Kumho Petrochemical (South Korea)

Achieving high-purity separation of hydroxypivalic acidneopentylglycol ester (HPN) requires a detailed understanding of its crystallizationbehavior, thermodynamic phase relationships, and crystal morphology.Hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester (HPN), a byproduct of neopentylglycol (NPG) synthesis, contains residual NPG as a major impurity,rendering its purification challenging. In this study, the crystallizationbehavior and structural properties of HPN were systematically examinedto establish an effective purification strategy. Solid–liquidequilibrium (SLE) data for the HPN-NPG, HPN-water system was experimentallyobtained and thermodynamically modeled to identify favorable crystallizationconditions. Molecular-level crystal morphology was investigated throughthe Bravais–Friedel–Donnay–Harker (BFDH) methodand the attachment energy (AE) model, supported by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and optical microscopy. Furthermore, adsorption–annealingsimulations were conducted to evaluate the influence of water andNPG on the crystal surface. The predicted morphology exhibited strongagreement with experimental observations, and both impurities werefound to exert minimal impact on the dominant crystal habit. Thesefindings provide an integrated thermodynamic and morphological frameworkfor the design of high-purity crystallization processes of HPN.

This study examines the legal challenges related to preserving sunken military vessels as Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) in Colombia. These challenges include Spanish galleon shipwrecks, limited international cooperation, and the lack of legal recognition for sunken military vessels under domestic law (Law 1675 of 2013). To address these issues, this article reviews the concepts of warship and sovereign immunity as they relate to the status of sunken military vessels. The study places a particular focus on the USS Kearsarge, a military shipwreck in Colombian territorial waters protected by the Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004 (SMCA) of the United States. Additionally, it analyzes the legal frameworks and management of UCH in both Colombia and the United States, as well as providing two lists of Colombia’s sunken military vessels and foreign sunken military vessels in its waters. The research concludes by highlighting the complexities of managing UCH in Colombia and offering a prospectus on the future of the USS Kearsarge wreck site as shared heritage. Ultimately, this study underscores the need for a more comprehensive legal framework and greater international cooperation to ensure the preservation and protection of sunken military vessels in Colombia.

Jinho Chae, Yoseph Seo, Won Bae Yu, Won Duk Yoon, Hye Eun Lee, Soo-Jung Chang, and Jang-Seu Ki (2018) The Scyphomedusae genus Chrysaora consists of highly diversified jellyfishes. Although morphological systematics of the genus has been documented over the past century, characterization of molecular taxonomy has been attempted only recently. In the present study, we sequenced an 8,167 bp region, encompassing a single ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat unit, from Chrysaora pacifica, and used it for phylogenetic analyses. The tandemly repeated rDNA units turned out to consist of both coding and noncoding regions, whose arrangement was found to be the same as that of a typical eukaryote. None of the 5S rRNA sequences were found among the repeat units. Comparative analyses of jellyfish rDNA sequences showed that the 28S locus is highly informative and divergent compared to the 18S locus. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S and 28S loci revealed that the Semaeostomeae order of jellyfish is separated into taxonomic groups by families and genera, with a few exceptions. The family Pelagiidae was in a clade separate from other groups, thus forming a monophyletic lineage. All Chrysaora included here formed a strongly supported clade within the family Pelagiidae, and Pelagiidae manifested a sister relationship with Cyanea. Nonetheless, Chrysaora was found to be paraphyletic in both 18S and 28S phylogenies. Chrysaora pacifica was clearly distinct from close relatives C. melanaster and C. quinquecirrha. These results provide a special reference for the DNA taxonomy of Pelagiidae jellyfishes in terms of nuclear cistron rDNA sequences and improve our understanding of the molecular phylogenetic relationships among Semaeostomeae jellyfishes.

This study deals with language therapy and play therapy using a cat robot for children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and verifies the effects of such therapy. Two versions of cat character robots, so-called Semyung robot (SERO) I and II, are suggested. First, SERO I is applied in the field test, which indicated some effective tendancy of ASD children. The robot design was improved accordingly, and the second field test was performed. Through the two field tests, we verified that this robot can be used effectively in the treatment of ASD children.

The purpose of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for the production of alginate-encapsulated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(cASCs) and evaluate their suitability for clinical use, including viability, proliferation and in vivo cell retention. Alginate microbeadswere formed by vibrational technology and the production of injectable microbeads was performed using various parameters with standard methodology. Microbeadtoxicity was tested in an animal model. Encapsulated cASCs were evaluated for viability and proliferation in vitro. HEK-293 cells, with orwithout microencapsulation, were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of mice and were tracked using in vivo bioluminescent imaging toevaluate the retention of transplanted cells. The optimized injectable microbeads were of uniform size and approximately 250 µm in diameter.There was no strong evidence of in vivo toxicity for the alginate beads. The cells remained viable after encapsulation, and there was evidenceof in vitro proliferation within the microcapsules. In vivo bioluminescent imaging showed that alginate encapsulation improvedthe retention of transplanted cells and the encapsulated cells remained viable in vivo for 7 days. Encapsulation enhances the retention ofviable cells in vivo and might represent a potential strategy to increase the therapeutic potency and efficacy of stem cells.

This study was conducted to identify the effects of home exercise programs and manual therapy on shoulder function and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

콘크리트 구조물에 화재 발생할 시 구조물 내부의 온도가 최고 <TEX>$1400^{\circ}C$</TEX>까지 이르러 콘크리트의 특성상 폭렬현상이 발생할 수 있으며, 주철근의 온도가 높아져 구조적 안정성 및 내구성 저하 등의 치명적인 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 화합물을 베이스로 하여 난연제를 첨가한 내화보드를 이용하여 화재 발생 시 구조물의 안정성 및 내구성, 내화성능 확보의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실리콘 화합물에 ATH, MDH, MC의 난연제를 25~40 wt%까지의 중량비 변화를 주어 제작한 시험편으로 열 특성 분석 및 내화성능 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 내화보드로써 콘크리트 구조물에 적용 시 구조물의 안정성, 내구성, 내화성능의 확보가 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다. The internal temperature of the structure during a fire in the concrete structure reaches up to <TEX>$1400^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The characteristic of concrete is likely to cause explosion phenomenon, the temperature of main reinforcement can cause serious damage such as increased structural stability and durability decrease. In this study, the stability and durability of the structure in the event of a fire using a fire-resistant board, the addition of a flame retardant to a silicone compound as a base, was to determine the possibility of fire resistance obtained. To this end, the silicone compound ATH, MDH, MC was analyzed thermal characteristics and flame retardant to the analysis of the sample by changing imparted to weight of the 25~ 40%. As a result, when a fire-resistant board applied to a concrete structure, it can be secured its stablity, endurance, and fire-resistance.

In this work, a facile synthetic process is reported for the large‐scale synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals. Thermal decomposition of Fe(acac) 3 (100 g) in 1‐hexadecanol produced Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals with well‐controlled sizes and morphologies. The nanocrystals were spherically shaped with average diameters of 7.8 ± 0.6, 6.5 ± 0.4, and 5.9 ± 0.2 nm when prepared at 300°C, 270°C, and 250°C, respectively. Mechanisms of crystal formation were elucidated on the basis of gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy analysis, enabling the large‐scale preparation of Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals. To provide an environmentally benign route, Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals were prepared with recycled solvent which was recovered from the initial experiment. The resulting porous Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals had larger average sizes than those of the initial nanocrystals. Structural characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction.