious events, GC-specific events and those causing study discontinuation. Longitudinal models analysed the data, with one-sided testing and 95% confidence limits (95% CL). Results: We randomised 451 patients with established RA and mean 2.1 comorbidities, age 72, disease duration 11 years and DAS28 4.5. 79% were on disease-modifying treatment, including 14% on biologics. 63% prednisolone versus 61% placebo patients completed the trial. Discontinuations were for AE (both, 14%), active disease (3 vs 4%) and for other (including covid pandemic-related disease) reasons (19 vs 21%); mean time in study was 19 months. Disease activity was 0.37 points lower on prednisolone (95% CL 0.23, p < 0.0001); joint damage progression was 1.7 points lower (95% CL 0.7, p = 0.003). 60% versus 49% of patients experienced the harm outcome, adjusted relative risk 1.24 (95% CL 1.04, p = 0.02), with the largest contrast in (mostly non-severe) infections. Other GC-specific events were rare. Conclusion: Add-on low-dose prednisolone has beneficial long-term effects in senior patients with established RA, with a trade-off of 24% increase in patients with mostly non-severe AE; this suggests a favourable balance of benefit and harm. Trial registration number: NCT02585258.

Abstract Mature carbonate reservoirs under waterflood in Kuwait suffer from relatively low oil recovery due to poor sweep efficiency, both areal and microscopic. An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot is in progress targeting the Sabriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir in pursuit of reserves growth and production sustainability. SAMA suffers from reservoir heterogeneities mainly associated with permeability contrast which may be improved with a conformance treatment to de-risk pre-mature breakthrough of water and chemical EOR agents in preparation for subsequent ASP injection and to improve reservoir contact by the injected fluids. Design of the gel conformance treatment was multi-faceted. Rapid breakthrough of tracers at the pilot producer from each of the individual injectors, less than 3 days, implied a direct connection from the injectors to the producer and poses significant risk to the success of the pilot. A dynamic model of the SAMA pilot was used to estimate in the potential injection of either a high viscous polymer solution (~200 cp) or a gel conformance treatment to improve contact efficiency, diverting injected fluid into oil saturated reservoir matrix. High viscosity polymer injection scenarios were simulated in the extracted subsector model and showed little to no effect on diverting fluids from the high permeability streak into the matrix. Gel conformance treatment, however, provides benefit to the SAMA pilot with important limitations. Gel treatment diverts injected fluid from the high permeability zone into lower permeability, higher oil saturated reservoir. After a gel treatment, the ASP increases the oil cut from 3% to 75% while increasing the cumulative oil recovery by more than 50 MSTB oil over ASP following a high viscosity polymer slug alone. Laboratory design of the gel conformance system for the SAMA ASP pilot involved blending of two polymer types (AN 125SH, an ATBS type polymer, and P320 VLM and P330, synthetic copolymers) and two crosslinkers (chromium acetate and X1050, an organic crosslinker). Bulk testing with the polymer-crosslinker combinations indicated that SAMA reservoir brine resulted in not gel system that would work in the SAMA reservoir, resulting in the recommendation of using 2% KCl in treated water for gel formulation. AN 125 SH with S1050 produce good gels but with short gelation times and AS 125 SH with chromium acetate developed low gels consistency in both waters. P330 and P320 VLM gave good gels with slow gelation times with X1050 crosslinker in 2% KCl. Corefloods with the P330-X 1050 showed good injectivity and ultimately a reduction of permeability of about 200-fold. A P330-X 1050 was recommended for numerical simulation studies. Numerical simulator was calibrated by matching bulk gel viscosity increases and coreflood permeability changes. Numerical simulation indicated two of the four injection wells (SA-0557 and SA-0559) injection profile will change compared to water. Overall injection rate was reduced by the conformance treatment and was the corresponding oil rate. Total oil production from the center pilot production well (SA-0560) decreased with gel treatment but ultimately increased to greater rates

Many primate species currently subsist in fragmented and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Different threats arise depending on the species' life history strategy, dietary requirements and habitat preference. Additionally, anthropogenic disturbance is far from uniform and may affect individual forest fragments in a single landscape in differing ways. We studied the effects of fragmentation on three species of diurnal primate, Cebus albifrons, Alouatta seniculus and Ateles hybridus, in Magdalena Valley, Colombia. We tested the assumption that generalist species are more resilient than specialist species to habitat degradation by examining the fragments' vegetation and spatial structure and how these affected primate presence and abundance patterns. We found C. albifrons, a generalist, to be the most abundant species in 9 of 10 forest fragments, regardless of the level of habitat disturbance. A. hybridus, a large-bodied primate with a specialist diet, was either absent or low in abundance in fragments that had experienced recent disturbances and was found only in higher-quality fragments, regardless of the fragment size. A. seniculus, a species considered to have a highly flexible diet and the ability to survive in degraded habitat, was found in intermediate abundances between those of Cebus spp. and Ateles spp., and was more frequently found in high-quality fragments.

Background: Allergic reactions in patients with seasonal or perennial rhinoconjunctivitis mediated by airborne allergens can be effectively assessed with the conjunctival provocation test (CPT). The CPT is a fast and easy diagnostic procedure that challenges the ocular mucosa with instillations of allergen solutions into the conjunctival region. This paper aimed to investigate the possible influence of repeated diagnostic CPT procedures on the patient's clinical presentation, i.e. to analyze desensitization effects caused by diagnostic solutions and to show the reproducibility of CPT results. Methods: Treatment progress in 120 placebo-treated patients from 2 immunotherapeutic dose-finding studies was estimated and documented, as based on the CPT which was applied at 4 visits with intervals of 4, 8 and 16 weeks. High-resolution digital photos collected as part of the CPT documentation were analyzed by an external observer and by digital analysis software to determine conjunctival redness, completely independent of the subjectivity of investigators and patients. Results: Two extremal scenarios of the redness changes were considered after provocation with 10,000 standard quality units/ml. A maximal decrease of about 3% (t test: p = 0.0002; U test: p = 0.001) and a minimal decrease of about 1% (t test: p = 0.254; U test: p = 0.431) were found. Conclusions: The observed decrease in conjunctival hyperemia can be explained by local desensitization or by placebo effect. Due to the setup of both studies considered, we could not ascertain how these factors influence the decrease in redness. In order to attribute the observed effects to local conjunctival desensitization with certainty, further pilot studies are needed.

cording to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0, respectively. Afatinib therapy has since continued for 7 months and the patient presently continues to have a good quality of life. We hereby report a patient who successfully underwent a second-line rechallenge with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib. Rechallenge of second-line TKI seems to be a promising option in the treatment of NSCLC patients. Recent reports demonstrate the effectiveness of afatinib against disease progression in patients with common histological types of non-small cell lung cancer who had previously shown clinical benefits from gefitinib and erlotinib [1–3]. However, there have been no reports of successful second-line TKI rechallenge in ADSQ patients after the failure of firstline TKIs. One explanation for the effectiveness of afatinib in in this case could be the ability of afatinib to overcome drug resistance development related to the T790M secondary mutation and the importance of HER2-HER4 [3]. However, we could not perform a rebiopsy to evaluate these secondary mutations, as the patient did not give consent for a bronchoscopy. Tumor heterogeneity in the development of drug resistance might also be a factor. Although the EGFR-mutated cancer cell clones may have been significantly suppressed by the first-generation TKI treatment, they survived treatment with gefitinib and later regrew. At this stage, there are at least 3 clones involved: gefitinib-sensitive EGFR-mutated clones, secondary gefitinib-resistant (e.g. T790M mutation) EGFR-mutated clones, and preexistent resistant clones. Interestingly, recent reports show the effectiveness of reexposure to gefitinib following chemotherapy [4], speculating that the response occurs according to a model of biological selection. When disease progression occurs during chemotherapy treatment following the initial gefitinib treatment, most progressing cancer cells are likely to be EGFR-mutated cancer cells due to the comparatively rapid proliferation rate of this cell population. However, we maintain the belief that afatinib rather than gefitinib rechallenge is the better course of treatment, because afatinib suppresses not only the gefitinib-sensitive EGFR-mutated

Eine Hypothese zur Entstehung des Bewusstseins wird eingeführt, nach der i) die Nervenendungen von jedem einzelnen Axon und ii) die Synapsen zwischen diesen Nervenendungen und den Dendriten des nächsten Neurons mithilfe der Rekursivität von In-vivo-Quanten-Doppelspalt-Transportvorgängen das Bewusstsein ermöglichen, so wie die Synapsen die Neuroplastizität des Gehirns und somit das Lernen mitbestimmen. Diese Rekursivität geschieht, indem die Gliazellen, insbesondere die Astrozyten, direkt in die neuronale Informationsübertragung eingreifen (ein Vorgang, der subjektiv im Sinne des sogenannten «versteckten Beobachters» erlebt wird) und damit dem unbewussten Da-Sein durch einen erhöhten Ausdruck der gliären (astrozytären) Rezeptoren Bewusst-Sein verleihen. Diese Hypothese ermöglicht eine Theoriebildung zu bestimmten anatomisch-biochemischen Gegebenheiten in Verbindung mit der Quantentheorie und der Bewusstseinswissenschaft: «Unbewusste Vorstellungen» («Bewusstsein an sich»), d.h. quantenphysikalische Strukturen mit Ursprung z.B. in den Gliazellen/Mikrotubuli/usw., die wir subjektiv als autonome Vorstellungen erleben, können die Dekohärenz der Quantenwellenfunktion Ψ des Gehirns genügend lange verhindern bzw. die Kohärenz genügend lange aufrechterhalten, um mental und physiologisch realisierbare Quantenrechnungen («Bewusstsein von») zu ermöglichen, die rekursiv selbstorganisierend in das sich selbst erlebende Phänomen «Bewusstsein» konvergieren. Demnach ist der aus der Hypnotherapie bekannte «versteckte Beobachter» letztendlich in den gliären (astrozytären) Rezeptoren versteckt, sodass die Selbstbeobachtung die Selbstheilung beeinflussen kann.

Kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling is critical for regulating the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in mammals. Previous studies have shown that the negative feedback mechanism is disrupted in global Gpr54-null mutants. The present investigation aimed to determine (1) if a lack of cyclical estrogen exposure of the GnRH neuronal network in the life-long hypogonadotropic Gpr54-null mice contributed to their failed negative feedback mechanism and (2) the cellular location of disrupted kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were determined in individual adult female mice when intact, following ovariectomy (OVX) and in response to an acute injection of 17β-estradiol (E2). Control mice exhibited a characteristic rise in LH after OVX that was suppressed by acute E2. Global Gpr54-null mice failed to exhibit any post-OVX increase in LH or response to E2. Adult female global Gpr54-null mice given a cyclical regimen of estradiol for three cycles prior to OVX also failed to exhibit any post-OVX increase in LH or response to E2. To address whether Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron itself was necessary for the failed response to OVX in global Gpr54-null animals, adult female mice with a GnRH neuron-selective deletion of Gpr54 were examined. These mice also failed to exhibit any post-OVX increase in LH or response to E2. These experiments demonstrate defective negative feedback in global Gpr54-null mice that cannot be attributed to a lack of prior exposure of the GnRH neuronal network to cyclical estradiol. The absence of negative feedback in GnRH neuron-selective Gpr54-null mice demonstrates the necessity of direct kisspeptin signaling at the GnRH neuron for this mechanism to occur.