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This study aims to explore the duality between the archetypes of Eve and Lilith, revealing how the repression of Lilith reflects the repression of femininity and the impact of this phenomenon on contemporary culture. The overall objective is to analyze the influence of the archetypes of Eve and Lilith in the cultural and social construction of femininity, exploring how these archetypes have shaped norms and expectations regarding women throughout history. The methodology of this study is a literature review, focusing on the critical analysis of mythological and cultural narratives related to Lilith and Eve. Ancient texts, religious traditions, and contemporary academic interpretations were examined to provide insight into the influence of these archetypes on the construction of female identity and historical oppression. The study concludes that the narrative of Lilith contrasts with the role of Eve, the idealized woman in submission, representing the tension between rebellion and acceptance, reinforcing patriarchal norms that have shaped the oppression of women.

Em uma entrevista de 1977, Michel Foucault argumenta que é necessário criar uma filosofia política desvinculada do conceito de soberania, já que “cortar a cabeça do rei” é impossível na teoria política. Democracias ocidentais ainda estão conectadas a esse modelo político e jurídico. Não há soberania sem um soberano. Surge, assim, a necessidade de desconstruir a soberania na filosofia contemporânea. Catherine Malabou afirma que filósofos como Foucault, Derrida e Agamben fracassaram nesse objetivo, pois ao tentar definir o que resiste à soberania, acabam permitindo sua continuidade. Malabou volta-se justamente na biopolítica, conceito introduzido por Foucault e reformulado por Agamben e Derrida, caracterizado como um poder centrado no controle da vida. Para desconstruir a biopolítica, é necessário um ponto de intersecção entre biologia e história, no qual se encontrem o sujeito político e ser vivo. No entanto, para Foucault, Agamben e Derrida, a biologia está sempre ligada à soberania, apresentada como ciência que transgride seus limites para controlar a vida. O argumento de Malabou aponta para o fato de que qualquer resistência biológica ao biopoder é impossível, pois a determinação biológica da vida deve ser transgredida. Ela propõe a existência de dois conceitos de vida: a vida biológica e a vida simbólica, com a última revelando o potencial de resistência. Para a autora, novas categorias biológicas, como a epigenética, podem ajudar a encontrar um novo materialismo. A epigenética, segundo ela, resiste à redução política da biologia a mero veículo de poder, revelando a intrincada relação entre o biológico e o simbólico, sem transgressão do biológico. A plasticidade dialética da diferença, em vez da indiferença simbólica, seria a forma mais eficiente de desconstruir a soberania, destacando o alcance revolucionário dos mecanismos biológicos, especialmente a epigênese.

To calculate tsunami forces on coastal structures it is of great importance to determine the shape of the tsunami front reaching the coast. Based on literature reviews, analytical reasoning, video footage, and numerical modelling it is concluded that both the continental shelf slope and the bay geometry have a significant influence on the transformation of a tsunami wave near the coastline. After conducting 1D and 2DH wave simulations, a distinction is made between three types of tsunami waves; a non-breaking front (surging), a breaking front and an undular bore breaking front. Tsunami waves transform into these three wave types over a steep continental shelf, an intermediate sloped continental shelf, and a gentle sloped continental shelf, respectively. A new tsunami surf-similarity parameter is proposed to quantitatively predict the type of wave at the coastline, which was validated based on observations during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami.

The present study examined associations between psychopathic traits and deviant sexual interests across gender in a large community sample (N = 429, 24% men). Correlation analyses supported the positive link between psychopathic traits and deviant sexual interests. Regression analyses indicated that the unique variance in the antisocial facet of psychopathy predicted all six deviant sexual interests. The interpersonal facet predicted voyeuristic and exhibitionistic interests, whereas the affective facet predicted pedophilic interests. Moderation analyses revealed that gender moderated most of the relations between the antisocial facet of psychopathy and deviant sexual interests, such that those positive associations were stronger among women. On the contrary, the associations between the interpersonal facet and voyeuristic interests, as well as between the lifestyle facet and sadistic interests, were stronger among men. Findings appear to suggest that deviant sexual interests represent a domain in which the manifestation of psychopathic traits may differ across gender. These findings emphasize the relevance of psychopathic traits for the understanding and risk assessment of sexual deviance, while suggesting the need for gender-sensitive considerations.

To gain insight into the behavior of a group of personality-disordered patients and a group of chronically psychotic patients during their stay in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital, data on these patients were collected biannually for seven years. Three aspects of the patients’ behavior were examined: the prediction of institutional behavior shortly after admission, changes in the patients’ behavior on the ward during their stay in hospital, and the prediction of these changes. In the personality-disordered patients, observed irritation/anger and aggressive behavior on the ward turned out to be positively related to psychopathy, the PCL-R lifestyle and antisocial facets, and the neuroticism domain. A positive relationship was also found between aggressive behavior on the ward and trait anger. In the chronically psychotic patients, a positive relationship was found between irritation/anger and the PCL-R interpersonal and lifestyle facet. During a stay of three years, the aggressive behavior of both patient subgroups, which was already low at the start, did not decrease further, but their prosocial behavior increased. In the personality-disordered patients, relatively high scores on the antisocial facet of the PCL-R indicated an increase in prosocial behavior, whereas in the chronically psychotic patients no relationship was found between any PCL-R facet and behavior change. Effect studies on treatment programs for forensic psychiatric inpatients have to contend with the problem of a low base rate of institutional aggression. Therefore, we advise that such studies focus not only on a decrease in negative behaviors but also on an increase in positive behaviors.

Several research groups have shown that people with schizophrenia who offend do not form a homogenous group. A three-group model claimed by Hodgins proposes distinguishing between people who start offending before the onset of psychosis (early starters), after psychosis onset but at age 34 years or under (late starters) and after psychosis onset but at age 35 years or older (late first offenders). This study aimed to test the hypotheses (1) that the personality of early starters and non-psychotic offenders would be similar, but different from either late-starter group; (2) that the late-starter groups would be more likely to have positive psychotic symptoms than non-criminal patients with schizophrenia; and (3) that symptom types would differentiate the psychotic groups. A retrospective file study was conducted on cases of 97 early starters, 100 late starters and 26 late first offenders all drawn from the Netherlands Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (NIFP) archives 1993-2008, 115 non-psychotic offenders from 2005-2008 NIFP archives and 129 patients with schizophrenia and no criminal history from one general service in Rotterdam. Early starters closely resembled the non-psychotic offenders in their premorbid anti-social personality characteristics. The two late-onset offending psychosis groups were more likely to have persecutory and/or grandiose delusions than non-offenders with psychosis, but so were the early starters. In a first study to compare subgroups of offenders with psychosis directly with non-psychotic offenders and non-offenders with psychosis, we found such additional support for a distinction between early and late starters with psychosis that different treatment strategies would seem indicated, focusing on personality and substance misuse for the former but psychotic symptoms for all. It remains to be seen whether the higher rate of alcohol misuse amongst late first offenders is a fundamental distinction or a function of age difference.

Summary There has hardly been any examination of the personal social networks of personality disordered forensic psychiatric patients leading up to, and at the time of their offence. To shed light on this question, 36 male inpatients were interviewed by forensic social workers about their social contacts in the period in which they committed their crime. Network size, roles, social support, investment, structure and potential risks were investigated. Findings At the time of their offence, patients were in contact with a variety of social network members, especially family members, who also happened to be the most likely victims of the patients’ offences. Patients received social support; almost half of the social supporters had potential risk factors (criminal record, psychiatric problems, drug use, etc.). Applications This study shows the complexity of the social factors involved with criminal behavior. Theoretically, good network conditions do not necessarily imply a low risk for each individual case. Forensic social workers should frequently check if there are significant changes in the patient's network, such as access to victims, instability of relationships, a lack of personal support and the influence of high-risk network members.

The Anger Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (ABSQ) is a newly developed self-report instrument for measuring bodily sensations related to anger in interpersonal situations. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in a sample of 70 offenders and a sample of 100 secondary vocational students. Results indicated that the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the instrument were good. An explorative factor analysis carried out on the ABSQ data of the combined sample yielded three factors. Support was found for the concurrent validity of the instrument. In both samples, the total score of the ABSQ showed positive correlations with measures of bodily awareness, social anxiety, anger, and aggression. Altogether, results suggest that the ABSQ appears to be a reliable and valid questionnaire. Further research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in larger offender and non-clinical samples.

BackgroundAlthough crime victimisation is as prevalent in psychiatric patients as crime perpetration (and possibly more so), few European figures for it are available. We therefore assessed its one-year prevalence and incident rates in Dutch severely mentally ill outpatients, and compared the results with victimisation rates in the general population.MethodThis multisite epidemiological survey included a random sample of 956 adult severely mentally ill outpatients. Data on victimisation were obtained using the victimisation scale of the Dutch Crime and Victimisation Survey, which assesses crime victimisation over the preceding 12 months. Comparison data were derived from the nationwide survey on safety and victimisation in the Netherlands. Prevalence and incident rates were weighted for sex, age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, and compared with a general population sample matched by region (N = 38,227).ResultsIn the past year, almost half of the severely mentally ill outpatients (47%) had been victim of a crime. After control for demographic differences, prevalence rates of overall and specific victimisation measures were significantly higher in severely mentally ill outpatients than in the general population. The relative rates were especially high for personal crimes such as violent threats (RR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.72–2.61), physical assaults (RR = 4.85, 95% CI: 3.69–6.39) and sexual harassment and assaults (RR = 3.94, 95% CI: 3.05–5.09). In concordance, severely mentally ill outpatients reported almost 14 times more personal crime incidents than persons from the general population (IRR = 13.68, 95% CI: 12.85–14.56).ConclusionCrime victimisation is a serious problem in Dutch severely mentally ill outpatients. Mental-healthcare institutions and clinicians should become aware of their patients’ victimisation risk, and should implement structural measures to detect and prevent (re-)victimisation.

A group of 136 violent inpatients detained under hospital order and a group of 100 violent detainees with a prison sentence of at least four years were compared as regards individual criminogenic factors such as personality traits and problem behaviours. The inpatients appeared to score higher than detainees on antisocial lifestyle, neuroticism, and disposition to anger. No significant differences were found on other measures. Inpatients were all classified as having an antisocial personality disorder, but there were indications that this was also the case for a considerable percentage of the detainees. It seems advisable that the psychiatric and psychological criteria used in the decision to detain an offender under hospital order should be specified further.