Korean Intellectual Property Office

This study examines the dynamic behavior of soil–pile–superstructure systems (SPSs) with different pile head connections (fixed versus hinge) using 1g shaking table tests supported by analytical evaluations. Two loading protocols — frequency sweep and steady sinusoidal excitation — were applied to assess resonant frequency, acceleration, displacement, and bending moments under dry and liquefiable sand conditions. Results show that resonant frequency varies systematically with soil state and pile head restraint, with greater sensitivity in liquefiable soils. Under saturation, hinge-head systems exhibited higher superstructure accelerations and larger displacements. This amplification resulted from reduced shaft confinement during liquefaction, which concentrated pile bending demand at the pile tip. The reduced lateral support from liquefied soil allowed unrestricted pile-head rotation, directly transmitting inertial loads to the pile-tip region. Although global displacements grew, inter-story drifts did not increase proportionally, indicating redistribution of deformation through foundation rocking. Overall, uncertainties in pile head fixity can amplify structural demands relative to fixed-head connections. These findings provide practical insight for performance-based dynamic design of pile-supported buildings, highlighting the importance of reliable head restraint for system safety, resilience, and sustainable construction.

Quantum authentication is a fundamental first step that ensures secure quantum communication. Although various quantum authentication methods have been proposed recently, their implementation efficiency is limited. This paper proposes a key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption (MMQSE) method using only a single qubit, unitary operation, minimized quantum transmissions, and a single qubit measurement, which improves implementation feasibility and operation efficiency. We applied it to representative quantum authentication applications, namely, quantum identity and message authentication. The security of our authentication schemes was verified by analyzing the relationship between the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity and probability of successful eavesdropping. Moreover, we demonstrate the higher authentication efficiency of the proposed scheme in a real quantum-channel noise environment. The upper bound of the valid noise rate was quantified using the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity in a noise environment. Finally, the optimal number of authentication sequences was estimated.

Here, we propose a quantum asymmetric key cryptography scheme using Grover’s quantum search algorithm. In the proposed scheme, Alice generates a pair of public and private keys, keeps the private keys safe, and only discloses public keys to the outside. Bob uses Alice's public key to send a secret message to Alice and Alice uses her private key to decrypt the secret message. Furthermore, we discuss the safety of quantum asymmetric key encryption techniques based on quantum mechanical properties.

The oldest Nabinae fossil, Cretanabis kerzhneri gen. et sp. nov., is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber based on a well-preserved specimen. The morphology of the nymph fossil is presented with diagnosis and description. The comparison with the nymphs of groups within Nabinae and the usefulness of nymphal morphology are discussed.

As the number of professional lawsuits increases, many discussions are being made on improving the appraisal system to assist a judge. In particular, the importance of expert evidence in a trial for intellectual property rights is more emphasized because of its unique characteristics. Although the relevance of expert evidence is emphasized in a criminal trial, active discussions on system improvement have yet to occur. Therefore, the problems of the expert evidence system by order of a judge in the expert evidence systems of the Criminal Procedure Act(Articles 169-179-2) and the ways to improve the problems are examined. To that purpose, solutions to challenges, such as the specification of an expert witness, the method of an expert witness examination, the method of a report on expert evidence, and the anonymity of an expert witness, were sought.

In cognitive radio networks where unlicensed secondary users opportunistically access to licensed spectrum unused by licensed primary users, spectrum sensing is one of the key issues in order to effectively use the frequency resource. For enhancing the sensing performance in energy detection-based spectrum sensing, spatial diversity based on multiple antennas is utilized. However, the sensing performance can be degraded when antennas are spatially correlated, resulting in inducing the harmful interference to primary users. To overcome this problem, in this paper, an advanced energy detector is proposed. In the proposed sensing method, a weight matrix based on the eigenvalues of the spatial channels without any prior information on the primary signals is defined and utilized. In numerical simulations, it is shown that the proposed detector outperforms the conventional detector with regard to false-alarm and detection probabilities when antenna are spatially correlated.

Song-Gang® bio-stone (SGS) is a microporous crystalline hydrated aluminosilicate which has found various applications because of their very unique physiochemical characteristics such as ion exchange and absorptive-desorptive properties. Significant progress has been made in recent years on applications of these inorganic adsorbents in different industries including agriculture, aquaculture, water and wastewater treatment. This review article intends to summarize the published reports on the applications of SGS in aquaculture industry. SGS application as a feed additive to enhance fish growth and promote their health and nutritional parameters is the most important discussed areas. According to the technical data that are discussed in this review, SGS should be considered as a material with tremendous potential for application in the aquaculture industry. Considerable amounts of research works are under way to explore other opportunities for application of SGS to benefit aquaculture industry.

ABSTRACT A genus Tuponia is first reported to Korean fauna with a new species, Tuponia koreana Kim et Jung sp. nov. Morphological information such as the description and the diagnosis is presented with the photographs and the illustrations. A key for identification of Tuponia species from Fareast Asia is also provided. The host association of this genus and the implication for study of Tamarix introduced to Korean fauna are discussed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:951A799D-3BF9-4BF3-8C54-B62DC81E6404

The new genus Megalofaciatus gen. nov. represented by two new species M. foliotibialis Taszakowski, Kim Herczek sp. nov. (the type species) and M. gibbosus sp. nov. Taszakowski, Kim Herczek (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae, Gigantometopini), is described from Brunei. Photographs of the adult males and genital structures, as well as detailed SEM micrographs, are presented. The first finding of the largely modified leg in Gigantometopini is also reported.

A new fossil isometopine species, Electromyiomma herczeki sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber. The morphological information of the fossil specimen and the key to the species of the extinct genus Electromyiomma are provided. The restatement of paratype female of E. weitschati is discussed with the support of previous remarks based on antenna structure.