Koguryeo College

Pests and diseases can cause severe damage to citrus fruits. Farmers used to rely on experienced experts to recognize them, which is a time consuming and costly process. With the popularity of image sensors and the development of computer vision technology, using convolutional neural network (CNN) models to identify pests and diseases has become a recent trend in the field of agriculture. However, many researchers refer to pre-trained models of ImageNet to execute different recognition tasks without considering their own dataset scale, resulting in a waste of computational resources. In this paper, a simple but effective CNN model was developed based on our image dataset. The proposed network was designed from the aspect of parameter efficiency. To achieve this goal, the complexity of cross-channel operation was increased and the frequency of feature reuse was adapted to network depth. Experiment results showed that Weakly DenseNet-16 got the highest classification accuracy with fewer parameters. Because this network is lightweight, it can be used in mobile devices.

Ovarian cancer incidence continues to increase at an alarming rate. Although various therapeutic approaches exist for ovarian cancer, they have limitations, including undesired side effects. Therefore, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated therapy may be a viable, biocompatible, and suitable alternative. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive analysis has been undertaken on the cytotoxicity and cellular pathways involved in ovarian cancer cells, particularly SKOV3 cells. Here, we investigated the effect of palladium NPs (PdNPs) and the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways involved in ovarian cancer. We assayed cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis and performed an RNA-Seq analysis. The results showed that PdNPs elicited concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability and proliferation and induced increasing cytotoxicity at increasing concentrations, as determined by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, our study revealed that PdNPs induce mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing adenosine triphosphate levels, inducing DNA damage, and activating caspase 3, all of which significantly induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells following PdNPs treatment. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis of PdNPs-exposed SKOV3 cells showed various dysregulated pathways, particularly nucleosome assembly, telomere organization, and rDNA chromatin silencing. When genes downregulated by PdNPs were applied to GO term enrichment analysis, nucleosome assembly was the top-ranked biological pathway. We also provide evidence for an association between PdNPs exposure and multiple layers of epigenetic transcriptional control and establish a molecular basis for NP-mediated apoptosis. These findings provide a foundation, potential targets, and novel insights into the mechanism underlying toxicity and pathways in SKOV3 cells, and open new avenues to identify novel targets for ovarian cancer treatment.

ëª©ì  본 연구는 ìžì‹ ì˜ 아름다움을 표현하는 방법 중 하나인 헤어 염색에 대한 ë ¼ë¬¸ì´ë‹¤. 모발 손상을 줄일 수 있는 천연 ì—¼ëª¨ì œ 성분을 ê°œë°œí•˜ê³ ìž 하였다. 방법 천염 ì—¼ëª¨ì œ 성분으로는 ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆ 분말색소를 이용하여 건강모, 탈색모(11ë ˆë²¨)에 도포하였다. 또한 탈색모 7, 9, 11ë ˆë²¨ì˜ 모발 시료에 ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆ 분말색소를 도포한 후 방치 시간을 10 min, 20 min으로 다르게 가온 후 모발을 세척하였다. ì¸¡ì •ë°©ë²•ìœ¼ë¡œ ì—¼ìƒ‰ë ¥ì„ 알기 위해 시료별로 L*, a*, b*값과, C*값과, ë¬¼ë¹ ì§ 값을 비교 ë¶„ì„í•˜ì˜€ê³ ëª¨ì§ˆì˜ 변화를 알기 위해 인장강도를 ì¸¡ì •í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤. ê²°ê³¼ ì¸¡ì • 결과는 L*, a*, b*값과 C*값은 가온처리 10 min보다 20 min일때 증가하였다. K/S값은 10 min보다 20 min일 때 증가하였다. ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆë¡œ 도포한 시료의 인장강도는 탈색모 보다 ì¦ê°€í•˜ì˜€ê³ ë¬¼ë¹ ì§ì€ 5일째 ì¸¡ì • 시 색소의 ë¬¼ë¹ ì§ì´ 없었다. L*, a*, b*값과, C*값의 증가는 ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆê°€ 모발에 염색이 되었다는 것을 ì˜ë¯¸í•˜ê³ ì¸ìž¥ê°•ë„ 증가는 ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆ 염색에 의해 모질이 ê°œì„ ë˜ì—ˆë‹¤ëŠ” 것을 의미한다. ê²°ë¡ ê²°ë¡ ìœ¼ë¡œ ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆê°€ 천연염색의 원료로서 사용이 ê°€ëŠ¥í•˜ê³ , 모질의 ê°œì„ ì—ë„ 효과 가 있다. 핵심용어: ë°±ë ¨ì´ˆ, 모발, ì—¼ìƒ‰ë ¥, 변화, 모표피

목적: 본 연구는 천연 적색 파프리카 색소가 모발염색 원료로 사용 가능한지를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 방법: 파프리카 색소를 모발 시료에 레벨 별로 도포한 후, 염색력을 알아보기 위해 L*a*b*값과 염착력을 측정하였다. 모발의 성질 변화를 알아보기 위해 인장강 도와 큐티클 촬영을 하였다. 결과: 첫째, L*값, a*값, b*값은 열처리 10 min, 20 min일 때 모발시료의 레벨이 증가할수록 증가하였 다. 열처리 10 min과 열처리 20 min 모발시료는 9 레벨까지 큰 차이로 dE 값이 증가하였으나 11 레벨에서는 감소한 것으로 나타났 다. K/S 값은 열처리 10 min, 20 min 모발시료를 건강모와 비교한 결과, 시료의 레벨이 높을수록 소폭 증가하였다. 열처리 10 min 보다는 열처리 20 min일 때 전체적으로 염색력이 우수하였다. 둘째, 인장강도 측정결과, 건강모와 비교하면 시료의 레벨이 높을수 록 인장강도는 감소하였다. 셋째, 모표피 촬영 결과, 건강모보다는 레벨이 높은 모발의 모표피가 박리가 많이 되었다. 결론: 천연 염색의 원료로 파프리카 색소가 충분히 사용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 차후 염색력을 높이기 위한 전처리, 후처리 연구를 심도 있게 하여 염색력을 더욱 높이는데 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다

In order to establish the succession and development of usage culture of Echinops setifer rice cake, the survey on 282 Women (60 years old or over living in 21 cities and counties in Jeonam province) was investigated. The results showed that all respondents did not know the standard name of Echinops setifer. One hundred and twenty four repondents (54.0%) knew the regional name of Echinops setifer and regional name was called differently by region. Less than 6.8% of respondents answered that most recent eating time of Echinops setifer was since 1980. 58 respondents (20.6%) had experience making Echinops setifer rice cake. Less than 6.9% of respondents made Echinops setifer rice cake latest since 1990. The taste and stickiness of Echinops setifer rice cake were evaluated as ‘delicious (4.56)’ and ‘above sticky (4.63)’ according to criterion level 5.0. These results suggest that the standard name of Echinops setifer is spread widely and usage culture of Echinops setifer is needed to be developed. Key words: bunchu, bundae, edible taste, sticy taste, traditional rice cake

The present study investigated the plant growth characteristics, dormancy breaking, yield, and biological activity properties (contents of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, nitrite scavenging activity, and the survival rate of lung cancer) of four asparagus cultivars. It aimed to examine selection possibilities for high efficacy cultivar to promote biological activity in asparagus cultivation in South Korea. The results showed that the number of asparagus buds and root fresh and dry weight of 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' were higher than those of 'UC157' cultivar, and there were no differences in the number of roots. The dormancy breaking period of 'Jersey Supreme' was prolonged compared to the other cultivars. 'Jersey Giant' and 'NJ953' had more total spears, and greater spear diameter, and yield than other cultivars. Total flavonoid content was unaffected by cultivar and was higher in ethanol extraction than in hot water extraction. Total phenolic compound content was the lowest in 'NJ953' for both hot water and ethanol extracts, whereas in the ethanol extraction, 'UC157' had the highest, with 39.23 mg·L -1 . 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' all showed greater than 70% nitrite scavenging activity. In the case of ethanol extraction, the survival rates of lung cancer in extracts from 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'UC157' were lower than 'NJ 953' cultivar, regardless of extraction concentration. The survival rate of lung cancer was lower in hot water extraction than in ethanol extraction, so that the consumption of asparagus is also expected to be helpful in preventing lung cancer. The growth characteristics and biological activity effects of edible asparagus that were identified in the present study are expected to be useful in selection of high efficacy cultivars for biological activity and utilization.

This study surveyed 266 housewives residing in a Gyeonggi-provincial area for their dietary attitudes, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, and application of nutrition information to daily life according to whether they use nutrition labeling. The survey on the dietary attitudes of the subjects showed that the points of "think that nutrition affects health", "quite interested in nutrition and health information", "like developing and trying new diverse recipes", and "persistently try new foods" were higher among those who check out nutrition labeling (Check group, n=112) than those who do not check out nutrition labeling (No check group, n=154). Reason for snacking, the Check group reported higher in the reasons of "for taking nutrients" but lower in the reasons of "do not eat enough meal" and "impulsively" than the No check group (p<0.01). Asked about why they check the nutrition labeling, the Check group answered "to compare products with each other" and "to purchase healthy food" whereas the No check group said "to decide whether the food is safe or not" and "to reduce body weight" (p<0.01). The Check group showed more recognition on the significance of the nutrition labeling and application to their actual daily lives than the No check group. Therefore, our results suggest that proper use of nutrition labeling is expected to improve dietary attitudes and dietary habits as well as enhance the application of nutrition information to actual daily life and promote health not only for the housewives but also for their family members as well.

269 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2013 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Word Processing of Children with Poor Reading Comprehension during an On-line Verbal Analogy Task

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of patients with vitrified-thawed embryos transferred using either the 0.25 mL straw method and the pull and cut straw (PNC) method. To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with transferred embryos that underwent assisted hatching at the cleaved embryo (day 3) or the blastocyst (day 5) stage.MethodsThe study population consisted of women who underwent vitrified-warmed embryo transfer between May 2000 and December 2011 and assisted hatching was performed after warming of embryos. Cycles of thawing between assisted hatching treated and non treated groups were compared for survival and pregnancy rates.ResultsThe PNC vitrification method improved survival and pregnancy rates in partial lysed embryos. While assisted hatching did not affect the developmental and clinical pregnancy rates of the vitrified-warmed blastocyst group, it did increase the pregnancy rate of poor quality vitrified-warmed cleaved embryos.ConclusionThese results suggest that PNC may increase the number of clinical pregnancies via the vitrification of both cleaved embryos and blastocysts. In addition, selective assisted hatching treatment of embryos that show a poor prognosis after warming may increase the rate of clinical pregnancy.