Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V.Dokuchajev

The study aimed to determine the impact of different farming practices (organic and intensive) on the dynamics of potential biological activity of typical chernozem (mollisol). Comparative-profile-genetic, microbiological and mathematical-statistical methods were used for the research. The data obtained during the study of soil biological activity for 2018–2020 were analyzed. The highest popu-lation density of Collembola was observed in the variant of fallow soil in the layer of 10–20 cm (111 indiv. dm3 –1) with the lowest amount of Oribatida (32 indiv. dm3 –1). Under conditions of agrogenic use of soils, the predominance of Oribatida over Collembola was recorded. When using green manure in a soil layer of 0–10 cm, the number of Oribatida is 125 indiv. dm3 –1, while Collembola – 50 indiv. dm3 –1. Agrogenic use of chernozems reduces the number of microscopic fungi. The intensive farming system is the reason for the decrease in the number of all ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the 0–10 cm layer while increasing their number in the layer of 20–30 cm. Variants of the organic system of agriculture, especially with the use of green manure, contribute to the increase in the number of actinomycetes and amylolytic microbiota, as well as a short-term sharp increase in the number of oligonitrophilic microbiota. Agricultural use of soils reduces the activity of enzymes such as invertase, protease, dehydrogenase and cellulase. However, the activity of urease and catalase – increases in the soils of the organic system of agriculture. Discriminant analysis of biological activity identified three groups of soils, corresponding to different farming systems. This confirms the possibility of using the studied indicators for soil biodiagnostics.

Abstract. This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.

The article is devoted to the study of changes in geodesy, land management, State land cadastre and urban planning. It is proved that changes in certain areas are related to changes in the main directions of land reform in Ukraine, namely the formation of territorial communities and the introduction of a full and open land market. The process of formation of communal property in Ukraine and formation of territorial communities are investigated. At the same time, a special type of documentation appears – a comprehensive plan of spatial development of territorial communities, which is both land management documentation and urban planning documentation at the local level and includes topographic and geodetic data. To determine the boundaries of the territory of the community, a new type of land management documentation was introduced – a land management project to establish the boundaries of the territory of the territorial community. It is established that the number and area of territorial communities are different and can differ dozens of times. It is determined that the issue of creating geospatial data infrastructure is becoming more and more developed in Ukraine, because it combines data from the State Geodetic Network, information from the State Land and Urban Cadastre, which provides additional amplification and data entry, development of documentation using its current data. The issue of land market regulation is considered. Its subjects and features of acquisition of the property right to land plots of agricultural purpose are defined. The maximum size of the total area of agricultural land plots is presented – no more than ten thousand hectares, but until January 1, 2024 for the citizens of Ukraine this value should not exceed 100 hectares. The tendency of changes in establishing the sale price of the land plot, namely in carrying out the normative monetary assessment is determined. It is proposed to create a single assessment procedure for all land plots, regardless of their purpose, but taking into account the boundaries of the territorial community. The average cost of agricultural land by regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that it is uneven and can differ by 2-2.5 times. It is established that the introduction of real-time electronic auctions for the purchase and sale of agricultural land of all forms of ownership allows to achieve openness and transparency of the land market, as well as attracting a wider range of potential buyers.

Gender issues presented in the context of Managing Sustainable Development Programs. They are visible at the level of a specially defined goal, as well as in separate gender-sensitive components provided by the task structure of all Sustainable Development Goals. The results of gender-oriented program management discussed in the case of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of national programs to ensure equal rights and opportunities in terms of “Funding Program” and “Tasks Program”. The conceptual structural model is proposed in which the gender context is included to all stages of managing: formulation of the mission, strategic initiatives, measures (project actions), expected results, values (final results).

The need for augmented sunflower production requires finding new meth­ods and improving existing cultivation technologies to increase performance and resistance to stresses. The low performance of breeding and seed production lines is among obstacles to the rapid introduction of new and modern sunflower hybrids into production. The study purpose was to evaluate the individual responses of self-pollinating sunflower lines intended for breeding and seed production and of F1 hybrids, which were developed by crossing these lines, to plant growth regulators. It was found that the CMS-based lines had better yield elements and oil content in response to growth regulators compared to the lines based on normal cytoplasm. The plant growth regulators increased the heterosis effect in the experimental hybrids. The best response was observed in the threeline hybrid Skh808A/Kh1002B × Kh785V for all the studied parameters. The growth regulators strengthened a correlation between the 1000-seed weight and yield (r = 0.51–0.97). The oil content in seeds of F1 hybrids depended on the genotype and could be comparable both with the parent with a low content of oil and with the high-oil parent. Variations in the oil content in seeds depended on the type of growth regulator and soil/climatic conditions during the seed filling.

The strategy of agricultural enterprises is transformed under the influence of external requirements. Limited opportunities for agricultural enterprises to adapt to harsh economic and environmental conditions, especially in developing countries, determine strategic opportunities and decisions. The purpose of an article was to study the features of the strategy and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural enterprises to identify their effectiveness in order to support the development of activities. The methodology is based on the theory of strategic decision-making and the concept of sustainable agriculture to identify the effectiveness of strategies and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural firms in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. The results show a low level of strategic orientation of rural enterprises. State support does little effort to stimulate differentiation and niche specialization of agricultural producers, as evidenced by the constant dynamics of agricultural production. Investing in physical assets is the most effective tool to support the agricultural sector. Cooperation and collaboration among enterprises is not widespread and single-owner farming is the most common organizational form in the agricultural sector. Producers' pricing policies remain stable and depend on market conditions: product prices fluctuated slightly. The practical value of the results lies in taking into account the identified effective ways of state support for agricultural producers in promoting the strategy of differentiation of agricultural products.

As a global initiative within the framework of the United Nations Environment Programme framework, the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity emphasises the importance of applying a systematic approach to the assessment of Natural Resources and the need to introduce new forms of economic growth to the sustainable development of enterprises. Existing management practices of agricultural enterprises, such as monoculture, create a constant monotonous load on the soil and lead to a decrease in humus content, contribute to erosion, but remain highly profitable. Changing the forms of economic growth in favour of introducing sustainable practices such as organic production, sustainable intensification, and eco-production requires appropriate sources of financing, a high level of environmental awareness, and comprehensive methods for assessing environmental and economic factors. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the ecological and economic diversification of an enterprise based on the principles of sustainable development, which allows taking into account the level of diversity of cultivated crops in relation to the structure of marketable products. To achieve this goal, statistical information on the activities of agricultural enterprises in the Kharkivska Oblast was used, as well as monographic, graphical and statistical methods of research. Data analysis and processing were performed using specialised software: Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10. The study presents the developed and tested coefficient of ecological and economic diversification, which allows assessing the level of agrobiodiversity of sown areas and marketable products of agricultural enterprises based on the management results for 2019. The coefficient is based on information theory in the context of applying the Shannon-Weaver index. As a result of the search for the relationship between the coefficient of ecological and economic diversification and profit per 1 hectare, the statement about the gradual loss of profitability during the growth of the number of types of crops is confirmed. However, there are enterprises that maintain profitability during the expansion of the acreage structure. The practical significance of the findings obtained is allows assessing the possibility of adapting the structure of acreage to market conditions, taking into account environmental and economic factors

The study reported here aimed to explore the preservation of table beet depending on its treatment with bio preparations before storage in order to prolong its shelf life. The effect of aqueous solutions of the biopreparations Phytosporine and Gamair in concentrations of 0.2 %, 0.3 %, and 0.5 % on the intensity of quality loss by beetroots during storage was investigated. It was found that the treatment with the bio preparations reduced the total weight loss by the roots Zepo F1 by 7.9‒10.3 %, Carillon F1 ‒ by 6.8‒7.7 %. The daily weight loss by untreated beetroots due to the damage induced by microorganisms ranged from 0.08±0.01 % at a storage temperature of 1±1 °С to 0.1±0.01 % at a storage temperature of 15±1 °С, respectively. The sugar content in beetroots non-treated with bio preparations decreases during storage by 21.6–25.0 %. Treating beetroots with a 0.3 % solution of Phytosporine reduces sugar losses over 150 days at a storage temperature of 1±1 °С by 3.7–6.5 %; with a 0.3 % Gamair solution ‒ by 8.8–12.8 %. The loss of vitamin C ranged from 39.4 % to 41.2 % relative to the initial content in the control. The treatment with Phytosporine reduced the loss of vitamin C to 17.4 % in Zepo F1, and 25.4 % ‒ in Carillon F1; with Gamair ‒ to 28.0 and 29.3 %, respectively. At a storage temperature of 15±1 °С, the content of vitamin C decreased by 1.5‒1.8 times over 90 days. It was established that the preservation of table beet depends on the shape of a root. At a storage temperature of 1±1 °С, the weight loss by cylindrical beetroots is 5.1 %, rounded shape ‒ 5.4 %. The yield of marketable products ranges from 74.2 to 82.9 % for the Carillon F1 hybrid, and for Zepo F1 of a round shape ‒ 73.3–80.5 % depending on the storage temperature. The technique of treating table beet before storage with bio preparations allows using Phytosporine and Gamair for post-harvest treatment of vegetable raw materials. When devising new, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and affordable technologies, this is an important tool.

The aim of the study is to analyze the theoretical and applied aspects of the development of integration processes in agro-industrial production. The essence of integrated formations of horizontal and vertical types as directions of capital consolidation in the agro-industrial sector is revealed. A retrospective analysis of the development of integration processes in agricultural production is presented, focusing on the dominant trends in terms of aspects of “concentration – deconcentration”. The directions of diversification of activity of agroholdings in Ukraine are investigated. The effectiveness of the strategy of consolidation and consolidation of agricultural production based on increasing the length of the domestic value chain by implementing the strategy of forming vertically integrated structures is proved. The positive effect of the latter is realized in the elimination of price disparities between the spheres of bringing agricultural products to the final consumer; harmonization of the movement of material flow within the logistics processes – from providing production with objects and means of labor to optimizing sales channels of finished products as a result of the inclusion of relevant components in the structure of the production process. The negative (economic, ecological, social) consequences of overconcentration of production in the agro-industrial sphere are highlighted. The economic results of agricultural holdings are considered in terms of legal components – a strategic decision to register agricultural holdings in offshore areas leads to a significant reduction in tax revenues, reducing the state’s ability to pursue public interests. The ecological consequences of the integration associations are due to the dominance of commercially attractive products in the product structure of agricultural holdings, which results in reduced areas of the most valuable soils, reduced fertility of the entire soil, significant reduction of soil functions, reduced biodiversity. The social effect of the concentration of production in the agro-industrial sector has a negative color due to the impact on employment and the deepening of infrastructural problems in rural areas. The directions of corrective actions on the part of the state concerning harmonization of structural parameters of achievement of effective use of resource potential of agro-industrial sphere are offered. Keywords: agro–industrial production, integration, concentration, vertically integrated structures, value chain, agroholdings.

Effective control of the quality and safety of livestock products is possible only with the implementation of a scientifically grounded complex of veterinary and sanitary and general economic measures. The goal of our work was to develop effective ways to sanitize clothing and footwear of workers in the livestock industry. The studies were carried out following the current methodological approaches that are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Based on the results of the research carried out, two methods and one device have been developed to ensure a high level of veterinary and sanitary measures in animal husbandry. It has been proven that for the sanitization of clothing of workers in the animal husbandry industry, it is effective to use a disinfectant, which includes the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (0.09–0.36%), adipic acid (0.01–0.04%), sodium bicarbonate (0.01–0.04%), sodium carbonate (0.003–0.01%), water (99.887–99.55%) when exposed for 30 minutes. For disinfection of workers' footwear, it is advisable to use disinfectants filled with a disinfectant that contains dichlorantin (0.021–0.21%), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (0.0164–0.164%), a dispersant (0.012–0.12%), anionic surfactants (0.005–0.05%), corrosion inhibitor (0.01–0.1%), filler (0.0356–0.356%) and water (99.9–99.0%). An innovative device for cleaning and disinfection is proposed - a shoe disinfector, which consists of a waterproof box with a bottom wider than the top, filled with a disinfectant solution, a branch pipe for removing waste solution, a brush shaft, which is fixed in the upper part of the waterproof box, an electric motor with a rotational speed 2 rev/s., Which serves as a drive shaft brush, control panel with a start button and a stop button. The proposed developments complement the existing regulations on veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock farms and complexes.