Laboratoires Gilbert (France)

Vascular access remains the cornerstone of effective hemodialysis but also constitutes a major source of burden, including dysfunctions, infections, patient discomfort, and other access-related morbidities. As dialysis care evolves, there is a pressing need to move beyond conventional approaches, marked by repeated needle punctures and open connection systems, toward safer, more comfortable, and technologically advanced solutions. This narrative article presents a forward-looking vision of vascular access connectivity supported in current clinical and technological knowledge. It explores how emerging connectivity, particularly needle-free port systems, could reshape the future of dialysis care. We briefly review existing vascular access modalities, including central venous catheters (CVCs) and arteriovenous (AV) accesses, along with their associated limitations. Special focus is given to the burden of infection, patient-reported discomfort, and workflow inefficiencies. We then examine emerging closed-system technologies designed to reduce contamination risk, improve patient experience, and potentially support long-term clinical outcomes. Drawing on advances in material science, biomedical engineering, and infection prevention, we outline a forward-looking vision for vascular access that aligns with patient-centered care, facilitates home-based treatment and remote connectivity, and anticipates future developments, such as wearable artificial kidneys within a value-based healthcare framework. However, the clinical adoption of these new technologies will require careful evaluation of long-term safety, durability, cost-effectiveness, training requirements, and real-world performance, underscoring the need to balance innovation-driven benefits against practical, regulatory, and organizational challenges.

Growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods is associated with poor adult health indicators, such as elevated C-reactive proteins (CRP) and Body Mass Index (BMI).In addition, perceptions of the neighborhood are often related to residents' cardiovascular disease (CVD).Gender and race are also significantly associated with CVD risk.It is necessary to find out how these factors affect CVD risk, as finding the extent to which gender and race affect CVD risk increases the correlation between poor health indicators and disadvantaged neighborhoods.Previous studies have focused on the immediate environment, such as parenting and school environment.However, environmental contexts such as neighborhood disadvantage and neighborhood disorder have not often been considered contributing factors for elevating cardiovascular disease risk.To address this issue, a nationally representative sample (n=11,371) of the United States was used to examine gender and racial differences in the cardiovascular disease risk indicators in young adulthood.This study also analyzes the effects of perceived neighborhood disorder and neighborhood disadvantage in earlier life on the risk of heart disease in young adulthood.Findings show that gender differences resulted in significantly different CRP levels, and racial differences resulted in significantly different BMI.Interestingly, lower perceived neighborhood disorder is significantly related to greater CRP levels and BMI, whereas neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with cardiovascular disease risks.With these new findings, it is important to protect the groups that are more likely to be affected by CVD risk.By providing extra resources, like screenings and support groups, targeted groups will be less affected by this disease.This research aims to bridge the gap in understanding how external social factors and biological predispositions affect heart disease risk.

During their travel through the gastrointestinal tract, ingestible antennas encounter detuning in their impedance response due to varying electromagnetic properties of the surrounding tissues. This paper investigates the possibility of using this impedance detuning to detect in which segment of the gastrointestinal tract - stomach, small intestine, or large intestine - the capsule is located. Meandered dipole antennas operating in the 433 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Band are designed for this purpose. The antennas conform to the inner surface of 3D-printed polylactic-acid capsules with a shell thickness of 0.6 or 0.4 mm. The impedance response is first optimized numerically in a homogeneous cylindrical phantom with time-averaged electromagnetic properties. The magnitude and the phase of the reflection coefficient are then obtained in different tissues and compared with simulations and measurements. The experimental demonstration is carried out first using tissue-mimicking liquids and then in a recently deceased ex vivo porcine model. The minimum change in the phase between different gastrointestinal tissues was determined to be around 10 degrees in the porcine model, indicating that the changes in the impedance response, particularly the changes in the phase, provide sufficient information to follow the position of the capsule in the gastrointestinal tract.

De novo malignancies are one of the major late complications and causes of death after liver transplantation (LT). Using extensive data from the French national Agence de la Biomédecine database, the present study aimed to quantify the risk of solid organ de novo malignancies (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) after LT. The incidence of de novo malignancies among all LT patients between 1993 and 2012 was compared with that of the French population, standardized on age, sex, and calendar period (standardized incidence ratio; SIR). Among the 11,226 LT patients included in the study, 1200 de novo malignancies were diagnosed (10.7%). The risk of death was approximately 2 times higher in patients with de novo malignancy (48.8% versus 24.3%). The SIR for all de novo solid organ malignancies was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-2.33). The risk was higher in men (SIR = 2.23; 95% CI, 2.09-2.38) and in patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD; SIR = 2.89; 95% CI, 2.68-3.11). The cancers with the highest excess risk were laryngeal (SIR = 7.57; 95% CI, 5.97-9.48), esophageal (SIR = 4.76; 95% CI, 3.56-6.24), lung (SIR = 2.56; 95% CI, 2.21-2.95), and lip-mouth-pharynx (SIR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.72-2.77). In conclusion, LT recipients have an increased risk of de novo solid organ malignancies, and this is strongly related to ALD as a primary indication for LT.

Overexpression of efflux pumps is an important mechanism of bacterial resistance that results in the extrusion of antimicrobial agents outside the bacterial cell. Inhibition of such pumps appears to be a promising strategy that could restore the potency of existing antibiotics. The NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus confers resistance to a wide range of unrelated substrates, such as hydrophilic fluoroquinolones, leading to a multidrug-resistance phenotype. In this work, approximately 150 heterocyclic boronic species were evaluated for their activity against susceptible and resistant strains of S. aureus. Twenty-four hit compounds, although inactive when tested alone, were found to potentiate ciprofloxacin activity by a 4-fold increase at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 8 μg/mL against S. aureus 1199B, which overexpresses NorA. Boron-free analogues showed no biological activity, thus revealing that the boron atom is crucial for biological activity. This work describes the first reported efflux pump inhibitory activity of boronic acid derivatives.

Indoor air quality monitoring in public premises, especially those hosting vulnerable populations such as children, was introduced in the second French national environment and health action plan and then regulated by the first “Grenelle Environnement” law, on August 3, 2009. A national pilot monitoring survey of indoor air quality in 310 French schools and day-care centers was performed in two phases from 2009 to 2011. This article is dedicated to the results of the first phase (2009 to 2010, in 160 schools and day-care centers), and another article is in preparation about the whole survey results. Formaldehyde, benzene, and air stuffiness were the targeted compounds. They were measured for 1–2 weeks during heating and non-heating seasons in each investigated building. The results of the first phase are presented in this article. They show, referring to the management values suggested by the French committee for public health, that air quality is acceptable in most establishments tested. Nonetheless, a few cases required additional investigations or corrective measures. Furthermore, the air stuffiness (based on carbon dioxide measurements) was found to be very high in 16% of the classrooms (up to 25% in elementary schools). In 47% of the elementary schools, at least one classroom had very high air stuffiness. The mayors and school principals were informed and provided with means to identify the main sources of pollution and to implement remediation actions. The outcomes of this research have led to another step toward mandatory indoor air quality monitoring of public premises in France. France is the first country to implement a routine and mandatory assessment of air quality in public buildings accommodating vulnerable people.

Abstract For more than half a century airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods have been used worldwide for cost-effective resistivity mapping of areas larger than several hundred km2. The technical developments and intensive use of these systems, principally in mining exploration during the first decades, led to the development of helicopter transient EM (HTEM) systems. Since the 2000s these systems provide the best lateral and vertical resolution for environmental exploration, and they still keep a good depth of investigation allowing the exploration from the first meters to depths of several hundred meters. This chapter focuses on helicopter borne transient electromagnetic (HTEM) systems, which are well suited for the detection of low resistive targets such as salt water intrusion in coastal zones.AEM methods are based on the diffusive induction phenomenon. It is a key tool for building realistic hydrogeological models; however it requires an understanding of its limits, and some insight into data processing modeling is necessary. They require careful processing, and removal of cultural EM noise, present in most survey areas, is mandatory in order to get high quality results. Accurate modeling of the data and of the system is also critical. The modeling is most often based on least-square optimization algorithms giving smooth or layered model descriptions of ground.In this chapter we describe the AEM method in detail and we discuss processing and inversion of data. To demonstrate the results from an investigation, we end the chapter with a case study of a SkyTEM survey made in the volcanic island of Mayotte where key geological structures and salt water intrusion were successfully mapped.KeywordsSeawater IntrusionSaline AquiferSecondary FieldGround ResistivityHigh Resistive LayerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The Mont-Saint-Michel Project has been carried out to restore the maritime characteristics that existed before 1995. Attempts have been made to use marine sediments e.g. in the construction of pavements and driveways. Hence, methods to stabilise marine sediments have recently been developed. A new approach to sediment stabilisation is here proposed by using pozzolan and alkali-activated binders. Freeze–thaw and wet–dry tests are conducted to determine the durability of the sediments and to examine their suitability for use as construction material. The binders are prepared by alkali activation using pozzolan, and different amounts of the binders are mixed with marine sediment. The surfaces of one group of sediments are treated by a substance containing liquid glass. We compare the durability properties and deformation behaviours of two different types of specimen, by conducting tests and taking into consideration climatic conditions. The sediments stabilised by surface treatment showed high durability properties. Dans le cadre du projet de restauration du caractère maritime du Mont-Saint-Michel s’est posée la question du devenir de la quantité des sédiments résultant de l’aménagement prévu. Les stabiliser et les réutiliser en tant que matériau routier et de voirie constitue une filière intéressante. Une nouvelle approche utilisant des liants poussolaniques et l’alcali activation, est proposée. Des essais de durabilité ont été menés sur des éprouvettes préparées pour différents taux de liants pouzzolaniques mélangés au sédiment. Un groupe d’éprouvettes a fait l’objet d’un traitement de surface à base d’un produit industriel de durcissement. L’analyse comportementale porte sur la comparaison des propriétés mécaniques et de durabilité notamment pour les sédiments stabilisés et traités en surface.