Krankenhaus Brixen

Synthetic dataset generation in Computer Vision, particularly for industrial applications, is still underexplored. Industrial defect segmentation, for instance, requires highly accurate labels, yet acquiring such data is costly and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a novel diffusion-based pipeline for generating high-fidelity industrial datasets with minimal supervision. Our approach conditions the diffusion model on enriched bounding-box representations to produce precise segmentation masks, ensuring realistic and accurately localized defect synthesis. Compared to existing layout-conditioned generative methods, our approach improves defect consistency and spatial accuracy. We introduce two quantitative metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of our method and assess its impact on a downstream segmentation task trained on real and synthetic data. Our results demonstrate that diffusion-based synthesis can bridge the gap between artificial and real-world industrial data, fostering more reliable and cost-efficient segmentation models.

According to the WHO classification of tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the esophagus are esophageal "epithelial neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation, including well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs)-an umbrella category including mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC)" [...].

Modern personalised total knee arthroplasty (TKA) techniques aim to mimic natural knee kinematics by focusing on soft-tissue dynamics rather than static alignment. However, a consistent definition of the optimal ligamentous balance has not yet been established. This study had three aims: to assess intraoperative collateral ligament tension and the overall balance between the medial and lateral compartments; to evaluate postoperative gait analysis parameters and compare them with the healthy contralateral knee; and to determine whether the achieved intercompartmental balance affects the final coronal alignment of the knee. A prospective single-cohort study was conducted to evaluate 102 primary AR-assisted TKAs performed for end-stage unilateral knee osteoarthritis between September 2021 and June 2024. A total of 17 patients out of 102 were ultimately included following the application of the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intraoperative data were collected on MCL and LCL elongation patterns during passive ROM both before and after trial component placement. Additionally, the study examined differences in intercompartmental ligament balancing. Postoperative coronal alignment was radiographically evaluated using the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle. Functional outcomes were measured using 3D markerless gait analysis at least 9 months after surgery. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Pearson correlation were employed to examine trends in ligament asymmetry and their relationship with alignment. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) exhibited nearly isometric behaviour throughout the range of motion (0.3 ± 1.11 at 0°, -2.4 ± 2.71 at 20°, -2.3 ± 3.96 at 40°, -2.3 ± 4.16 at 60°, -1.5 ± 4.03 at 80°, -0.7 ± 4.52 at 100°, -0.2 ± 4.97 at 120° preoperatively; 2.2 ± 2.98 at 0°, 2.1 ± 3.40 at 20°, 1.4 ± 4.02 at 40°, 1.2 ± 4.41 at 60°, 0.8 ± 4.48 at 80°, 1.5 ± 4.42 at 100°, 1.6 ± 5.09 at 120° postoperatively). Conversely, the LCL showed progressive detensioning (0.0 ± 2.03 at 0°, -3.1 ± 2.07 at 20°, -3.9 ± 2.72 at 40°, -4.9 ± 3.34 at 60°, -6.6 ± 3.63 at 80°, -8.5 ± 4.13 at 100°, -9.6 ± 4.40 at 120° preoperatively; -2.1 ± 5.16 at 0°, -3.1 ± 4.03 at 20°, -4.7 ± 3.80 at 40°, -5.8 ± 3.19 at 60°, -7.0 ± 3.86 at 80°, -6.6 ± 4.55 at 100°, -7.0 ± 5.08 at 120° postoperatively), leading to asymmetric ligament balancing with the opening of the lateral compartment. This trapezoidal soft-tissue configuration persisted postoperatively. No significant differences were observed in gait parameters between the operated and contralateral limbs, all p-values being > 0.05. A notable negative correlation was seen between postoperative HKA and ligament asymmetry at early flexion angles (0°, 20°, 40°; r = -0.63, r = -0.67, r = -0.48, respectively), indicating that soft-tissue balancing affects coronal alignment. Focusing on dynamic soft-tissue boundaries rather than static alignment targets may preserve knee kinematics after TKA. Augmented reality-assisted balancing techniques provide real-time, personalised ligament management, which aligns with the patient's native kinematics and could be an encouraging direction in modern knee arthroplasty. More research is needed to confirm these findings across larger groups and different technologies. Level III.

ABSTRACT The lack of sustainable practices in key sectors of human societies is a global concern, posing threats for the whole planet. This paper provides the first review of ontologies for sustainability efforts, outlining their roles in assessing and advancing such efforts. Section 2 outlines three major challenges associated with sustainability: (1) the polysemy of the term; (2) the relationship between sustainability and sustainable development; and (3) the complexity underlying sustainability. Section 3 reviews the main accomplishments achieved by ontologies to meet these theoretical challenges. Special attention is devoted to ontologies belonging to the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO)‐Foundry community, due to the pivotal role these play in the field of applied ontology. A List of Sustainability Ontologies documents the assessed resources. Finally, Section 4 advances a potential trajectory to define an OBO Foundry‐compliant family of sustainability ontologies and introduces a Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO) for consistently structuring this family.

In a society whose needs are constantly changing, family planning plays a central role for women, men, and sustainable development. This comprehensive review and position statement summarises the proceedings of a meeting on contraception held in Rome in March 2024, supported by major scientific societies in the field. The aim is to inform the medical community about current medical and ethical issues of contraception use. First, the review addresses the complex ethical, religious, and social dimensions of contraceptive use and access; second, it provides a comprehensive analysis of traditional and modern contraceptive methods, discussing their safety and effectiveness; third, it examines current knowledge about male hormonal contraception. When prescribing a contraceptive method, medical indications or contraindications must be integrated to women’s religious beliefs, the geopolitical context in which they live, the risk of violence, their need for self-determination and their right to make decisions for themselves. If a partner is involved, the couple’s dynamics and shared needs must be considered. Healthcare providers are responsible for providing them with all the information they need to make informed choices, while ensuring individual autonomy. This position statement provides recommendations on how to guide contraceptive choice and identifies knowledge gaps about contraception today.

Abstract Over the past few years, CL diagrams have gained popularity in diagrammatic reasoning, drawing inspiration from Lange’s Cubus Logicus. The intuitive understanding of CL diagrams is based on simple structures that are straightforward both to draw and to comprehend. This structure supports embedding of information and inferencing. Furthermore, these diagrams are more than just heuristic tools; CL diagrams can actually be extended to full blown formal systems. The present paper shows that a formal system for CL diagrams can have an expressivity similar to standard Boolean algebra of propositions or propositional logic without losing their intuitive properties. It is also possible to combine this interpretation of CL with elements from the class calculus. The syntax and semantics are presented separately, and the system’s soundness and completeness are proven using a variant of bitstring semantics.

This project report presents an attitude, belief, and level of engagement related to politics in Bheemdatt Nagarpalika (B.D.N.P)-10, Sukasaal, from the young generation's point of view. For the past ten years, there has been increasing concern over the extent of political engagement among young people, as attitudes and beliefs about politics among them are crucial for the future of governance and civic engagement. The perceptions of the youth from the ongoing political situation will be ascertained, as the interest of the youth in political participation, and what influences their political views. This research design is a mixed-method approach incorporating surveys and interviews to collect information from a sample of young individuals within B.D.N.P-10, Sukasaal. The findings have revealed the complicated relationship of the youth with politics, a combination of engagement and indifference. While many young people are interested in politics, a lot of them are also turned off by the system as it is perceived to have a lot of ills, like corruption, lack of transparency, and many unkept promises. The report continues to discuss the role of social media in shaping the view of political life among the youths and the influence of education on the political awareness of youths. This study brings to the forefront a demand for more inclusive and youth-oriented political strategies to ensure more participation and belief in the system. The insights gained through research will, therefore, help policymakers and political leaders interact with the younger generation and their problems to provide a more active and participatory democratic process within B.D.N.P-10, Sukasaal.