Kujawy and Pomorze University in Bydgoszcz

Background: Radical mastectomy often results in upper extremity complications, including shoulder impairment, pain, reduced range of motion, lymphedema, and diminished muscle strength, which significantly impact quality of life. Key risk factors include extent of lymph node dissection, older age, and axillary radiation, exacerbating morbidity. Aim: This review synthesizes current literature on upper extremity complications post-radical mastectomy and evaluates the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies. Material and methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, PEDro, and Scopus identified English-language studies from the last decade on shoulder impairment in adult women post partial or total mastectomy for breast cancer. Results: Complications are highly prevalent, with rehabilitation interventions demonstrating efficacy in improving shoulder function, reducing pain and lymphedema. Challenges persist due to heterogeneous protocols and limited high-quality trials. Conclusions: Targeted rehabilitation interventions post-radical mastectomy significantly improve shoulder function, range of motion, muscle strength, and reduce pain and lymphedema incidence, thereby enhancing quality of life and functional independence (Marco et al., 2023; Xu et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2022). Despite these demonstrated benefits from early exercises and structured programs (Lazaraviciute & Chaturvedi, 2017; Naqvi, 2021), heterogeneous protocols, paucity of high-quality randomized trials, and variability due to risk factors like axillary dissection and radiation underscore the urgent need for standardized guidelines and further large-scale RCTs (Bruce et al., 2021).

Background: Over the past decade, electric scooters have become a common element of urban micromobility, offering a convenient and environmentally friendly alternative to short-distance car travel. However, the rapid growth in the number of users has not been supported by parallel infrastructure development or consistent legal regulations, leading to a growing number of injuries related to their use. These incidents place a growing burden on healthcare systems, particularly emergency departments and trauma surgery. Aim: The aim of the study was to review the current literature on epidemiology, accident mechanisms, types and locations of injuries, and strategies for preventing injuries related to the use of electric scooters, with particular emphasis on the pediatric population. Materials and methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies on e-scooter-related injuries were analyzed, including epidemiological data, injury mechanisms, risk factors, anatomical injuries, and preventive measures. Results: Available research indicates a rapid increase in the number of injuries associated with e-scooter use in various regions of the world. Young adults are the most injured group, but children and adolescents are at increased risk of serious injury. The predominant mechanism of injury is falls without the involvement of other road users. The most common injuries are head and facial injuries, as well as upper limb fractures. Failure to wear a helmet, driving under the influence of alcohol, driving at night, and excessive speed are the main risk factors. Conclusions: Injuries related to e-scooter use constitute a significant and growing public health challenge. Effective prevention requires comprehensive measures encompassing legal regulations, user education, infrastructure improvements, and the implementation of technological solutions.

Wprowadzenie: Właściwie zbilansowana dieta to jedno z najważniejszych zachowań prozdrowotnych człowieka, mających wpływ zarówno na jego funkcjonowanie somatyczne, jak i psychiczne. Okazuje się, że nieprawidłowe zachowania związane z jedzeniem – jedzenie nadmiarowe vs. niejedzenie – mogą mieć m.in. związek z pozabezpiecznym przywiązaniem i kontekstem, w którym doszło do jego ukonstytuowania (np. nadmierna kontrola przez opiekuna). Obecnie badania łączące te dwa zjawiska prowadzone są jednak najczęściej w odniesieniu do relacji karmicielskiej, głównie w diadzie matka‒dziecko. Celem projektu badań własnych było poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie o współzmienność stylów przywiązania młodych dorosłych mężczyzn i kobiet z ich zachowaniami związanymi z jedzeniem. Metoda: Badania zrealizowano w czerwcu 2023 r. z wykorzystaniem internetowej platformy społecznościowej Facebook. Do pomiaru zmiennych zastosowano autorską Ankietę osobową, Kwestionariusz zachowań związanych z jedzeniem oraz Skalę doświadczeń w bliskich związkach. W projekcie wzięło udział łącznie 100 młodych dorosłych osób (od 20 do 35 lat). Wyniki: Potwierdzono częściowo związek pomiędzy stylem przywiązania a zachowaniami związanymi z jedzeniem u mężczyzn. Okazało się, że wraz z nasileniem niepokoju przywiązaniowego, czyli wzorca zachowania człowieka, wynikającego z lękowego bądź unikającego stylu przywiązania uformowanego w relacjach z opiekunami, rośnie ich skłonność do nawykowego przejadania się (r = 0,37; p = 0,017). Ponadto potwierdzono związek wartości wskaźnika BMI z jedzeniem emocjonalnym (r = 0,42; p = 0,001), restrykcjami dietetycznymi (r = 0,45; p < 0,001) i z jedzeniem nawykowym (r = 0,27; p = 0,039) u kobiet. Ponadto u kobiet potwierdzono różnicę w zakresie realnej i idealnej masy ciała ze wszystkimi wymiarami zachowań związanych z jedzeniem (restrykcje dietetyczne, r = 0,50; p < 0,001; nawykowe przejadanie się, r = 0,30; p = 0,021; jedzenie emocjonalne, r = 051, p < 0,001), u mężczyzn natomiast wyłącznie z emocjonalnym przejadaniem się (r = 0,34, p = 0,034). Wnioski: W badanej próbie zachowania związane z jedzeniem pozostają w istotnych statystycznie związkach ze stylem przywiązania młodych dorosłych, jednak mają nieco innych charakter w zależności od płci osób badanych. Potwierdzenie tej obserwacji na większej, losowo dobranej próbie może dostarczyć wskazówek dla praktyki psychologicznej, w tym przede wszystkim dotyczącej zapobiegania rozwijaniu nieprawidłowego stosunku do jedzenia, a skrajnie – zaburzeń odżywiania u osób z pozabezpiecznym stylem przywiązania.

Introduction and Objective: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer derived from renewable sources. In light of the growing importance of environmental sustainability, health promotion, and digital innovation, PLA has gained relevance in medical and dental sciences. The objective of this review is to explore PLA's applications in dentistry while highlighting its potential role in patient safety, and the development of sustainable health solutions. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: PLA is increasingly utilized in dental procedures due to its safety profile and compatibility with digital manufacturing technologies, including 3D printing. In surgery and periodontology, PLA-based membranes are used in guided bone and tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR). In prosthodontics, PLA supports the production of temporary crowns, bridges, and denture bases. In orthodontics, it is applied in palatal plates and aligners. Its biodegradable nature and absence of toxic residues make PLA a valuable alternative in preventive and environmentally conscious dental care. Summary: Although PLA shows strong potential, its mechanical limitations require further improvement. Research into composites and material modifications is ongoing. PLA represents a promising direction in dentistry, offering opportunities for innovation in clinical practice, sustainability, and the education of future healthcare professionals.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a transformative stage in a woman’s life, often accompanied by questions and concerns about the safety of both the mother and the developing child. Key aspects of daily life, including physical activity, diet, and work, are frequently scrutinized, with many misconceptions persisting about what constitutes a healthy pregnancy. However, scientific evidence consistently demonstrates that an active and healthy pregnancy benefits both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Aim of the study: This study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the role of physical activity during pregnancy and its impact on labor outcomes. By reviewing recent research, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical activity, address barriers to exercise during pregnancy, and highlight evidence-based recommendations. The goal is to raise awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the importance of incorporating physical activity into prenatal care. Materials and methods: This study incorporated evidence from peer-reviewed articles, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Over 55 studies, available on PubMed and Google Scholar were analysed and critically reviewed to create a comprehensive overview of the topic. Conclusion: Physical activity during pregnancy is a vital component of prenatal care that promotes maternal and neonatal well-being. Regular exercise reduces the likelihood of pregnancy complications and improves delivery outcomes. Additionally, it offers long-term benefits for neonatal development. While current guidelines provide a general framework for exercise during pregnancy, personalized recommendations tailored to individual needs are essential to maximize safety and efficacy. This research emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among healthcare providers and pregnant women about the critical role of physical activity in improving health outcomes during pregnancy and beyond.

Introduction: Auricular hematoma is most often caused by direct blunt trauma to the outer ear and is frequently seen in individuals who engage in full-contact sports such as boxing, wrestling, and rugby. This condition occurs when blood accumulates between the cartilage and skin, resulting in pressure that compresses the perichondrium, leading to ischemia. If untreated, it can cause infections, perichondritis, necrosis, and permanent deformity, commonly referred to as "cauliflower ear". Standard treatment includes hematoma evacuation and the application of pressure dressings or sutures. However, alternative methods and modifications of standard approaches are currently under investigation. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the current understanding of auricular hematoma and cauliflower ear in athletes, with an emphasis on new treatment approaches, prevention and the potential complications associated with untreated cases. Materials and Methods: A review of research literature was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and the Cochrane Library. Conclusion: Auricular hematoma is a prevalent injury in contact sports, requiring prompt and effective treatment to prevent complications. New evidence indicates that untreated auricular hematoma may lead to complications such as hearing loss and infections. Recent advancements in drainage techniques, surgical approaches, and non-invasive approaches offer promising management options. However, current research is limited by small sample sizes, underscoring the need for larger clinical trials and long-term studies.

ABSTRACT The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A(H5N1) has caused the most extensive and severe epizootic event affecting both poultry and wild birds globally. This study investigated the impact of HPAIV on the breeding population of the Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, the most abundant gull species in Poland. During the 2023 outbreak, this species was reported as the most frequently infected in the country. A higher-than-natural adult mortality rate (greater than 1.5% of the breeding individuals) was observed in 114 surveyed colonies across all regions of Poland. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of HPAIV in all 17 colonies sampled, with average adult mortality estimated at 26.1%, and ranging from 1.7% to 77.8%. The estimated mortality rate across all surveyed colonies was 22.2%. Extrapolations across the entire Polish breeding population (at least 115,000 pairs according to the national census) indicated that approximately 51,000 adult Black-headed Gulls might have perished due to HPAIV in 2023. The number of adults found dead was positively correlated with colony size (r = 0.733, P < 0.001). The deaths were associated with a single HPAIV genotype (BB) across all confirmed cases. Understanding the spread and severity of HPAIV in colonially breeding waterbirds, such as gulls, is essential for assessing the full extent of the threats this virus poses to wild bird populations.

Relacje między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Iranem Sasanidów w V wieku były w dużej mierze wypadkową uregulowania spraw spornych i współpracy wobec zagrożenia, które wynikało z posunięć agresywnych społeczności nomadów. Wielki wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną, a później również zewnętrzną, Iranu Sasanidów mieli koczownicy z terenów Azji Środkowej, a szczególnie opisywani w niniejszym tekście Heftalici, których oddziaływanie na Sasanidów doprowadziło finalnie do przeorientowania się sasanidzkiej polityki zagranicznej na zachód, co zaowocowało wybuchem nowej wielkiej wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie.

In contemporary historiography, there is a growing interest in interactions between nomadic peoples and the empires of sedentary peoples in antiquity, with particular emphasis on late antiquity. Differences in the perception of nomadic communities’ impact on the economy cause a conceptual confusion. It is largely due to differences in the perception of the influence that nomadic communities had in shaping the functioning of trade routes leading from one part of Eurasia to another. This article organises and indicates the origin of concepts, such as the Silk Road, the cultural complex of central Eurasia, the first story, and Eurasian Late Antiquity from specific researchers. At the same time, the author compares and presents perceiving trade routes and the influence of nomads on sedentary peoples in two opposing concepts: a metanarrative of the nomad history as the main catalyst for the continent’s economic development and presenting the history of the Silk Road and nomads as part of the multi-vector interaction of various communities in Eurasia during the late antiquity, at the same time indicating a certain advantage of the latter.