Karnataka State Open University

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and hyperandrogenism. Lifestyle modification, particularly dietary management and weight reduction, is considered the first-line therapy for overweight women with PCOS. The present prospective interventional study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary management on weight reduction, metabolic parameters, menstrual cyclicity, and quality of life among overweight women with PCOS. The study was conducted over a period of 16 weeks among 25 overweight women aged 18–35 years diagnosed with PCOS. The dietary intervention was implemented in two phases: an initial 8-week meal replacement–based energy-restricted diet (1500 ± 150 kcal/day) for weight loss, followed by an 8-week weight maintenance phase involving either moderate carbohydrate restriction or moderate fat restriction, with emphasis on a low glycemic index diet. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, menstrual cycle, dietary intake, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, and mid-upper arm circumference over the study period (p < 0.001). Mean insulin levels showed a progressive decline, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Menstrual cycle regularity improved, with a reduction in average cycle length from 37 days at baseline to 28 days at 16 weeks. The findings highlight that modest weight loss achieved through structured dietary intervention and physical activity significantly improves metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects a significant population and remains as one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Individuals with ulcerative colitis are at a higher risk of developing various other diseases including colon cancer. Several efforts are underway in the discovery of new small molecules for the treatment of ulcerative colitis due to adverse effects and the limited efficacy of existing therapeutic agents. In the present study, the effect of sinapine (SC) and sinapic acid (SA) (bioactive compounds found in plants of the family Brassicaceae) was examined on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- induced colitis in mice models. The onset of ulcerative colitis was evidenced by the reduction in the colon length, rectal bleeding, loose stool, elevated myeloperoxidase activity in colon tissue extracts, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase activity in the serum of colitis mice. The per os administration of SA and SC demonstrated a significant reduction of disease activity index as witnessed by the restoration of colon length, reduced rectal bleeding, and consistent stool. Furthermore, SA and SC were found to decrease the myeloperoxidase activity in the colon tissue extracts. Also, there was a significant reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), ROS, and catalase activity in the serum of colitis mice. The histochemical analysis demonstrated that SA and SC restored the architecture of the crypt and mucosa, which otherwise displayed hyperplasia with necrosis and submucosal inflammation in the colitis mice. The bioactivity of SA and SC was comparable with sulfasalazine and etacept. In conclusion, SA and SC were demonstrated as potent anti-inflammatory

Environmental contamination, particularly water pollution, poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health worldwide. Nanotechnology offers transformative solutions, with nanoparticles emerging as powerful tools for environmental remediation due to their unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, tunable reactivity, and catalytic capabilities. This paper explores the application of nanoparticles in water purification, focusing on mechanisms like adsorption, catalytic degradation, and disinfection, which enable the efficient removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens. It also examines the use of nanoparticles in controlling soil and air pollution, highlighting their ability to immobilize contaminants and degrade airborne toxins. Despite their significant advantages, the potential environmental and health risks associated with nanoparticle deployment, including toxicity and bioaccumulation, necessitate careful evaluation. Strategies for safer design, controlled application, and sustainable management of nanoparticles are discussed, emphasizing eco-friendly synthesis and life cycle assessment approaches. Future directions point toward smart, responsive nanomaterials and integrated technologies for more sustainable pollution control. Balancing innovation with environmental protection is critical to realizing the full potential of nanoparticles in addressing pressing ecological challenges. This paper underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure that nanotechnology contributes effectively and safely to a cleaner, healthier environment.

Through computational modelling, we have gained valuable insights into the homologous series of liquid crystalline materials. Our study involved comparing the computational results with reported experimental values for several members of the series. We focused on various parameters, including lattice energy, orientational order parameter, moduli, stress-strain behaviour, Helmholtz free energy, orientational distribution function, zero-point energy, and molecular polarisabilities. The primary motivation behind this study was to unravel the intricate inter- and intra-molecular interactions that govern the range and nature of mesophases observed in these compounds. We are excited to report that our results align with this objective, highlighting the significance of our findings in this direction. Knowledge of these compounds finds applications in sensitive nucleic acid detection, label-free protein analysis, and the development of biocompatible sensors for real-time cellular monitoring.

Microsoft Fabric is an end-to-end data analytical platform designed for achieve a Unified solutions in a Business Intelligence and Enterprises. It incorporates data movements, processing, ingestion, transformation, real-time event routing, and report building. It provide services like Data Engineering, Data Factory, Data Science, Real-Time Analytics, Data Warehouse, and Databases. This paper examines Microsoft Fabric and its features especially about a One Lake. Microsoft Fabric applied in a real-time analytics, data storage, advanced machine learning capabilities, and robust security protocols. Collection of files, folders and tables which represent the database is a data house . A Data lake is a cloud-based big data analytics service. Which allows storing, processing, and analyzing large amounts of structured and unstructured data. It integrates with other Azure services to provide a full data analysis solution[1].

This study investigates the intricate inter- and intra-molecular interactions that govern the range and nature of mesophases observed in homologous series of liquid crystalline materials. Using computational modelling, we compared the results with reported experimental values for several members of the series. Our analysis focused on various parameters, including lattice energy, orientational order parameter, moduli, stress-strain behaviour, Helmholtz free energy, orientational distribution function, zero-point energy, and molecular polarizabilities. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the computational results and experimental data, providing valuable insights into the mesophases of these compounds. This alignment underscores the significance of our approach in understanding the fundamental behaviors of liquid crystalline materials.