Koh Young Technology (South Korea)

In this paper, a method that utilizes the reinforcement learning (RL) technique is proposed to establish an optimal operation plan to obtain maximum power output from a trigen generator. Trigen is a type of combined heat and power system (CHP) that provides chilling, heating, and power generation, and the turbo expander generator (TEG) is a generator that uses the decompression energy of gas to generate electricity. If the two are combined to form a power source, a power generation system with higher efficiency can be created. However, it is very difficult to control the heat and power generation amount of TEG and trigen according to the flow rate of natural gas that changes every moment. Accordingly, a method is proposed to utilize the RL technique to determine the operation process to attain an even higher efficiency. When the TEG and trigen are configured using the RL technique, the power output can be maximized, and the power output variability can be reduced to obtain high-quality power. When using the RL technique, it was confirmed that the overall efficiency was improved by an additional 3%.

This study investigates the hyaloid vascular regression and its relationship to the retinal and choroidal vascular developments using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Normal and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) rat eyes at postnatal day 15, 18, 21, and 24 were longitudinally imaged using OCTA. At each day, two consecutive imaging for visualizing the hyaloid vasculature and the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were conducted. The hyaloid vessel volume and the retinal and choroidal vessel densities were measured. The hyaloid vessel volumes gradually decreased during the regression, although the OIR eyes exhibited large vessel volumes at all time points. A spatial relationship between persistent hyaloid vasculature and retardation of underlying retinal vascular development was observed in the OIR eyes. Furthermore, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was administered intravitreally to additional OIR eyes to observe its effect on the vascular regression and development. The VEGF injection to OIR eyes showed reduced persistent hyaloid vessels in the injected eyes as well as in the non-injected fellow eyes. This study presents longitudinal imaging of intraocular vasculatures in the developing eye and shows the utility of OCTA that can be widely used in studies of vascular development and regression and preclinical evaluation of new anti-angiogenic drugs.

This study addresses the dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem (DRCFJSP) with a multilevel product structure. The DRCFJSP is a strong NP-hard problem, and an efficient algorithm is essential for DRCFJSP. In this study, we propose an algorithm for the DRCFJSP with a multilevel product structure to minimize the lateness, makespan, and deviation of the workload with preemptive priorities. To efficiently solve the problem within a limited time, the search space is limited based on the possible start and end time, and focus is placed on the intensification rather than diversification, which can help the algorithm spend more time to find an optimal solution in a reasonable solution space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of a genetic algorithm and a hybrid genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the strategy limiting the search space is effective for large and complex problems.

ABSTRACT With a shortage of highly-skilled employees for printed circuit board assembly, the electronics industry faces a severe challenge, which is being complicated with a high turnover rate as employees jump between companies or simply become misaligned with the organization. While leading industry organizations like IPC and SMTA are tackling the issue head-on with education and training programs, a need exists for equipment suppliers to cooperate with other industry leaders and organizations to adopt Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication standards. Initiatives like the IPC Connected Factory Exchange (CFX) and the IPC-Hermes-9852 standard underpin the efforts within the industry, and many companies are working together to develop standards to create seamless production. Guided in part by Industry 4.0, these M2M communication standards are quickly altering the manufacturing process by improving metrics like first pass yield and throughput by applying autonomous process adjustments. Far beyond an automatic line changeover, this bi-directional communication allows equipment to automatically adjust production parameters to increase board quality and lower costs by eliminating rework and scrap. Building on our expertise and testing, this presentation will explore Industry 4.0, and then explore how Advanced Process Control (APC) can increase production yields and reduce defects. Specifically, the presentation will discuss how APC improves process repeatability by automatically adjusting component placement to the paste, rather than to the pad location. Moreover, it will show how APC will identify a shift trend and implement further position correction by using true 3D measurement data from the Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) system. While a smart factory will help resolve the skilled employee challenge, it will also revolutionize process optimization.

ABSTRACTSpent coffee grounds (SCG), poultry manure, and agricultural waste-derived biochar were used to manufacture functional composts through microbial bioaugmentation. The highest yield of tomato stalk-based biochar (40.7%) was obtained at 450°C with a surface area of 2.35 m2 g−1. Four pilot-scale composting reactors were established to perform composting for 45 days. The ratios of NH4+–N/NO3−–N, which served as an indicator of compost maturity, indicate rapid, and successful composting via microbial bioaugmentation and biochar amendment. Moreover, germination indices for radish also increased by 14–34% through augmentation and biochar amendment. Microbial diversity was also enhanced in the augmented and biochar-amended composts by 7.1–8.9%, where two species of Sphingobacteriaceae were dominant (29–43%). The scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were enhanced by 14.1% and 8.6% in the fruits of pepper plants grown in the presence of the TR-2 (augmentation applied only) and TR-3 (both augmentation and biochar amendment applied) composts, respectively. Total phenolic content was also enhanced by 68% in the fruits of the crops grown in TR-3. Moreover, the other compost, TR-L (augmentation applied only), boosted DPPH scavenging activity by 111% in leeks compared with commercial organic fertilizer, while TR-3 increased the phenolic content by 44.8%. Composting facilitated by microbial augmentation and biochar amendment shortened the composting time and enhanced the quality of the functional compost. These results indicate that functional compost has great potential to compete with commercially available organic fertilizers and that the novel composting technology could significantly contribute to the eco-friendly recycling of organic wastes such as spent coffee grounds, poultry manure, and agricultural wastes.

Galvannealed(GA) steels are now generally used in car body manufacturing for corrosion resistance. In this study, the weldability and joint mechanical behavior of a newly developed 1.2GPa grade GA ultra high strength TRIP(transformation induced plasticity) steel was investigated for three joining processes, such as adhesive bonding, resistance spot welding and weldbonding. Under both shear and peel stress conditions, the failure mode of the adhesive joints were the mixture of the adhesive cohesive failure, adhesive interface failure and coating layer failure. It means that the adhesion strength of GA coating onto the base metal was similar to that of adhesive bonding onto the GA coating. Under the shear stress condition, the weldbonding exerted to expand the optimal spot welding condition of 1.2GPa GA TRIP steel because the strength of adhesive bond overwhelmed that of the resistance spot weld. Under the peel stress condition, the weldbonding also exerted to expand the optimal spot welding condition of 1.2GPa GA TRIP steel by inducing the tear fracture mode rather than the partial plug fracture mode. Key words: Weldbond, Adhesive hybrid joining, Ultra high strength steel(UHSS), Galvannealed(GA) TRIP steel, Car body manufacturing

Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins consist of multimodular domains including a relatively conserved N-terminal RBCC domain consisting of a RING finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, a zinc-bound B-box for protein–protein interaction, one or two coiledcoil domains for oligomerization, and a variable C-terminal domain. In some cases, however, TRIM proteins have a PRY-SPRY domain (PRY segment followed SPRY domain identified in a Dictyostelium discoidueum kinase splA and mammalian Ca-release channels ryanodine receptors) at their C-terminus, which has been identified as a targeting module.1,2 More than 70 members of this family have been identified and characterized, and show a very similar domain architecture; however, their cellular functions are extremely diverse, and include roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, oncogenesis, apoptosis, and retroviral replication.1,2 The E3 ligase activity of several TRIM proteins has been previously demonstrated, as they usually harbor a RING domain at the N-terminal region. Each TRIM protein interacts with distinct targets, which are critical in the aforementioned cellular processes.3–8 Therefore, relatively newly and incompletely characterized C-terminal domains, including the PRY-SPRY domain, are believed to be a central mediator for selective interaction with their partners. Well-studied members of the TRIM family include the following: TRIM1, TRIM5a, TRIM19, and TRIM22, which target retroviruses and prevent their replication inside cells3,6; TRIM18/MID1 and TRIM20/pyrin, which are linked to Opitz G/BBB syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever, respectively2,9; TRIM21/Ro52, which is a major autoantigen in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjorgen’s syndrome10,11; and TRIM63/Murf1, TRIM55/ Murf2, TRIM41, and TRIM32, which function in muscle cells.1,12 Recently, another TRIM family protein, TRIM72/MG53 has been shown to be expressed specifically in skeletal muscle and heart, and also been demonstrated to perform a critical function in membrane repair following acute muscle injury.13–15 Human TRIM72 consists of 477 amino acid residues with the standard domain organization of the TRIM family [Fig. 1(A)]. By way of contrast with the RBCC domain, which is predictive of its molecular function, very little is currently known regarding the PRY-SPRY domain, or how it has evolved to mediate diverse functions in each TRIM protein. Thus far, two structures of the SPRY domain have been determined in the complex state; however, their interac-